The national stream quality accounting network: A flux-basedapproach to monitoring the water quality of large rivers
R. P. Hooper, Brent T. Aulenbach, V.J. Kelly
2001, Hydrological Processes (15) 1089-1106
Estimating the annual mass flux at a network of fixed stations is one approach to characterizing water quality of large rivers. The interpretive context provided by annual flux includes identifying source and sink areas for constituents and estimating the loadings to receiving waters, such as reservoirs or the ocean. Since...
The effect of mining and related activities on the sediment-trace element geochemistry of Lake Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, USA. Part III. Downstream effects: The Spokane River Basin
C.A. Grosbois, A. J. Horowitz, J.J. Smith, K. A. Elrick
2001, Hydrological Processes (15) 855-875
During 1998/1999, surface and subsurface sediment samples were collected along the entire length of the Spokane River from its outlet at the northern end of Lake Coeur d'Alene (CDA), Idaho, to Lake Roosevelt on the Columbia River, Washington. The study was conducted to determine if the trace element enrichments observed...
Differential rates of feldspar weathering in granitic regoliths
A. F. White, T.D. Bullen, M. S. Schulz, A.E. Blum, T.G. Huntington, N.E. Peters
2001, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (65) 847-869
Differential rates of plagioclase and K-feldspar weathering commonly observed in bedrock and soil environments are examined in terms of chemical kinetic and solubility controls and hydrologic permeability. For the Panola regolith, in the Georgia Piedmont Province of southeastern United States, petrographic observations, coupled with elemental balances and 87Sr/86Sr ratios, indicate...
Bioavailability of metals in stream food webs and hazards to brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in the upper Animas River watershed, Colorado
J.M. Besser, W. G. Brumbaugh, T.W. May, S. E. Church, B. A. Kimball
2001, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (40) 48-59
The water quality, habitats, and biota of streams in the upper Animas River watershed of Colorado, USA, are affected by metal contamination associated with acid drainage. We determined metal concentrations in components of the food web of the Animas River and its tributaries - periphyton (aufwuchs), benthic invertebrates, and livers...
Simulation of stream discharge and transport of nitrate and selected herbicides in the Mississippi River Basin
R. E. Broshears, G. M. Clark, H.E. Jobson
2001, Hydrological Processes (15) 1157-1167
Stream discharge and the transport of nitrate, atrazine, and metolachlor in the Mississippi River Basin were simulated using the DAFLOW/BLTM hydrologic model. The simulated domain for stream discharge included river reaches downstream from the following stations in the National Stream Quality Accounting Network: Mississippi River at Clinton, IA; Missouri River...
Distribution of oxygen-18 and deuteriun in river waters across the United States
Carol Kendall, Tyler B. Coplen
2001, Hydrological Processes (15) 1363-1393
Reconstruction of continental palaeoclimate and palaeohydrology is currently hampered by limited information about isotopic patterns in the modern hydrologic cycle. To remedy this situation and to provide baseline data for other isotope hydrology studies, more than 4800, depth- and width-integrated, stream samples from 391 selected sites within the USGS...
Processes of nickel and cobalt uptake by a manganese oxide forming sediment in Pinal Creek, Globe mining district, Arizona
J.T. Kay, M.H. Conklin, C. C. Fuller, P. A. O’Day
2001, Environmental Science & Technology (35) 4719-4725
A series of column experiments was conducted using manganese oxide coated sediments collected from the hyporheic zone in Pinal Creek (AZ), a metal-contaminated stream, to study the uptake and retention of Mn, Ni, and Co. Experimental variables included the absence (abiotic) and presence (biotic) of active Mn-oxidizing bacteria, the absence...
Constants for mercury binding by organic matter isolates from the Florida Everglades
J.M. Benoit, R.P. Mason, C.C. Gilmour, G. R. Aiken
2001, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (65) 4445-4451
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) has been implicated as an important complexing agent for Hg that can affect its mobility and bioavailability in aquatic ecosystems. However, binding constants for natural Hg-DOM complexes are not well known. We employed a competitive ligand approach to estimate conditional stability constants for Hg complexes...
