Mass collecting and the diet breadth model: A Great Basin example
D.B. Madsen, D.N. Schmitt
1998, Journal of Archaeological Science (25) 445-455
The energetic return rates of many small animal and plant resources are often density dependent. When these resources are collected in mass, change in abundance can dramatically affect diet rank, and challenges the assumption that return rates are generally correlated with body size. When mass collecting is employed, as a...
California Wildlife Habitat Relationships System: A test in coastal scrub and annual grassland habitats
J. A. Howell, R.H. Barrett
1998, California Fish and Game (84) 74-87
We tested predictions of the California Wildlife Habitat Relationships (CWHR) System in coastal scrub and annual grassland. We detected a total of 28 species of terrestrial vertebrates: 18 mammals, 9 reptiles, and 1 amphibian. The CWHR System prediction omitted 4 of these species: 3 domestic mammals and 1 reptile. For...
Aqueous infrared carboxylate absorbances: Aliphatic di-acids
S.E. Cabaniss, J.A. Leenheer, I.F. McVey
1998, Spectrochimica Acta - Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy (54) 449-458
Aqueous attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectra of 18 aliphatic di-carboxylic acids are reported as a function of pH. The spectra show isosbestic points and intensity changes which indicate that Beer's law is obeyed, and peak frequencies lie within previously reported ranges for aqueous carboxylates and...
Evolution of cutoffs across meander necks in Powder River, Montana, USA
G.R. Gay, H.H. Gay, W.H. Gay, H. A. Martinson, R.H. Meade, J. A. Moody
1998, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (23) 651-662
Over a period of several decades, gullies have been observed in various stages of forming, growing and completing the cutoff of meander necks in Powder River. During one episode of overbank flow, water flowing over the down-stream bank of the neck forms a headctu. The headcut migrates up-valley, forming a...
Guts don't fly: Small digestive organs in obese Bar-tailed Godwits
Theunis Piersma, Robert E. Gill Jr.
1998, The Auk (115) 196-203
We documented fat loads and abdominal organ sizes of Bar-tailed Godwits (Limosa lapponica baueri) that died after colliding against a radar dome on the Alaska Peninsula, most likely just after takeoff on a trans-Pacific flight of 11,000 km, and of birds of the same subspecies just before...
CRUST 5.1: A global crustal model at 5° x 5°
Walter D. Mooney, Gabi Laske, T. Guy Masters
1998, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (103) 727-747
We present a new global model for the Earth's crust based on seismic refraction data published in the period 1948-1995 and a detailed compilation of ice and sediment thickness. An extensive compilation of seismic refraction measurements has been used to determine the crustal structure on continents and their margins. Oceanic...
Trophic transfer of methyl mercury in the northern Florida Everglades
L.B. Cleckner, P.J. Garrison, J.P. Hurley, M.L. Olson, D. P. Krabbenhoft
1998, Biogeochemistry (40) 347-361
There are spatial differences in methyl mercury (MeHg) concentrations in biota in Water Conservation Areas 2 and 3 in the Everglades, with higher concentrations generally found in the southern areas. Fish and hemipterans had the most MeHg on a wet weight basis, with levels exceeding 30 ng g-1. The magnitude...
Review of magnetic field monitoring near active faults and volcanic calderas in California: 1974-1995
R.J. Mueller, M.J.S. Johnston
1998, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors (105) 131-144
Differential magnetic fields have been monitored along the San Andreas fault and the Long Valley caldera since 1974. At each monitoring location, proton precession magnetometers sample total magnetic field intensity at a resolution of 0.1 nT or 0.25 nT. Every 10 min, data samples are transmitted via satellite telemetry to...
Determination of Δσ and κ0 from response spectra of large earthquakes in Greece
B.N. Margaris, D.M. Boore
1998, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (88) 170-182
We fit an ω−2 model to response spectra from eight recent Greek earthquakes ranging in size from M = 5.8 to M = 6.9. The diminution parameter κ0 was determined for each site, with a value near 0.06 for a typical soil site. The stress parameter (Δσ) showed little variation from...
