Mississippi sandhill cranes
George F. Gee, Scott G. Hereford
Edward T. LaRoe, Gaye S. Farris, Catherine E. Puckett, Peter D. Doran, Michael J. Mac, editor(s)
1995, Book chapter, Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems
Resident sandhill cranes formed a continuous population in Georgia and Florida and widely separated populations along the Gulf Coastal Plain of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama (Figure). The Mississippi sandhill crane (Grus canadensis pulla) was one of the widely separated populations on the Coastal Plain that bred in pine savannas...
Gray wolves
L.D. Mech, D.H. Pletscher, C.J. Martinka
E.T. LaRoe, G.S. Farris, C.E. Puckett, P.D. Doran, M. J. Mac, editor(s)
1995, Book chapter, Our Living Resources: a report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems
Wolves and caribou in Denali National Park, Alaska
Layne G. Adams, L. David Mech
Edward T. LaRoe, Gaye S. Farris, Catherine E. Puckett, Peter D. Doran, Michael J. Mac, editor(s)
1995, Book chapter, Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems
Management of gray wolves (Canis lupus) and their prey in interior Alaska has been controversial for three decades (Harbo and Dean 1983). Recently, debate was rekindled with renewed interest in wolf control to bolster two populations of caribou (Rangifer tarandus). Our research in Denali National Park provides insights into the...
Non-native birds
C.S. Robbins
E.T. LaRoe, G.S. Farris, C.E. Puckett, P.D. Doran, M. J. Mac, editor(s)
1995, Book chapter, Our Living Resources: a report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems
Managing and monitoring birds using point counts: Standards and applications
C.J. Ralph, Sam Droege, J.R. Sauer
1995, Book chapter, Monitoring Bird Populations by Point Counts
Effects of sampling strategy, detection probability, and independence of counts on the use of point counts
G.W. Pendleton
C. John Ralph, John R. Sauer, Sam Droege, editor(s)
1995, Book chapter, Monitoring bird populations by point counts
Many factors affect the use of point counts for monitoring bird populations, including sampling strategies, variation in detection rates, and independence of sample points. The most commonly used sampling plans are stratified sampling, cluster sampling, and systematic sampling. Each of these might be most useful for different objectives...
Introduction
D. J. Hoffman, Barnett A. Rattner, G.A. Burton Jr., J. Cairns Jr.
David J. Hoffman, Barnett A. Rattner, G. Allen Burton Jr., John Cairns Jr., editor(s)
1995, Book chapter, Handbook of Ecotoxicology
Population modeling and its role in toxicological studies
John R. Sauer, Grey W. Pendleton
David J. Hoffman, Barnett A. Rattner, G. Allen Burton Jr., John Cairns Jr., editor(s)
1995, Book chapter, Handbook of ecotoxicology
A model could be defined as any abstraction from reality that is used to provide some insight into the real system. In this discussion, we will use a more specific definition that a model is a set of rules or assumptions, expressed as mathematical equations, that describe how animals survive...
Ecotoxicological damage from zinc smelting at Palmerton, Pennsylvania
W. Nelson Beyer, Gerald L. Storm
David J. Hoffman, Barnett A. Rattner, G. Allen Burton Jr., John Cairns Jr., editor(s)
1995, Book chapter, Handbook of ecotoxicology
The two zinc smelters at Palmerton, PA emitted huge amounts of contaminants ( 260,000 t of Zn, 3,300 t of Cd, 6,800 t of Pb) to the air and severely damaged the forest on Blue Mountain. The high Zn concentrations in soil killed tree seedlings by inhibiting root elongation. The...
Agricultural drainwater effects on wildlife in central California
Harry M. Ohlendorf, Roger L. Hothem
David J. Hoffman, Barnett A. Rattner, G. Allen Burton Jr., John Cairns Jr., editor(s)
1995, Book chapter, Handbook of ecotoxicology
In California's San Joaquin Valley and in numerous other agricultural areas in the western U.S., irrigation wastewater may accumulate in confined shallow aquifers, eventually rising to levels that adversely affect crops. To sustain long-term agricultural productivity in these regions, systems for the drainage and disposal of this subsurface wastewater must...
Ecological and toxicological aspects of the partial meltdown of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant reactor
Ronald Eisler
David J. Hoffman, Barnett A. Rattner, G. Allen Burton Jr., John Cairns Jr., editor(s)
1995, Book chapter, Handbook of ecotoxicology
the partial meltdown of the 1000-MW reactor at Chernobyl, Ukraine, on April 26, 1986, released large amounts of radiocesium and other radionuclides into the environment, causing widespread radioactive contamination of Europe and the former Soviet Union.1-7 At least 3,000,000 trillion becquerels (TBq) were released from the fuel during the accident...
Avian reproductive physiology
G.F. Gee
Edward F. = Gibbons = Jr., Barbara S. Durrant, Jack Demarest, editor(s)
1995, Book chapter, Conservation of Endangered Species in Captivity: An Interdisciplinary Approach
Knowledge of the many physiological factors associated with egg production , fertility, incubation, and brooding in nondomestic birds is limited. Science knows even less about reproduction in most of the 238 endangered or threatened birds. This discussion uses studies of nondomestic and, when necessary, domestic birds to describe physiological control...
Electroplating wastes in marine environments: A case history at Quonset Point, Rhode Island
Ronald Eisler
David J. Hoffman, Barnett A. Rattner, G. Allen Burton Jr., John Cairns Jr., editor(s)
1995, Book chapter, Handbook of ecotoxicology
All U.S. Navy electroplating and metal-finishing wastes are now required to pass through industrial-wastewater treatment plants and other treatment facilities for the removal of heavy metals and other potentially hazardous materials. In 1984 a total of 235,191 metric tons (t) of electroplating and metal-finishing wastes from 70 U.S. Navy installations...
