A look inside 'black box' hydrograph separation models: A study at the hydrohill catchment
C. Kendall, Jeffery J. McDonnell, W. Gu
2001, Hydrological Processes (15) 1877-1902
Runoff sources and dominant flowpaths are still poorly understood in most catchments; consequently, most hydrograph separations are essentially 'black box' models where only external information is used. The well-instrumented 490 m2 Hydrohill artificial grassland catchment located near Nanjing (China) was used to examine internal catchment processes. Since groundwater levels never...
Online bibliographic sources in hydrology
2001, Book chapter, Information and the professional scientist and engineer
No abstract available....
Applying the scientific method to small catchment studies: Areview of the Panola Mountain experience
R. P. Hooper
2001, Hydrological Processes (15) 2039-2050
A hallmark of the scientific method is its iterative application to a problem to increase and refine the understanding of the underlying processes controlling it. A successful iterative application of the scientific method to catchment science (including the fields of hillslope hydrology and biogeochemistry) has been hindered by two factors....
Determination of the sources of nitrate contamination in karst springs using isotopic and chemical indicators
S.V. Panno, Keith C. Hackley, H.-H. Hwang, W.R. Kelly
2001, Chemical Geology (179) 113-128
The sources of nitrate (NO-3) in groundwater of the shallow karst aquifer in southwestern Illinois' sinkhole plain were investigated using chemical and isotopic techniques. The groundwater in this aquifer is an important source of potable water for about half of the residents of the sinkhole plain area. Previous work has...
Large carbon isotope fractionation associated with oxidation of methyl halides by methylotrophic bacteria
L.G. Miller, Robert M. Kalin, S.E. McCauley, John T.G. Hamilton, D.B. Harper, D.B. Millet, R.S. Oremland, Allen H. Goldstein
2001, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (98) 5833-5837
The largest biological fractionations of stable carbon isotopes observed in nature occur during production of methane by methanogenic archaea. These fractionations result in substantial (as much as ≈70‰) shifts in δ13C relative to the initial substrate. We now report that a stable carbon isotopic fractionation of...
Hydrology of the coastal sabkhas of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Ward E. Sanford, Warren W. Wood
2001, Hydrogeology Journal (9) 358-366
Water fluxes were estimated and a water budget developed for the land surface and a surficial 10-m-deep section of the coastal sabkhas that extend from the city of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, west to the border with Saudi Arabia. The fluxes were estimated on the basis of water levels...
Formation and transport of the sulfonic acid metabolites of alachlor and metolachlor in soil
D.S. Aga, E.M. Thurman
2001, Environmental Science & Technology (35) 2455-2460
Alachlor and metolachlor are dechlorinated and transformed into their corresponding ethane sulfonic acid (ESA) metabolites in soil. In a field-disappearance study, it was shown that alachlor ESA was formed at a faster rate and at concentrations 2−4 times higher than metolachlor ESA, conforming with the observed longer...
Factors controlling the configuration of the fresh-saline water interface in the Dead Sea coastal aquifers: Synthesis of TDEM surveys and numerical groundwater modeling
Y. Yechieli, U. Kafri, M. Goldman, C.I. Voss
2001, Hydrogeology Journal (9) 367-377
TDEM (time domain electromagnetic) traverses in the Dead Sea (DS) coastal aquifer help to delineate the configuration of the interrelated fresh-water and brine bodies and the interface in between. A good linear correlation exists between the logarithm of TDEM resistivity and the chloride concentration of groundwater, mostly in the higher...
Effects of urbanization on streamflow in the Atlanta area (Georgia, USA): A comparative hydrological approach
S. Rose, N.E. Peters
2001, Hydrological Processes (15) 1441-1457
For the period from 1958 to 1996, streamflow characteristics of a highly urbanized watershed were compared with less-urbanized and non-urbanized watersheds within a 20 000 km2 region in the vicinity of Atlanta, Georgia: In the Piedmont and Blue Ridge physiographic provinces of the southeastern USA. Water levels in several wells...
