Lake-size variations in the Lahontan and Bonneville basins between 13,000 and 9000 14C yr B.P
L. Benson, D. Currey, Y. Lao, S. Hostetler
1992, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (95) 19-32
Recessions of Lakes Lahontan and Bonneville that commenced ∼13,500 14C yr B.P. were interrupted at ⪖11,500 14C yr B.P. in the Lahontan basin and ∼12,200 14C yr B.P. in the Bonneville basin by relatively large perturbations in lake level that persisted for ∼ 2000 years. Minor glacial readvances in the Sierra Nevada and...
Chronologic evidence for multiple periods of loess deposition during the Late Pleistocene in the Missouri and Mississippi River Valley, United States: Implications for the activity of the Laurentide ice sheet
S.L. Forman, E. Arthur Bettis III, T.J. Kemmis, B.B. Miller
1992, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (93) 71-83
The loess stratigraphy of the mid-continental U.S. is an important proxy record for the activity of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in North America. One of the most outstanding problems is deciphering the age of loess deposits in this area during the late Pleistocene. Radiocarbon dating of snails and thermoluminescence dating...
Setting and occurrence of Late Paleozoic radiolarians in the Sylvester allochthon, part of a proto-Pacific ocean floor terrane in the Canadian Cordillera
T.A. Harms, B.L. Murchey
1992, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (96) 127-139
Late Paleozoic radiolarians have been used to establish th allochthon of the Slide Mountain terrane in British Columbia, and have thereby greatly clarified the geology and tectonic history of the terrane. As the Sylvester radiolarian fauna is limited, age assignments were based on a few distinctive and diagnostic robust forms....
Pliocene and Pleistocene geologic and climatic evolution in the San Luis Valley of south-central Colorado
K.L. Rogers, E.E. Larson, G. Smith, D. Katzman, G.R. Smith, T. Cerling, Y. Wang, R. G. Baker, K.C. Lohmann, C.A. Repenning, P. Patterson, G. Mackie
1992, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (94) 55-86
Sediments of the Alamosa Formation spanning the upper part of the Gauss and most of the Matuyama Chrons were recovered by coring in the high (2300 m) San Luis Valley of south-central Colorado. The study site is located at the northern end of the Rio Grande rift. Lithologic changes in...
The "terminal Triassic catastrophic extinction event" in perspective: A review of carboniferous through Early Jurassic terrestrial vertebrate extinction patterns
R.E. Weems
1992, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (94) 1-29
A catastrophic terminal Triassic extinction event among terrestrial vertebrates is not supported by available evidence. The current model for such an extinction is based on at least eight weak or untenable assumptions: (1) a terminal Triassic extinction-inducing asteroid impact occurred, (2) a terminal Triassic synchronous mass extinction of terrestrial vertebrates...
A-type granite and the Red Sea opening
Robert G. Coleman, Susan DeBari, Zell E. Peterman
1992, Tectonophysics (204) 27-40
Miocene-Oligocene A-type granite intrudes the eastern side of the Red Sea margin within the zone of extension from Jiddah, Saudi Arabia south to Yemen. The intrusions developed in the early stages of continental extension as Arabia began to move slowly away from Africa (around 30–20 Ma). Within the narrow zone...
The international seismological observing period in Africa
E.R. Engdahl, Eric A. Bergman
1992, Tectonophysics (209) 1-16
The International Seismological Observing Period (ISOP) is a specific time interval designated for enhanced international cooperation in the collection and dissemination of observatory measurements from the global seismographic network. The primary purpose of the ISOP is to strengthen the international infrastructure that supports current seismological practice and increase the cooperation...
Geology of the d'Entrecasteaux-New Hebrides arc collision zone: Results from a deep submersible survey
J.-Y. Collot, S. Lallemand, B. Pelletier, J.-P. Bissen, G. Glacon, M. A. Fisher, H. Gary Greene, J. Boulin, J. Daniel, M. Monzier
1992, Tectonophysics (212) 213-241
During the SUBPSO1 cruise, seven submersible dives were conducted between water depths of 5350 and 900 m over the collision zone between the New Hebrides island arc and the d'Entrecasteaux Zone (DEZ). The DEZ, a topographic high on the Australian plate, encompasses...
Distribution and characteristics of a Middle Ordovician oolitic ironstone in northeastern Kansas based on petrographic and petrophysical properties: A Laurasian ironstone case study
P. Berendsen, J.H. Doveton, S. Speczik
1992, Sedimentary Geology (76) 207-219
The margins of Gondwana are generally considered to be the major sites of oolitic ironstone production during the Ordovician, and appear to be linked with global eustatic sea-level rise. Occurrences of oolitic ironstones within the North American craton are less well documented, but provide important supplementary data. The low latitude...
Charnockites and granites of the western Adirondacks, New York, USA: A differentiated A-type suite
P.R. Whitney
1992, Precambrian Research (57) 1-19
Granitic rocks in the west-central Adirondack Highlands of New York State include both relatively homogeneous charnockitic and hornblende granitic gneisses (CG), that occur in thick stratiform bodies and elliptical domes, and heterogeneous leucogneisses (LG), that commonly are interlayered with metasedimentary rocks. Major- and trace-element geochemical analyses were obtained for 115...
Speculations on the origin of the North American Midcontinent rift
W.F. Cannon, W. J. Hinze
1992, Tectonophysics (213) 49-55
The Midcontinent rift is an example of lithospheric extension and flood basalt volcanism induced when a new mantle plume arrived near the base of the lithosphere. Very large volumes of basaltic magma were generated and partly erupted before substantial lithospheric extension began. Volcanism continued, along with extension and deep rift...
