Competition for food between crayfish (Orconectes virilis) and the slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus)
John E. Miller, Jacqueline F. Savino, Robert K. Neely
1992, Journal of Freshwater Ecology (7) 127-136
Interspecific competition for a food resource (fish eggs) was examined in a laboratory setting between two common benthic organisms of the Great Lakes, the slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) and crayfish (Orconectes virilis). In monospecific tests, the median egg predation in aquarium microcosms ranged from 2.5 eggs/d for the...
Development of ground-water vulnerability database for the U.S. Environmental protection agency's hazard ranking system using a geographic information system
John S. Clarke, Jerry W. Sorensen, Henry G. Strickland, George Collins
1992, Conference Paper, ASTM Special Technical Publication
Geographic information system (GIS) methods were applied to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) hazard ranking system (HRS) to evaluate the vulnerability of ground water to contamination from actual or potential releases of hazardous materials from waste-disposal sites. Computerized maps of four factors influencing ground-water vulnerability - hydraulic conductivity, sorptive...
Cross-boundary issues for National Parks: What works "on the ground."
M. Buechner, C. Schonewald-Cox, R. Sauvajot, B. Wilcox
1992, Environmental Management (16) 799-809
In recent years, cross-boundary management has become an essential part of park management. In this article we compare the perspectives of managers of several US national parks to the advice on this issue presented in the published literature. Data were obtained from interviews of the superintendents,...
Measurement of filtration rates by infaunal bivalves in a recirculating flume
B.E. Cole, J.K. Thompson, J. E. Cloern
1992, Marine Biology (113) 219-225
A flume system and protocol for measuring the filtration rate of infaunal bivalves is described. Assemblages of multi-sized clams, at natural densities and in normal filter-feeding positions, removed phytoplankton suspended in a unidirectional flow of water. The free-stream velocity and friction velocity of the flow, and bottom roughness height were...
Computer Monte Carlo simulation in quantitative resource estimation
D. H. Root, W. D. Menzie, W.A. Scott
1992, Nonrenewable Resources (1) 125-138
The method of making quantitative assessments of mineral resources sufficiently detailed for economic analysis is outlined in three steps. The steps are (1) determination of types of deposits that may be present in an area, (2) estimation of the numbers of deposits of the permissible deposit types, and (3) combination...
Reduction of uranium by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans
Derek R. Lovley, Elizabeth J.P. Phillips
1992, Applied and Environmental Microbiology (58) 850-856
The possibility that sulfate-reducing microorganisms contribute to U(VI) reduction in sedimentary environments was investigated. U(VI) was reduced to U(IV) when washed cells of sulfate-grown Desulfovibrio desulfuricans were suspended in a bicarbonate buffer with lactate or H2 as the electron donor. There was no U(VI) reduction in the absence of an...
Determination of hatching date for eggs of black-crowned night-herons, snowy egrets and great egrets
T. W. Custer, G.W. Pendleton, R.W. Roach
1992, Journal of Field Ornithology (63) 145-154
Floatation of eggs in water and specific gravity of eggs of Black-crowned Night-Herons (Nycticorax nycticorax ), Snowy Egrets (Egretta thula ) and Great Egrets (Casmerodius albus ) were evaluated as methods to determine date of hatching. Although specific gravity was a better predictor of hatching date than egg...
Role of microbial processes in linking sandstone diagenesis with organic-rich clays
P.B. McMahon, F. H. Chapelle, W. F. Falls, P. M. Bradley
1992, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (62) 1-10
Numerous chemical reactions within clay sequences have been proposed to produce dissolved material for diagenesis of deeply-buried sands. However, reactions responsible for solubilizing inorganic and organic constituents in clays at intermediate depths, and their importance to sandstone diagenesis, have not been evaluated. Results...