A partition-limited model for the plant uptake of organic contaminants from soil and water
C. T. Chiou, G. Sheng, M. Manes
2001, Environmental Science & Technology (35) 1437-1444
In dealing with the passive transport of organic contaminants from soils to plants (including crops), a partition-limited model is proposed in which (i) the maximum (equilibrium) concentration of a contaminant in any location in the plant is determined by partition equilibrium with its concentration in the soil...
Methyl t-Butyl Ether Mineralization in Surface-Water Sediment Microcosms under Denitrifying Conditions
P. M. Bradley, F. H. Chapelle, J. E. Landmeyer
2001, Applied and Environmental Microbiology (67) 1975-1978
Mineralization of [U-14C] methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) to 14CO2 without accumulation of t-butyl alcohol (TBA) was observed in surface-water sediment microcosms under denitrifying conditions. Methanogenic activity and limited transformation of MTBE to TBA were observed in the absence of denitrification. Results indicate that bed sediment microorganisms can effectively degrade MTBE...
Assessing an open-well aquifer test in fractured crystalline rock
C. R. Tiedeman, P. A. Hsieh
2001, Ground Water (39) 68-78
Use of open wells to conduct aquifer tests in fractured crystalline rock aquifers is potentially problematic, because open wells can hydraulically connect highly permeable fracture zones at different depths within the rock. Because of this effect, it is questionable whether estimates of the hydraulic properties of the rock obtained from...
Analysis of trace levels of sulfonamide and tetracycline antimicrobials in groundwater and surface water using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
M.E. Lindsey, M. Meyer, E.M. Thurman
2001, Analytical Chemistry (73) 4640-4646
A method has been developed for the trace analysis of two classes of antimicrobials consisting of six sulfonamides (SAs) and five tetracyclines (TCs), which commonly are used for veterinary purposes and agricultural feed additives and are suspected to leach into ground and surface water. The method used...
Nature and chlorine reactivity of organic constituents from reclaimed water in groundwater, Los Angeles County, California
J.A. Leenheer, C.E. Rostad, L. B. Barber, R. A. Schroeder, R. Anders, M.L. Davisson
2001, Environmental Science & Technology (35) 3869-3876
The nature and chlorine reactivity of organic constituents in reclaimed water (tertiary-treated municipal wastewater) before, during, and after recharge into groundwater at the Montebello Forebay in Los Angeles County, CA, was the focus of this study. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in reclaimed water from this site is primarily a mixture...
River flow mass exponents with fractal channel networks and rainfall
B.M. Troutman, T.M. Over
2001, Advances in Water Resources (24) 967-989
An important problem in hydrologic science is understanding how river flow is influenced by rainfall properties and drainage basin characteristics. In this paper we consider one approach, the use of mass exponents, in examining the relation of river flow to rainfall and the channel network, which provides the primary conduit...
Hydraulic head applications of flow logs in the study of heterogeneous aquifers
Frederick L. Paillet
2001, Ground Water (39) 667-675
Permeability profiles derived from high-resolution flow logs in heterogeneous aquifers provide a limited sample of the most permeable beds or fractures determining the hydraulic properties of those aquifers. This paper demonstrates that flow logs can also be used to infer the large-scale properties of aquifers surrounding boreholes. The analysis is...
Effects of multi-scale environmental characteristics on agricultural stream biota in eastern Wisconsin
F. A. Fitzpatrick, B. C. Scudder, B. N. Lenz, D. J. Sullivan
2001, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (37) 1489-1507
The U.S. Geological Survey examined 25 agricultural streams in eastern Wisconsin to determine relations between fish, invertebrate, and algal metrics and multiple spatial scales of land cover, geologic setting, hydrologic, aquatic habitat, and water chemistry data. Spearman correlation and redundancy analyses were used to examine relations among biotic metrics and...