Mapping of bird distributions from point count surveys
J.R. Sauer, G.W. Pendleton, Sandra Orsillo
C.J. Ralph, J.R. Sauer, Sam Droege, editor(s)
1995, Book chapter, Monitoring Bird Populations by Point Counts.
Maps generated from bird survey data are used for a variety of scientific purposes, but little is known about their bias and precision. We review methods for preparing maps from point count data and appropriate sampling methods for maps based on point counts. Maps based on point counts...
Environmental factors affecting contaminant toxicity in aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates
Barnett A. Rattner, Alan G. Heath
David J. Hoffman, Barnett A. Rattner, G. Allen Burton Jr., John Cairns Jr., editor(s)
1995, Book chapter, Handbook of ecotoxicology
Environmental factors have long been demonstrated to influence the toxicity of pollutants to vertebrates. The vast majority of data has been derived from studies on fish, highly inbred laboratory rodents, and man.1,2 The magnitude and significance of these factors on toxicity has almost exclusively been elucidated in controlled experiments conducted...
Petroleum and individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Peter H. Albers
David J. Hoffman, Barnett A. Rattner, G. Allen Burton Jr., John Cairns Jr., editor(s)
1995, Book chapter, Handbook of Ecotoxicology
Crude petroleum, refined-petroleum products, and individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contained within petroleum are found throughout the world. their presence has been detected in living and nonliving components of ecosystems. Petroleum can be an environmental hazard for wild animals and plants. Individual PAHs are also hazardous to wildlife, but they...
Organochlorine pesticides
Lawrence J. Blus
David J. Hoffman, Barnett A. Rattner, G. Allen Burton Jr., John Cairns Jr., editor(s)
1995, Book chapter, Handbook of ecotoxicology
the discovery of the insecticidal properties of DDT, which led to its subsequent use in pest control,w as hailed as a tremendous scientiffic achievement. Initial success with DDT in controlling human health pests during World War II, and subsequent success in agricultural pest control, stimulated the synthesis and development of...
Organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides
Elwood F. Hill
David J. Hoffman, Barnett A. Rattner, G. Allen Burton Jr., John Cairns Jr., editor(s)
1995, Book chapter, Handbook of Ecotoxicology
Organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides are used throughout the world to control a large variety of insects and other invertebrates, fungi, birds, mammals, and herbaceous plants. Over 100 different organophosphorus and carbamate chemicals are registered in the U.S. alone for use in thousands of products applied to widely diverse habitats including...
Bioindicators used in aquatic and terrestrial monitoring
Mark J. Melancon
David J. Hoffman, Barnett A. Rattner, G. Allen Burton Jr., John Cairns Jr., editor(s)
1995, Book chapter, Handbook of ecotoxicology
There are many different types of contaminants present in the environment ranging from synthetic chemicals, which would not be present in the environment without man's intervention, to trace metals that are required for life. Concerns range from possible harmful effects on flora and fauna to possible harm to humans consuming...
Making sense of soil ecotoxicology
W. Nelson Beyer, Greg L. Linder
David J. Hoffman, Barnett A. Rattner, G. Allen Burton Jr., John Cairns Jr., editor(s)
1995, Book chapter, Handbook of ecotoxicology
The toxicity of pesticides and environmental contaminants to soil organisms has been measured in studies on earthworms,1 soil arthropods,3-6 soil microorganisms,7 and other soil organisms.8 Toxicity data on earthworms produced in the pesticide registration...
Wildlife toxicity testing
David J. Hoffman
David J. Hoffman, Barnett A. Rattner, G. Allen Burton Jr., John Cairns Jr., editor(s)
1995, Book chapter, Handbook of ecotoxicology
Reports of anthropogenic environmental contaminants affecting free-ranging wildlife first began to accumulate during the Industrial Revolution of the 1850s. early reports included cases of arsenic and lead shot ingestion, and industrial smokestack emission toxicity. One early report described the death of fallow deer (Dama dama) due to arsenic emissions from...
Puerto Rican parrots and potential limitations of the metapopulation approach to species conservation
M.H. Wilson, C. B. Kepler, N.F.R. Snyder, S.R. Derrickson, F. J. Dein, J. W. Wiley, J.M. Wunderle Jr., A.E. Lugo, D.L. Graham, W.D. Toone
David Ehrenfeld, editor(s)
1995, Book chapter, Genes, Populations, and Species. Readings from Conservation Biology
Puerto Rican parrots
J. Michael Meyers
Edward T. LaRoe, Gaye S. Farris, Catherine E. Puckett, Peter D. Doran, Michael J. Mac, editor(s)
1995, Book chapter, Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems
Since the arrival of Columbus in Puerto Rico, the Taino Indian has disappeared and the parrot has just barely survived (Wadsworth 1949; Snyder et al. 1987). The Puerto Rican parrot (Amazona vittata) had shared its habitat with the peaceful Taino Indians for centuries before the arrival of European settlers in...
Waterfowl population trends in the Chesapeake Bay area
Matthew C. Perry, A.S. Deller
Paula Hill, Steve Nelson, editor(s)
1995, Book chapter, Proceedings of the 1994 Chesapeake Research Conference. Toward a Sustainable Watershed: The Chesapeake Experiment
Oil, biological communities and contingency planning
P.H. Albers
Lynne Frink, Katherine Ball-Weir, Charlotte Smith, editor(s)
1995, Book chapter, Wildlife and Oil Spills: Response, Research, and Contingency Planning
The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 mandates the inclusion of a fish and wildlife response plan in the National Contingency Plan (NCP) and the creation of Area Committees that must develop an Area Contingency Plan (ACP). Area Contingency Plans must include a detailed annex containing a Fish and Wildlife...
