Effects of multi-scale environmental characteristics on agricultural stream biota in eastern Wisconsin
F. A. Fitzpatrick, B. C. Scudder, B. N. Lenz, D. J. Sullivan
2001, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (37) 1489-1507
The U.S. Geological Survey examined 25 agricultural streams in eastern Wisconsin to determine relations between fish, invertebrate, and algal metrics and multiple spatial scales of land cover, geologic setting, hydrologic, aquatic habitat, and water chemistry data. Spearman correlation and redundancy analyses were used to examine relations among biotic metrics and...
Mercury and methylmercury in water and sediment of the Sacramento River Basin, California
Joseph L. Domagalski
2001, Applied Geochemistry (16) 1677-1691
Mercury (Hg) and methylmercury (CH3Hg+) concentrations in streambed sediment and water were determined at 27 locations throughout the Sacramento River Basin, CA. Mercury in sediment was elevated at locations downstream of either Hg mining or Au mining activities where Hg was used in the recovery of Au. Methylmercury in sediment...
Streamflow forecasting using the modular modeling system and an object-user interface
A.E. Jeton
2001, Conference Paper, Proceedings of The Western Snow Conference
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation (BOR), developed a computer program to provide a general framework needed to couple disparate environmental resource models and to manage the necessary data. The Object-User Interface (OUI) is a map-based interface for models and modeling data. It provides...
Pesticides in the hydrologic system - What do we know and what's next?
R. J. Gilliom
2001, Hydrological Processes (15) 3197-3201
Even though the occurrence and behaviour of pesticides in the environment have been studied for decades, water-quality managers and the public still demand more complete and consistent information, and there are many unanswered questions for environmental scientists. In many respects, the greatest potential for unintended adverse effects of pesticides is...
The geology and palynology of lower and Middle Pennsylvanian strata in the Western Kentucky Coal Field
C.F. Eble, S.F. Greb, D.A. Williams
2001, International Journal of Coal Geology (47) 189-206
The Western Kentucky Coal Field is the southern tip of the Eastern Interior, or Illinois Basin. Pennsylvanian rocks in this area, which include conglomerate, sandstone, shale, limestone and coal, were deposited primarily in coastal-deltaic settings at a time when western Kentucky was located close to the equator. This paper discusses...
Ecosystem processes and nitrogen export in northern U.S. watersheds.
R. Stottlemyer
2001, Scientific World Journal (1) 581-588
There is much interest in the relationship of atmospheric nitrogen (N) inputs to ecosystem outputs as an indicator of possible "nitrogen saturation" by human activity. Longer-term, ecosystem-level mass balance studies suggest that the relationship is not clear and that other ecosystem processes may dominate variation in N outputs. We have...
Progression of natural attenuation processes at a crude-oil spill site . I. Geochemical evolution of the plume
I.M. Cozzarelli, B.A. Bekins, M.J. Baedecker, G. R. Aiken, R.P. Eganhouse, M.E. Tuccillo
2001, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology (53) 369-385
A 16-year study of a hydrocarbon plume shows that the extent of contaminant migration and compound-specific behavior have changed as redox reactions, most notably iron reduction, have progressed over time. Concentration changes at a small scale, determined from analysis of pore-water samples drained from aquifer cores, are compared with concentration changes at...
Fulvic acid-sulfide ion competition for mercury ion binding in the Florida everglades
Michael M. Reddy, George Aiken
2001, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution (132) 89-104
Negatively charged functional groups of fulvic acid compete with inorganic sulfide ion for mercury ion binding. This competition is evaluated here by using a discrete site-electrostatic model to calculate mercury solution speciation in the presence of fulvic acid. Model calculated species distributions are used to estimate a mercury-fulvic acid apparent...
Processes of nickel and cobalt uptake by a manganese oxide forming sediment in Pinal Creek, Globe mining district, Arizona
J.T. Kay, M.H. Conklin, C. C. Fuller, P. A. O’Day
2001, Environmental Science & Technology (35) 4719-4725
A series of column experiments was conducted using manganese oxide coated sediments collected from the hyporheic zone in Pinal Creek (AZ), a metal-contaminated stream, to study the uptake and retention of Mn, Ni, and Co. Experimental variables included the absence (abiotic) and presence (biotic) of active Mn-oxidizing bacteria, the absence...