A borehole-to-surface electromagnetic survey
H.-W. Tseng, A. Becker, M.J. Wilt, M. Deszcz-Pan
1998, Geophysics (63) 1565-1572
The results of a limited field trial confirm the usefulness of borehole-to-surface electromagnetic (EM) measurements for monitoring fluid extraction. A vertical EM profiling experiment was done at the University of California Richmond Field Station, where we simulated a brine spill plume by creating a saline water injection zone at a...
Origin of a classic cratonic sheet sandstone: Stratigraphy across the Sauk II-Sauk III boundary in the Upper Mississippi Valley
Anthony C. Runkel, R.M. McKay, A. R. Palmer
1998, Geological Society of America Bulletin (110) 188-210
The origin of cratonic sheet sandstones of Proterozoic and early Paleozoic age has been a long-standing problem for sedimentologists. Lower Paleozoic strata in the Upper Mississippi Valley are best known for several such sandstone bodies, the regional depositional histories of which are poorly understood. We have combined outcrop and subsurface...
The hyporheic zone as a source of dissolved organic carbon and carbon gases to a temperate forested stream
J.E. Schindler, D. P. Krabbenhoft
1998, Biogeochemistry (43) 157-174
The objective of this study was to examine chemical changes in porewaters that occur over small scales (cm) as groundwater flows through the hyporheic zone and discharges to a stream in a temperate forest of northern Wisconsin. Hyporheic-zone porewaters were sampled at discrete depths of 2, 10, 15, 61, and...
Relationships between land uses and rainwater quality in a southcentral Pennsylvania watershed
R.H. Shertzer, D. W. Hall, S.A. Steffy, R.A. Kime
1998, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (34) 13-26
ABSTRACT: Spatial and temporal variability in rainfall concentrations of nutrients, major ions, and herbicides was monitored at 7 locations in or near the Conodoguinet Creek watershed in south-central Pennsylvania from 1991.1993. Results were used to (1) compare precipitation quality in forested, agricultural and urban areas, and (2) assess the practicality of...
Seasonal uranium distributions in the coastal waters off the Amazon and Mississippi Rivers
P.W. Swarzenski, B.A. McKee
1998, Estuaries (21) 379-390
The chemical reactivity of uranium was investigated across estuarine gradients from two of the world’s largest river systems: the Amazon and Mississippi. Concentrations of dissolved (<0.45 μm) uranium (U) were measured in surface waters of the Amazon shelf during rising (March 1990), flood (June 1990) and low (November 1991) discharge...
Assessing sediment toxicity from navigational pools of the Upper Mississippi River using a 28-day Hyalella azteca test
N.E. Kemble, E.L. Brunson, T.J. Canfield, F.J. Dwyer, C.G. Ingersoll
1998, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (35) 181-190
To assess the extent of sediment contamination in the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) system after the flood of 1993, sediment samples were collected from 24 of the 26 navigational pools in the river and from one site in the Saint Croix River in the summer of 1994. Whole-sediment tests were...
Solution of the advection-dispersion equation in two dimensions by a finite-volume Eulerian-Lagrangian localized adjoint method
Richard W. Healy, T.F. Russell
1998, Advances in Water Resources (21) 11-26
We extend the finite-volume Eulerian-Lagrangian localized adjoint method (FVELLAM) for solution of the advection-dispersion equation to two dimensions. The method can conserve mass globally and is not limited by restrictions on the size of the grid Peclet or Courant number. Therefore, it is well suited for solution of advection-dominated ground-water...
Microsatellites identify depredated waterfowl remains from glaucous gull stomachs
K.T. Scribner, Timothy D. Bowman
1998, Molecular Ecology (7) 1401-1405
Prey remains can provide valuable sources of information regarding causes of predation and the species composition of a predator's diet. Unfortunately, the highly degraded state of many prey samples from gastrointestinal tracts often precludes unambiguous identification. We describe a procedure by which PCR amplification of taxonomically informative microsatellite loci were...