Consumption of tropospheric levels of methyl bromide by C1 compound-utilizing bacteria and comparison to saturation kinetics
K.D. Goodwin, R.K. Varner, P.M. Crill, Ronald S. Oremland
2001, Applied and Environmental Microbiology (67) 5437-5443
Pure cultures of methylotrophs and methanotrophs are known to oxidize methyl bromide (MeBr); however, their ability to oxidize tropospheric concentrations (parts per trillion by volume [pptv]) has not been tested. Methylotrophs and methanotrophs were able to consume MeBr provided at levels that mimicked...
Using multiple geochemical tracers to characterize the hydrogeology of the submarine spring off Crescent Beach, Florida
P.W. Swarzenski, C. D. Reich, R. M. Spechler, J. L. Kindinger, W.S. Moore
2001, Chemical Geology (179) 187-202
A spectacular submarine spring is located about 4 km east of Crescent Beach, FL, in the Atlantic Ocean. The single vent feature of Crescent Beach Spring provides a unique opportunity to examine onshore–offshore hydrogeologic processes, as well as point source submarine ground water discharge. The Floridan aquifer system in...
In situ stimulation of groundwater denitrification with formate to remediate nitrate contamination
R. L. Smith, D.N. Miller, M. H. Brooks, M.A. Widdowson, M.W. Killingstad
2001, Environmental Science & Technology (35) 196-203
In situ stimulation of denitrification has been proposed as a mechanism to remediate groundwater nitrate contamination. In this study, sodium formate was added to a sand and gravel aquifer on Cape Cod, MA, to test whether formate could serve as a potential electron donor for subsurface denitrification. During 16- and...
Pesticides associated with suspended sediments entering San Francisco Bay following the first major storm of water year 1996
Brian A. Bergamaschi, Kathryn Kuivila, Miranda S. Fram
2001, Estuaries (24) 368-380
Estuaries receive large quantities of suspended sediments following the first major storm of the water year. The first-flush events transport the majority of suspended sediments in any given year, and because of their relative freshness in the hydrologic system, these sediments may carry a significant amount of the sediment-associated pesticide...
Initial hydrologic and geomorphic response following a wildfire in the Colorado front range
John A. Moody, Deborah A. Martin
2001, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (26) 1049-1070
A wildfire in May 1996 burned 4690 hectares in two watersheds forested by ponderosa pine and Douglas fir in a steep, mountainous landscape with a summer, convective thunderstorm precipitation regime. The wildfire lowered the erosion threshold in the watersheds, and consequently amplified the subsequent erosional response to shorter time interval...
Mississippi Valley-type lead-zinc deposits through geological time: Implications from recent age-dating research
D. L. Leach, D. Bradley, Michael T. Lewchuk, David T. A. Symons, G. De Marsily, J. Brannon
2001, Mineralium Deposita (36) 711-740
Remarkable advances in age dating Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) lead-zinc deposits provide a new opportunity to understand how and where these deposits form in the Earth's crust. These dates are summarized and examined in a framework of global tectonics, paleogeography, fluid migration, and paleoclimate. Nineteen districts have been dated by paleomagnetic...
Standard reference water samples for rare earth element determinations
P. L. Verplanck, Ronald C. Antweiler, D. Kirk Nordstrom, Howard E. Taylor
2001, Applied Geochemistry (16) 231-244
Standard reference water samples (SRWS) were collected from two mine sites, one near Ophir, CO, USA and the other near Redding, CA, USA. The samples were filtered, preserved, and analyzed for rare earth element (REE) concentrations (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb,...
Demonstration of significant abiotic iron isotope fractionation in nature
T.D. Bullen, A. F. White, C.W. Childs, D.V. Vivit, M.S. Schultz
2001, Geology (29) 699-702
Field and laboratory studies reveal that the mineral ferrihydrite, formed as a result of abiotic oxidation of aqueous ferrous to ferric Fe, contains Fe that is isotopically heavy relative to coexisting aqueous Fe. Because the electron transfer step of the oxidation process at pH >5 is essentially irreversible and should...