Survey of non-charter boat recreational fishing in the U.S. Virgin Islands
Cecil A. Jennings
1992, Bulletin of Marine Science (50) 342-351
A telephone survey was conducted by the U.S. Virgin Islands Division of Fish and Wildlife from July- September 1986 to evaluate the efficacy of telephone surveys as a sampling technique for obtaining reliable fisheries data, and to collect fisheries data for the recreational non-charter boat fishery around the Virgin...
Sources of nitrogen and phosphorus to Northern San Francisco Bay
S.W. Hager, L. E. Schemel
1992, Estuaries (15) 40-52
We studied nutrient sources to the Sacramento River and Suisun Bay (northern San Francisco Bay) and the influence which these sources have on the distributions of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in the river and bay. We found that agricultural return flow drains and a...
Geochemistry and origin of the Bald Knob manganese deposit, North Carolina
M.J.K. Flohr
1992, Economic Geology (87) 2023-2040
Geochemical and textural evidence for the submarine hydrothermal origin of the Bald Knob Mn deposit, North Carolina, is preserved in a mineralogically diverse suite of rocks that have experienced amphibolite facies metamorphism. Manganese- and Mn-Fe-rich lithologies have high Mn/Fe ratios and low concentrations of Ni, Cu, Zn, U, Th, and...
Dioctahedral smectite reactions at elevated temperatures: Effects of K-availability, Na/K ratio and ionic strength
Gene Whitney
1992, Applied Clay Science (7) 97-112
Hydrothermal experiments were conducted to measure the effects of K availability, Na/K ratio and ionic strength in chloride solutions on the rate and extent of the reaction of smectite to interstratified illite/smectite. The < 2 μm fraction of a bentonite was treated hydrothermally at temperatures of 200, 250, 300, 350, 400 and...
Geochemical characterization of streambed sediment in the upper Illinois River basin
J.A. Colman, R. F. Sanzolone
1992, Water Resources Bulletin (28) 933-950
Geochemistry of fine-fraction streambed sediments collected from the upper Illinois River basin was surveyed in the fall of 1987 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment pilot projects. The survey included 567 samples analyzed for 46 elements. Three distinctive distribution patterns were found for seven U.S. Environmental...
Sublethal effects of cadmium on physiological responses in the pocketbook mussel, Lampsilis ventricosa
T.J. Naimo, G.J. Atchison, L. E. Holland Bartels
1992, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (11) 1013-1021
Recent studies indicate that the density and diversity of freshwater mussels are declining in many large river systems, possibly from low-level chemical contamination. Exposure of Lam-psilis ventricosa (Barnes, 1823) to 0, 22, 111, and 305 μg/L of cadmium for 28 d in a proportional diluter resulted in a significant decrease (p ≤ 0.05)...
Herbicide transport in rivers: Importance of hydrology and geochemistry in nonpoint-source contamination
P. J. Squillace, E.M. Thurman
1992, Environmental Science & Technology (26) 538-545
Alachlor, atrazine, cyanazine, metolachlor, and metribuzin were measured at six sites during 1984 and 1985 in large subbasins within the Cedar River, IA. A computer model separated the Cedar River discharge hydrograph into groundwater and overland-flow components. The concentration of herbicides in the river when groundwater was the...
Earth and Mars: Water inventories as clues to accretional histories
M. H. Carr, H. Wanke
1992, Icarus (98) 61-71
The Earth has 2.7 km of water on its surface. Its mantle contains at least 150 ppm water, and probably significantly more depending on the amount of undepleted mantle and subducted crustal water that is present. Geologic evidence suggests that a...
Seismic response of Pacific Park Plaza. I. Data and preliminary analysis
M. Çelebi, E. Safak
1992, Journal of Structural Engineering (118) 1547-1565
The objective of this paper is to present analyses of a set of acceleration response records obtained during the October 17, 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake (Ms = 7.1) from the 30-story, three-winged, ductile moment-resistant reinforced-concrete-framed Pacific Park Plaza Building, located in Emeryville, east of San Francisco, Calif. The building was...