Scleria lacustris (Cyperaceae), an aquatic and wetland sedge introduced to Florida
C.C. Jacono
2001, SIDA, Contributions to Botany (19) 1163-1170
A non-native species of Scleria, S. lacustris is reported from six counties and three major hydrologic regions in Florida. Biogeography and habitat in Florida are addressed. A description, key features and illustration are presented....
The concept of hydrologic landscapes
T. C. Winter
2001, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (37) 335-349
Hydrologic landscapes are multiples or variations of fundamental hydrologic landscape units. A fundamental hydrologic landscape unit is defined on the basis of land-surface form, geology, and climate. The basic land-surface form of a fundamental hydrologic landscape unit is an upland separated from a lowland by an intervening steeper slope. Fundamental...
Infiltration of late Palaeozoic evaporative brines in the reelfoot rift: A possible salt source for Illinois Basin formation waters and MVT mineralizing fluids
E. L. Rowan, G. De Marsily
2001, Petroleum Geoscience (7) 269-279
Salinities and homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) deposits provide important insights into the regional hydrology of the Illinois basin/Reelfoot rift system in late Palaeozoic time. Although the thermal regime of this basin system has been plausibly explained, the origin of high salinities in the basin fluids...
Widespread potential for microbial MTBE degradation in surface-water sediments
P. M. Bradley, J. E. Landmeyer, F. H. Chapelle
2001, Environmental Science & Technology (35) 658-662
Microorganisms indigenous to stream and lake bed sediments, collected from 11 sites throughout the United States, demonstrated significant mineralization of the fuel oxygenate, methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE). Mineralization of [U-14C]MTBE to 14CO2 ranged from 15 to 66% over 50 days and did not differ significantly between sediments collected from MTBE contaminated...
Trends in total phosphorus and total nitrogen concentrations of tributaries to the Swan - Canning Estuary, 1987 to 1998
R. Donohue, W.A. Davidson, N.E. Peters, S. Nelson, B. Jakowyna
2001, Hydrological Processes (15) 2411-2434
Temporal wet-season trends from 1987 to 1998 of total N and total P concentrations (TN and TP, respectively) in 14 tributaries to the Swan-Canning Estuary in Western Australia were evaluated using the Mann-Kendall or Seasonal kendall tests. Six of the catchments drained clay soils primarily on the Darling Plateau, which...
Seasonal and event-scale variations in solute chemistry for four Sierra Nevada catchments
J.M. Holloway, R.A. Dahlgren
2001, Journal of Hydrology (250) 106-121
Hydrobiogeochemical processes controlling stream water chemistry were examined in four small (<5 km2) catchments having contrasting bedrock lithologies in the western Sierra Nevada foothills of California. The Mediterranean climate with its cool/wet and hot/dry cycle produces strong seasonal patterns in hydrological, biological and geochemical processes. Stream water solutes fall into...
Inter-annual changes in the benthic community structure of riffles and pools in reaches of contrasting gradient
J.L. Carter, S.V. Fend
2001, Hydrobiologia (459) 187-200
The inter-annual variation in the structure of the benthic community of riffles and pools was evaluated in contrasting geomorphic settings. The community structure of riffles and pools was a function of habitat, reach gradient, and discharge and was taxon specific. In years of below average peak discharge, riffles had higher...
In situ spectroscopic and solution analyses of the reductive dissolution of Mn02 by Fe(II)
John E. Villinski, Peggy A. O’Day, Timothy L. Corley, Martha H. Conklin
2001, Environmental Science & Technology (35) 1157-1163
The reductive dissolution of MnO2 by Fe(II) under conditions simulating acid mine drainage (pH 3, 100 mM SO42-) was investigated by utilizing a flow-through reaction cell and synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy. This configuration allows collection of in situ, real-time X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra and bulk solution samples. Analysis...