Developmental geology of coalbed methane from shallow to deep in Rocky Mountain basins and in Cook Inlet-Matanuska Basin, Alaska, USA and Canada
R. C. Johnson, R. M. Flores
1998, International Journal of Coal Geology (35) 241-282
The Rocky Mountain basins of western North America contain vast deposits of coal of Cretaceous through early Tertiary age. Coalbed methane is produced in Rocky Mountain basins at depths ranging from 45 m (150 ft) to 1981 m (6500 ft) from coal of lignite to low-volatile bituminous rank. Although some...
Geological setting and petrogenesis of symmetrically zoned, miarolitic granitic pegmatites at Stak Nala, Nanga Parbat - Haramosh Massif, northern Pakistan
B.M. Laurs, J.H. Dilles, Y. Wairrach, A.B. Kausar, L.W. Snee
1998, Canadian Mineralogist (36) 1-47
Miarolitic granitic pegmatites in the Stak valley in the northeast part of the Nanga Parbat - Haramosh Massif, in northern Pakistan, locally contain economic quantities of bi- and tricolored tourmaline. The pegmatites form flat-lying sills that range from less than 1 m to more than 3 m thick and show...
Coalbed methane: from hazard to resource
R. M. Flores
1998, International Journal of Coal Geology (35) 3-26
Coalbed gas, which mainly consists of methane, has remained a major hazard affecting safety and productivity in underground coal mines for more than 100 yr. Coalbed gas emissions have resulted in outbursts and explosions where ignited by open lights, smoking or improper use of black blasting powder, and machinery operations....
Fish thymocyte viability, apoptosis and necrosis: In-vitro effects of organochlorine contaminants
Leonard I. Sweet, Dora R. Passino-Reader, Peter G. Meier, Geneva M. Omann
1998, Fish and Shellfish Immunology (8) 77-90
The thymus is believed to be a central component of haematopoiesis and immune function in teleosts. Hence, chemically-elicited adverse effects to the thymus may result in immunomodulation and organ dysfunction. The objective of this research was to assess the levels of active (apoptotic) and passive (necrotic) cell death in untreated...
Nonlethal evaluation of the physiological health of unionid mussels: Method for biopsy and glycogen analysis
T.J. Naimo, E.D. Damschen, R.G. Rada, E.M. Monroe
1998, Journal of the North American Benthological Society (17) 121-128
In long-lived unionid mussels, many short-term measures of growth are of limited value. Changes in physiological condition may be an early indication of stress, because the increased energy demand associated with stress often results in a depletion of glycogen reserves, the principal...
Size-selective predation on groundwater bacteria by nanoflagellates in an organic-contaminated aquifer
N.E. Kinner, R.W. Harvey, K. Blakeslee, G. Novarino, L.D. Meeker
1998, Applied and Environmental Microbiology (64) 618-625
Time series incubations were conducted to provide estimates for the size selectivities and rates of protistan grazing that may be occurring in a sandy, contaminated aquifer. The experiments involved four size classes of fluorescently labeled groundwater bacteria (FLB) and 2- to 3-μm-long nanoflagellates, primarily Spumella guttula(Ehrenberg) Kent,...
Seasonal and interannual variations of atmospheric CO2 and climate
M. D. Dettinger, M. Ghil
1998, Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology (50) 1-24
Interannual variations of atmospheric CO2 concentrations at Mauna Loa are almost masked by the seasonal cycle and a strong trend; at the South Pole, the seasonal cycle is small and is almost lost in the trend and interannual variations. Singular-spectrum analysis (SSA) is used here to isolate and reconstruct interannual signals...
Reproductive potential and fecundity of lake trout strains in southern and eastern waters of Lake Ontario, 1977-1994
Robert O’Gorman, Joseph H. Elrod, Clifford P. Schneider
1998, Journal of Great Lakes Research (24) 131-144
We assessed the reproductive potential of various genetic strains of hatchery lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in southern and eastern Lake Ontario from indices of fecundity and indices of male abundance. Indices were constructed from catches of mature lake trout in gill nets during September 1980 to 1994 after correcting for...