Transfer of computer software technology through workshops: The case of fish bioenergetics modeling
Barry L. Johnson
1992, Fisheries (17) 114-118
I recommend a three-part program to promote the availability and use of computer software packages to fishery managers and researchers. The three-part approach consists of journal articles that announce new technologies, technical reports that serve as user's guides, and hands-on workshops that provide direct instruction to new users. Workshops, which...
Seismic excitation by space shuttles
H. Kanamori, J. Mori, B. Sturtevant, D.L. Anderson, T. Heaton
1992, Shock Waves (2) 89-96
Shock waves generated by the space shuttles Columbia (August 13, 1989), Atlantis (April 11, 1991) and Discovery (September 18, 1991) on their return to Edwards Air Force Base, California, were recorded by TERRAscope (Caltech's broadband seismic network), the Caltech-U.S.G.S Southern California Seismic Network (SCSN), and the University of Southern California...
Fault growth and acoustic emissions in confined granite
David A. Lockner, James D. Byerlee
1992, Applied Mechanics Reviews (45) S165-S173
The failure process in a brittle granite was studied by using acoustic emission techniques to obtain three dimensional locations of the microfracturing events. During a creep experiment the nucleation of faulting coincided with the onset of tertiary creep, but the development of the fault could not be followed because the...
A spatial model to aggregate point-source and nonpoint-source water-quality data for large areas
D.A. White, R. A. Smith, C. V. Price, R. B. Alexander, K. W. Robinson
1992, Computers & Geosciences (18) 1055-1073
More objective and consistent methods are needed to assess water quality for large areas. A spatial model, one that capitalizes on the topologic relationships among spatial entities, to aggregate pollution sources from upstream drainage areas is described that can be implemented on land surfaces having heterogeneous water-pollution effects. An infrastructure...
Imaging of Venus from Galileo: Early results and camera performance
M. J. S. Belton, P. Gierasch, K.P. Klaasen, C.D. Anger, M. H. Carr, C. R. Chapman, M. E. Davies, R. Greeley, R. Greenberg, J.W. Head, G. Neukum, C.B. Pilcher, J. Veverka, F. P. Fanale, A.P. Ingersoll, J.B. Pollock, D. Morrison, M.C. Clary, W. Cunningham, H. Breneman
1992, Advances in Space Research (12) 91-103
Three images of Venus have been returned so far by the Galileo spacecraft following an encounter with the planet on UT February 10, 1990. The images, taken at effective wavelengths of 4200 and 9900 A??, characterize the global motions and distribution of haze near the Venus cloud tops and, at...
Fossil beetle evidence for climatic change 18,000-10,000 years B.P. in south-central Chile
J.W. Hoganson, A.C. Ashworth
1992, Quaternary Research (37) 101-116
Cold-adapted beetles colonized the lowlands of the Lake Region of south-central Chile following the retreat of glaciers from their maximum extent at about 19,500 yr B.P. The beetle fauna from 18,000 to 14,000 yr B.P. was characterized by species of moorland habitats. This fauna was species-poor compared to later faunas...
Petrographic and anatomical characteristics of plant material from two peat deposits of Holocene and Miocene age, Kalimantan, Indonesia
T.A. Moore, R.E. Hilbert
1992, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology (72) 199-227
Samples from two peat-forming environments of Holocene and Miocene age in Kalimantan (Borneo), Indonesia, were studied petrographically using nearly identical sample preparation and microscopic methodologies. Both deposits consist of two basic types of organic material: plant organs/tissues and fine-grained matrix. There are seven predominant types of plant organs and tissues:...
The structure, dynamics, and chemical composition of noneruptive plumes from Mount St. Helens, 1980-1988
K.A. McGee
1992, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (51) 269-282
From May 1980 to September 1988, more than 1000 fixed-wing aircraft flights were made with a correlation spectrometer to measure the sulfur dioxide flux from Mount St. Helens volcano. These flights also provided valuable data on the structure and dynamics of noneruptive plumes emanating from Mount St. Helens. During 1980...