Hydraulic head applications of flow logs in the study of heterogeneous aquifers
Frederick L. Paillet
2001, Ground Water (39) 667-675
Permeability profiles derived from high-resolution flow logs in heterogeneous aquifers provide a limited sample of the most permeable beds or fractures determining the hydraulic properties of those aquifers. This paper demonstrates that flow logs can also be used to infer the large-scale properties of aquifers surrounding boreholes. The analysis is...
Hydrology of Yucca Mountain, Nevada
A. L. Flint, L. E. Flint, E. M. Kwicklis, G.S. Bodvarsson, J. M. Fabryka-Martin
2001, Reviews of Geophysics (39) 447-470
Yucca Mountain, located in southern Nevada in the Mojave Desert, is being considered as a geologic repository for high-level radioactive waste. Although the site is arid, previous studies indicate net infiltration rates of 5-10 mm yr-1 under current climate conditions. Unsaturated flow of water through the mountain generally is vertical...
Constants for mercury binding by organic matter isolates from the Florida Everglades
J.M. Benoit, R.P. Mason, C.C. Gilmour, G. R. Aiken
2001, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (65) 4445-4451
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) has been implicated as an important complexing agent for Hg that can affect its mobility and bioavailability in aquatic ecosystems. However, binding constants for natural Hg-DOM complexes are not well known. We employed a competitive ligand approach to estimate conditional stability constants for Hg complexes...
Consumption of tropospheric levels of methyl bromide by C1 compound-utilizing bacteria and comparison to saturation kinetics
K.D. Goodwin, R.K. Varner, P.M. Crill, Ronald S. Oremland
2001, Applied and Environmental Microbiology (67) 5437-5443
Pure cultures of methylotrophs and methanotrophs are known to oxidize methyl bromide (MeBr); however, their ability to oxidize tropospheric concentrations (parts per trillion by volume [pptv]) has not been tested. Methylotrophs and methanotrophs were able to consume MeBr provided at levels that mimicked...
Mississippi Valley-type lead-zinc deposits through geological time: Implications from recent age-dating research
D. L. Leach, D. Bradley, Michael T. Lewchuk, David T. A. Symons, G. De Marsily, J. Brannon
2001, Mineralium Deposita (36) 711-740
Remarkable advances in age dating Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) lead-zinc deposits provide a new opportunity to understand how and where these deposits form in the Earth's crust. These dates are summarized and examined in a framework of global tectonics, paleogeography, fluid migration, and paleoclimate. Nineteen districts have been dated by paleomagnetic...
Modelling middle pliocene warm climates of the USA
A.M. Haywood, P.J. Valdes, B.W. Sellwood, J.O. Kaplan, H.J. Dowsett
2001, Palaeontologia Electronica (4)
The middle Pliocene warm period represents a unique time slice in which to model and understand climatic processes operating under a warm climatic regime. Palaeoclimatic model simulations, focussed on the United States of America (USA), for the middle Pliocene (ca 3 Ma) were generated using the USGS PRISM2 2?? ??...
River flow mass exponents with fractal channel networks and rainfall
B.M. Troutman, T.M. Over
2001, Advances in Water Resources (24) 967-989
An important problem in hydrologic science is understanding how river flow is influenced by rainfall properties and drainage basin characteristics. In this paper we consider one approach, the use of mass exponents, in examining the relation of river flow to rainfall and the channel network, which provides the primary conduit...
Developing a post-fire flood chronology and recurrence probability from alluvial stratigraphy in the Buffalo Creek watershed, Colorado, USA
J. G. Elliott, R. S. Parker
2001, Hydrological Processes (15) 3039-3051
Stratigraphic and geomorphic evidence indicate floods that occur soon after forest fires have been intermittent but common events in many mountainous areas during the past several thousand years. The magnitude and recurrence of these post-fire flood events reflects the joint probability between the recurrence of fires and the recurrence of...