The Midcontinent rift in the Lake Superior region with emphasis on its geodynamic evolution
W.F. Cannon
1992, Tectonophysics (213) 41-48
The Midcontinent rift is a Middle Proterozoic continental rift which records about 15 m.y. of extension, subsidence, and voluminous volcanism in the period 1109–1094 Ma in the central part of North America. During that time the crust was nearly totally separated and as much as 25 km of subaerial basalts...
The nature of Archean terrane boundaries: An example from the northern Wyoming Province
D.W. Mogk, P.A. Mueller, J. L. Wooden
1992, Precambrian Research (55) 155-168
The Archean northern Wyoming Province can be subdivided into two geologically distinct terranes, the Beartooth-Bighorn magmatic terrane (BBMT) and the Montana metasedimentary terrane (MMT). The BBMT is characterized by voluminous Late Archean (2.90-2.74 Ga) magmatic rocks (primarily tonalite, trondhjemite, and granite); metasedimentary rocks are preserved only as small, rare enclaves...
Earthquake nucleation on faults with rate-and state-dependent strength
James H. Dieterich
1992, Tectonophysics (211) 115-134
Faults with rate- and state-dependent constitutive properties reproduce a range of observed fault slip phenomena including spontaneous nucleation of slip instabilities at stresses above some critical stress level and recovery of strength following slip instability. Calculations with a plane-strain fault model with spatially varying properties demonstrate that accelerating slip precedes...
The change in orientation of subsidiary shears near faults containing pore fluid under high pressure
J. Byerlee
1992, Tectonophysics (211) 295-303
The mechanical effects of a fault containing near-lithostatic fluid pressure in which fluid pressure decreases monotonically from the core of the fault zone to the adjacent country rock is considered. This fluid pressure distribution has mechanical implications for the orientation of subsidiary shears around a fault. Analysis shows that the...
Beach-ridge development and lake-level variation in southern Lake Michigan
T.A. Thompson
1992, Sedimentary Geology (80) 305-318
The most accurate source of information on lake-level fluctuations in the Great Lakes is the historical record from lake-level gauges. Although it can be semiquantitatively extended back into the late 1700's, the historical record is too short to recognize long-term patterns of lake-level behavior. To extend the historical record, information...
Two-temperature method for measuring emissivity
K. Watson
1992, Remote Sensing of Environment (42) 117-121
Spectral emissivity can be uniquely determined from radiance measurements if the object can be observed at two different temperatures. The advantage of this approach is that the spectral emissivity is determined without a priori assumptions about spectral shape. Because the different temperatures are obtained by observing the scene at two...
Spectral ratio method for measuring emissivity
K. Watson
1992, Remote Sensing of Environment (42) 113-116
The spectral ratio method is based on the concept that although the spectral radiances are very sensitive to small changes in temperature the ratios are not. Only an approximate estimate of temperature is required thus, for example, we can determine the emissivity ratio to an accuracy of 1% with a...
Relationships between sliding behavior and internal geometry of laboratory fault zones and some creeping and locked strike-slip faults of California
Diane E. Moore, J. Byerlee
1992, Tectonophysics (211) 305-316
In order to relate fault geometries to sliding behavior, maps of recently active breaks within the Hayward fault of central California, which is characterized by fault creep, have been examined and compared to maps of the San Andreas fault. The patterns of recent breaks of the Hayward fault are consistent...
An evaluation of installation methods for STS-1 seismometers
L. Gary Holcomb, Charles R. Hutt
1992, Open-File Report 92-302
This report documents the results of a series of experiments conducted by the authors at the Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory (ASl) during the spring and summer of 1991; the object of these experiments was to obtain and document quantitative performance comparisons of three methods of installing STS-1 seismometers. Historically, ASL has...
Change-in-ratio
Mark S. Udevitz
Abdel H. El-Shaarawi, Walter W. Piegorsch, editor(s)
1992, Book chapter, Encyclopedia of Environmetrics, volume 1
Change-in-ratio (CIR) methods are used to estimate parameters for ecological populations subject to differential removals from population subclasses. Subclasses can be defined according to criteria such as sex, age, or size of individuals. Removals are generally in the form of closely monitored sport or commercial harvests. Estimation is based on...
Report on the U.S. Geological Survey's evaluation program for standard reference samples distributed in April 1992 :T-119 (trace constituents), M-122 (major constituents), N-34 (nutrients), N-35 (nutrients), Hg-14 (mercury)
H.K. Long, J.W. Farrar
1992, Open-File Report 92-164
Fact sheet: glaciers on Mount Rainier
Carolyn L. Driedger
1992, Open-File Report 92-474
Geology of Keweenawan Supergroup Rocks near the Porcupine Mountains, Ontonagon and Gogebic Counties, Michigan
William F. Cannon, Suzanne W. Nicholson, Cheryl A. Hedgman, Laurel G. Woodruff, Klaus J. Schul
1992, Conference Paper, Institute on Lake Superior Geology, proceedings of the 38th annual meeting
This field trip examines the geology of rocks of the Keweenawan Supergroup (1 .1 Ga) and related intrusive rocks of the Midcontinent rift system (MRS) in the western part of the northern peninsula of Michigan. The combination of stops includes all formations of the Keweenawan Supergroup in this region. Examination...
Control of avian influenza: Philosophy and perspectives on behalf of migratory birds
Milton Friend
1992, Avian Diseases (47) 393-399
Aquatic birds are considered the primary reservoir for influenza A viruses (Nettles et al., 1987). However, there is little concern about avian influenza among conservation agencies responsible for the welfare of those species. IN contrast, the poultry industry has great concern about avian influenza and view aquatic birds as a...