Fulvic acid-sulfide ion competition for mercury ion binding in the Florida everglades
Michael M. Reddy, George Aiken
2001, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution (132) 89-104
Negatively charged functional groups of fulvic acid compete with inorganic sulfide ion for mercury ion binding. This competition is evaluated here by using a discrete site-electrostatic model to calculate mercury solution speciation in the presence of fulvic acid. Model calculated species distributions are used to estimate a mercury-fulvic acid apparent...
River flow mass exponents with fractal channel networks and rainfall
B.M. Troutman, T.M. Over
2001, Advances in Water Resources (24) 967-989
An important problem in hydrologic science is understanding how river flow is influenced by rainfall properties and drainage basin characteristics. In this paper we consider one approach, the use of mass exponents, in examining the relation of river flow to rainfall and the channel network, which provides the primary conduit...
Modelling middle pliocene warm climates of the USA
A.M. Haywood, P.J. Valdes, B.W. Sellwood, J.O. Kaplan, H.J. Dowsett
2001, Palaeontologia Electronica (4)
The middle Pliocene warm period represents a unique time slice in which to model and understand climatic processes operating under a warm climatic regime. Palaeoclimatic model simulations, focussed on the United States of America (USA), for the middle Pliocene (ca 3 Ma) were generated using the USGS PRISM2 2?? ??...
Effect of scale on the behavior of atrazine in surface waters
P. D. Capel, S.J. Larson
2001, Environmental Science & Technology (35) 648-657
Field runoff is an important transport mechanism by which agricultural pesticides, including atrazine, move into the hydrologic environment. Atrazine is chosen because it is widely used, is transported in runoff relatively easily, is widely observed in surface waters, and has relatively little loss in the stream network. Data on runoff...
Transport and fate of organic wastes in groundwater at the Stringfellow hazardous waste disposal site, southern California
J.A. Leenheer, J. Hsu, L. B. Barber
2001, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology (51) 163-178
In January 1999, wastewater influent and effluent from the pretreatment plant at the Stringfellow hazardous waste disposal site were sampled along with groundwater at six locations along the groundwater contaminant plume. The objectives of this sampling and study were to identify at the compound class level the unidentified 40–60% of wastewater organic contaminants, and to determine...
Groundwater residence times in Shenandoah National Park, Blue Ridge Mountains, Virginia, USA: A multi-tracer approach
Niel Plummer, E. Busenberg, J.K. Böhlke, D.L. Nelms, R. L. Michel, P. Schlosser
2001, Chemical Geology (179) 93-111
Chemical and isotopic properties of water discharging from springs and wells in Shenandoah National Park (SNP), near the crest of the Blue Ridge Mountains, VA, USA were monitored to obtain information on groundwater residence times. Investigated time scales included seasonal (wet season, April, 1996; dry season, August–September, 1997), monthly (March...
Compound-specific carbon isotope analysis of a contaminant plume in Kingsford, Michigan, USA
R. L. Michel, S. R. Silva, B. Bemis, E.M. Godsy, E. Warren
2001, IAHS-AISH Publication 311-316
Compound-specific isotope analysis was used to study a contaminated site near Kingsford, Michigan, USA. Organic compounds at three of the sites studied had similar 13C values indicating that the contaminant source is the same for all sites. At a fourth site, chemical and 13C values had evolved due to microbial...
Effect of natural gas exsolution on specific storage in a confined aquifer undergoing water level decline
R. M. Yager, J.C. Fountain
2001, Ground Water (39) 517-525
The specific storage of a porous medium, a function of the compressibility of the aquifer material and the fluid within it, is essentially constant under normal hydrologic conditions. Gases dissolved in ground water can increase the effective specific storage of a confined aquifer, however, during water level declines. This causes...
Inter-annual changes in the benthic community structure of riffles and pools in reaches of contrasting gradient
J.L. Carter, S.V. Fend
2001, Hydrobiologia (459) 187-200
The inter-annual variation in the structure of the benthic community of riffles and pools was evaluated in contrasting geomorphic settings. The community structure of riffles and pools was a function of habitat, reach gradient, and discharge and was taxon specific. In years of below average peak discharge, riffles had higher...
