Eye abnormalities of lake trout exposed to gas supersaturation
W. F. Krise, R. A. Smith
1993, Progressive Fish-Culturist (55) 177-179
Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) reared for 1 year at six levels of differential (excess) gas pressure (▵P 4, 17, 33, 43, 58, and 75 mm Hg above equilibrium) were examined for incidences of eye abnormalities including nuclear cataracts, hemorrhages, corneal swelling, cloudiness, rupture, and loss of eyes. Frequencies of nuclear...
Sand boils without earthquakes
T.L. Holzer, M. M. Clark
1993, Geology (21) 873-876
Sedimentary deformation caused by liquefaction has become a popular means for inferring prehistoric strong earthquakes. In this report, we describe a new mechanism for generating such features in the absence of earthquakes. Sand boils and a 180-m-long sand dike formed in Fremont Valley,...
Method of estimating the amount of in situ gas hydrates in deep marine sediments
Myung W. Lee, D. R. Hutchinson, William P. Dillon, J. J. Miller, Warren F. Agena, B.A. Swift
1993, Marine and Petroleum Geology (10) 493-506
The bulk volume of gas hydrates in marine sediments can be estimated by measuring interval velocities and amplitude blanking of hydrated zones from true amplitude processed multichannel seismic reflection data. In general, neither velocity nor amplitude information is adequate to independently estimate hydrate concentration. A method is proposed that uses...
Reference surfaces for bridge scour depths
Mark N. Landers, David S. Mueller
Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng, editor(s)
1993, Conference Paper, Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering
Depth of scour is measured as the vertical distance between scoured channel geometry and a measurement reference surface. A scour depth measurement can have a wide range depending on the method used to establish the reference surface. A consistent method to establish reference surfaces for bridge scour measurements is needed...
Spectral Distinctions between the Leading and Trailing Hemispheres of Callisto: New Observations
W. M. Calvin, R. N. Clark
1993, Icarus (104) 69-78
An analysis of recent telescopic observations of Callisto results in new insights regarding spectral variations from the leading to the trailing hemisphere of Callisto. Examination of data in the wavelength range from 2.0 to 2.5 ??m indicates that previous suggestions of spectral differences are most likely the result of experimental...
Seismic tomography; theory and practice
H.M. Iver, Kazuro Hirahara
1993, Book
Although highly theoretical and computer-orientated, seismic tomography has created spectacular images of anomolies within the Earth with dimensions of thousands of kilometers to few tens of meters. These images have enabled Earth scientists working on diverse areas to attack fundamental problems relating to the deep dynamical processes within our planet....
Red River of the North Basin, Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota
Jeffrey D. Stoner, David L. Lorenz, Gregg J. Wiche, Robert M. Goldstein
1993, Water Resources Bulletin (29) 575-615
This report describes the physical, chemical, and aquatic-biological characteristics that could affect regional water quality in the Red River of the North study unit. These characteristics define the overall environmental setting of the study unit. This report provides base line and historical information for future reports that will address specific...
A brief history of the American radium industry and its ties to the scientific community of its early twentieth century
E. R. Landa
1993, Environment International (19) 503-508
Federally funded remedial action projects are presently underway in New Jersey and Colorado at sites containing 226Ra and other radionuclides from radium-uranium ore extraction plants that operated during the early twentieth century. They are but the latest chapter in the story of an American industry that emerged and perished in...
Assessing the paradigm of mutually exclusive erosion and deposition of mud, with examples from upper Chesapeake Bay
L.P. Sanford, J.P. Halka
1993, Marine Geology (114) 37-57
A paradigm of cohesive sediment transport research is that erosion and deposition are mutually exclusive. Many laboratory studies have shown that there is a velocity/stress threshold below which erosion does not occur and a lower threshold above which deposition does not occur....
Trace metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn) and nutrients in coastal waters adjacent to San Francisco Bay, California
A. VanGeen, Samuel N. Luoma
1993, Estuaries (16) 559-566
Samples collected in December 1990 and July 1991 show that dissolved Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn distributions in the Gulf of the Farallones are dominated by mixing of two end-members: (1) metal-enriched San Francisco Bay water and (2) offshore California Current water. The range of dissolved metal concentrations observed is...
Development of the 1990 Kalapana Flow Field, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii
T. N. Mattox, C. Heliker, J. Kauahikaua, K. Hon
1993, Bulletin of Volcanology (55) 407-413
The 1990 Kalapana flow field is a complex patchwork of tube-fed pahoehoe flows erupted from the Kupaianaha vent at a low effusion rate (approximately 3.5 m3/s). These flows accumulated over an 11-month period on the coastal plain of Kilauea Volcano, where the pre-eruption slope angle was less than 2??. the...
Sharpness of upper-mantle discontinuities determined from high-frequency reflections
H.M. Benz, J.E. Vidale
1993, Nature (365)
AN understanding of the nature of seismic discontinuities in the Earth's upper mantle is important for understanding mantle processes: in particular, the amplitude and sharpness of these discontinuities are critical for assessing models of upper-mantle phase changes and chemical layering. So far, seismic studies aimed at determining the thickness and...
Distribution and significance of dicarboxylic acid anions in oil field waters
Y.K. Kharaka, G. Ambats, J.J. Thordsen
1993, Chemical Geology (107) 499-501
No abstract available....
Sulfur isotope and porewater geochemistry of Florida escarpment seep sediments
J. P. Chanton, C.S. Martens, C. K. Paull, J.A. Coston
1993, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (57) 1253-1266
Distributions of porewater constituents, SO4=, NH4+, Cl−, ∑CO2, and H2S, solid phase iron, and sulfur concentrations, and the sulfur isotopic composition of dissolved and solid phases were investigated in sediments from abyssal seeps at the base of the Florida escarpment. Despite the apparent similarity of seep sediment porewater chemistry to...