Effect of basin physical characteristics on solute fluxes in nine alpine/subalpine basins, Colorado, USA
J.K. Sueker, D. W. Clow, J. N. Ryan, R.D. Jarrett
2001, Hydrological Processes (15) 2749-2769
Alpine/subalpine basins may exhibit substantial variability in solute fluxes despite many apparent similarities in basin characteristics. An evaluation of controls on spatial patterns in solute fluxes may allow development of predictive tools for assessing basin sensitivity to outside perturbations such as climate change or deposition of atmospheric pollutants. Relationships between...
Development and application of a spatial hydrology model of Okefenokee Swamp, Georgia
C.S. Loftin, W.M. Kitchens, N. Ansay
2001, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (37) 935-956
The model described herein was used to assess effects of the Suwannee River sill (a low earthen dam constructed to impound the Suwannee River within the Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge to eliminate wildfires) on the hydrologic environment of Okefenokee Swamp, Georgia. Developed with Arc/Info Macro Language routines in the GRID...
A process for fire-related debris flow initiation, Cerro Grande fire, New Mexico
S.H. Cannon, E.R. Bigio, E. Mine
2001, Hydrological Processes (15) 3011-3023
In this study we examine factors that pertain to the generation of debris flows from a basin recently burned by wildfire. Throughout the summer 2000 thunderstorm season, we monitored rain gauges, channel cross-sections, hillslope transects, and nine sediment-runoff traps deployed in a steep, 0??15 km2 basin burned by the May...
Post-fire, rainfall intensity-peak discharge relations for three mountainous watersheds in the Western USA
J. A. Moody, D.A. Martin
2001, Hydrological Processes (15) 2981-2993
Wildfire alters the hydrologic response of watersheds, including the peak discharges resulting from subsequent rainfall. Improving predictions of the magnitude of flooding that follows wildfire is needed because of the increase in human population at risk in the wildland-urban interface. Because this wildland-urban interface is typically in mountainous terrain, we...
Nature and chlorine reactivity of organic constituents from reclaimed water in groundwater, Los Angeles County, California
J.A. Leenheer, C.E. Rostad, L. B. Barber, R. A. Schroeder, R. Anders, M.L. Davisson
2001, Environmental Science & Technology (35) 3869-3876
The nature and chlorine reactivity of organic constituents in reclaimed water (tertiary-treated municipal wastewater) before, during, and after recharge into groundwater at the Montebello Forebay in Los Angeles County, CA, was the focus of this study. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in reclaimed water from this site is primarily a mixture...
Analysis of trace levels of sulfonamide and tetracycline antimicrobials in groundwater and surface water using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
M.E. Lindsey, M. Meyer, E.M. Thurman
2001, Analytical Chemistry (73) 4640-4646
A method has been developed for the trace analysis of two classes of antimicrobials consisting of six sulfonamides (SAs) and five tetracyclines (TCs), which commonly are used for veterinary purposes and agricultural feed additives and are suspected to leach into ground and surface water. The method used...
Delineating a recharge area for a spring using numerical modeling, Monte Carlo techniques, and geochemical investigation
R. J. Hunt, J. J. Steuer, M.T.C. Mansor, T.D. Bullen
2001, Ground Water (39) 702-712
Recharge areas of spring systems can be hard to identify, but they can be critically important for protection of a spring resource. A recharge area for a spring complex in southern Wisconsin was delineated using a variety of complementary techniques. A telescopic mesh refinement (TMR) model was constructed from an...
Predictions of hydrothermal alteration within near-ridge oceanic crust from coordinated geochemical and fluid flow models
L.R. Wetzel, Jeff P. Raffensperger, E.L. Shock
2001, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (110) 319-342
Coordinated geochemical and hydrological calculations guide our understanding of the composition, fluid flow patterns, and thermal structure of near-ridge oceanic crust. The case study presented here illustrates geochemical and thermal changes taking place as oceanic crust ages from 0.2 to 1.0 Myr. Using a finite element code, we model fluid...