Comparison of plasmids isolated from Romet-30-resistant Edwardsiella ictaluri and tribrissen-resistant Escherichia coli
R.K. Cooper, C. E. Starliper, E. B. Shotts Jr., P.W. Taylor
1993, Journal of Aquatic Animal Health (5) 9-15
Edwardsiella ictaluri, the etiological agent of enteric septicemia of channel catfish (ESC) is the leading cause of bacterial disease in commercially raised channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. The only drug approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use against ESC is Romet-30. Recently, several isolates were...
Gas hydrates from the continental slope, offshore Sakhalin Island, Okhotsk Sea
G.D. Ginsburg, V.A. Soloviev, R.E. Cranston, T.D. Lorenson, K.A. Kvenvolden
1993, Geo-Marine Letters (13) 41-48
Ten gas-vent fields were discovered in the Okhotsk Sea on the northeast continental slope offshore from Sakhalin Island in water depths of 620-1040 m. At one vent field, estimated to be more than 250 m across, gas hydrates, containing mainly microbial methane (??13C = -64.3???), were recovered from subbottom depths...
Geologic research in support of sustainable agriculture
L. P. Gough, J. R. Herring
1993, Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment (46) 55-68
The importance and role of the geosciences in studies of sustainable agriculture include such traditional research areas as, agromineral resource assessments, the mapping and classification of soils and soil amendments, and the evaluation of landscapes for their vulnerability to physical and chemical degradation. Less traditional areas of study, that are...
An in vitro technique for surveying immunostimulants in fish
G. Jeney, Douglas P. Anderson
1993, Aquaculture (112) 283-287
In vitro assays were developed to investigate the effects of immunostimulants on leukocytes in spleen sections of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish spleens were divided, and individual sections were placed in 10 ml of tissue culture media and 0.1, 1, 10, or 100 μg/ml dilutions of Levamisole, QAC (quaternary ammonium...
Reproductive characteristics of a population of the washboard mussel Megalonaias nervosa (Rafinesque 1820) in the upper Mississippi River
C.A. Woody, L. Holland-Bartels
1993, Journal of Freshwater Ecology (8) 57-66
We examined monthly and age-specific gametogenic development of the washboard mussel, Megalonaias nervosa, from April 1986 to March 1987 in navigation Pool 10 of the upper Mississippi River. We found M. nervosa to be a late tachytictic breeder. Female marsupia contained eggs or glochidia primarily from August (17°C) through October (9°C)....
In vitro antigen trapping by gill cells of the rainbow trout: an immunohistochemical study
M. Torroba, D. P. Anderson, O. W. Dixon, F. Casares, A. Varas, L. Alonso, M. Gomez del Moral, A.G. Zapata
1993, Histology and Histopathology (8) 363-367
Management and analysis of water-use data using a geographic information system
K. E. Juracek, J. F. Kenny
1993, Water Resources Bulletin (29) 973-979
As part of its mission, the U.S. Geological Survey conducts water-resources research. Site-specific and aggregate water-use data are used in the Survey's National Water-Use Information Program and in various hydrologic investigations. Both types of activities have specific requirements in terms of water-use data access, analysis, and display. In Kansas, the...
Three dimensional images of geothermal systems: local earthquake P-wave velocity tomography at the Hengill and Krafla geothermal areas, Iceland, and The Geysers, California
B.R. Julian, A. Prisk, G.R. Foulger, J.R. Evans
Anon, editor(s)
1993, Conference Paper, Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council
Local earthquake tomography - the use of earthquake signals to form a 3-dimensional structural image - is now a mature geophysical analysis method, particularly suited to the study of geothermal reservoirs, which are often seismically active and severely laterally inhomogeneous. Studies have been conducted of the Hengill (Iceland), Krafla (Iceland)...
2.8-Ma ash-flow caldera at Chegem River in the northern Caucasus Mountains (Russia), contemporaneous granites, and associated ore deposits
P. W. Lipman, O.A. Bogatikov, A.A. Tsvetkov, C. Gazis, A.G. Gurbanov, K. Hon, N.V. Koronovsky, V.I. Kovalenko, P. Marchev
1993, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (57) 85-124
Diverse latest Pliocene volcanic and plutonic rocks in the north-central Caucasus Mountains of southern Russia are newly interpreted as components of a large caldera system that erupted a compositionally zoned rhyolite-dacite ash-flow sheet at 2.83 ?? 0.02 Ma (sanidine and biotite 40Ar/39Ar). Despite its location within a cratonic collision zone,...
Composition of steam in the system NaCl-KCl-H2O-quartz at 600°C
Robert O. Fournier, J. Michael Thompson
1993, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (57) 4365-4375
In the system NaCl-KCl-H2O, with and without ??-quartz present, steam was equilibrated in a large-volume reaction vessel with brine and/or precipitated salt at 600??C and pressures ranging from about 100 to 0.4 MPa. Episodically, steam was extracted for chemical analysis, accompanied by a decrease in pressure within the reaction vessel....
Geologic and hydrologic hazards in glacierized basins in North America resulting from 19th and 20th century global warming
J. E. O’Connor, J. E. Costa
1993, Natural Hazards (8) 121-140
Alpine glacier retreat resulting from global warming since the close of the Little Ice Age in the 19th and 20th centuries has increased the risk and incidence of some geologic and hydrologic hazards in mountainous alpine regions of North America. Abundant loose debris in recently deglaciated areas at the toe...
