Ammonia fixation by humic substances: A nitrogen-15 and carbon-13 NMR study
K. A. Thorn, M.A. Mikita
1992, Science of Total Environment (113) 67-87
The process of ammonia fixation has been studied in three well characterized and structurally diverse fulvic and humic acid samples. The Suwannee River fulvic acid, and the IHSS peat and leonardite humic acids, were reacted with 15N-labelled ammonium hydroxide, and analyzed by liquid phase 15N NMR spectrometry. Elemental analyses and...
Surface chemistry associated with the cooling and subaerial weathering of recent basalt flows
A. F. White, M.F. Hochella Jr.
1992, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (56) 3711-3721
The surface chemistry of fresh and weathered historical basalt flows was characterized using surface-sensitive X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Surfaces of unweathered 1987–1990 flows from the Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, exhibited variable enrichment in Al, Mg, Ca, and F due to the formation of refractory fluoride compounds and pronounced depletion in Si...
Seismic excitation by space shuttles
H. Kanamori, J. Mori, B. Sturtevant, D.L. Anderson, T. Heaton
1992, Shock Waves (2) 89-96
Shock waves generated by the space shuttles Columbia (August 13, 1989), Atlantis (April 11, 1991) and Discovery (September 18, 1991) on their return to Edwards Air Force Base, California, were recorded by TERRAscope (Caltech's broadband seismic network), the Caltech-U.S.G.S Southern California Seismic Network (SCSN), and the University of Southern California...
Earth and Mars: Water inventories as clues to accretional histories
M. H. Carr, H. Wanke
1992, Icarus (98) 61-71
The Earth has 2.7 km of water on its surface. Its mantle contains at least 150 ppm water, and probably significantly more depending on the amount of undepleted mantle and subducted crustal water that is present. Geologic evidence suggests that a...
Sources of nitrogen and phosphorus to Northern San Francisco Bay
S.W. Hager, L. E. Schemel
1992, Estuaries (15) 40-52
We studied nutrient sources to the Sacramento River and Suisun Bay (northern San Francisco Bay) and the influence which these sources have on the distributions of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in the river and bay. We found that agricultural return flow drains and a...
Effects of urban storm-runoff control on ground-water recharge in Nassau County, New York
Henry Ku, Nathan Hagelin, Herbert Buxton
1992, Groundwater (30) 507-514
Before urban development, most ground-water recharge on Long Island, New York, occurred during the dormant season, when evapotranspiration is low. The use of recharge basins for collection and disposal of urban storm runoff in Nassau County has enabled ground-water recharge to occur also during the...
Geochemical characterization of streambed sediment in the upper Illinois River basin
J.A. Colman, R. F. Sanzolone
1992, Water Resources Bulletin (28) 933-950
Geochemistry of fine-fraction streambed sediments collected from the upper Illinois River basin was surveyed in the fall of 1987 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment pilot projects. The survey included 567 samples analyzed for 46 elements. Three distinctive distribution patterns were found for seven U.S. Environmental...
Mineralogy and geothermometry of high-temperature rhyolites from the central and western Snake River Plain
N. Honjo, B. Bonnichsen, W.P. Leeman, J.C. Stormer Jr.
1992, Bulletin of Volcanology (54) 220-237
Voluminous mid-Miocene rhyolitic ash-flow tuffs and lava flows are exposed along the northern and southern margins of the central and western Snake River Plain. These rhyolites are essentially anhydrous with the general mineral assemblage of plagioclase ??sanidine ?? quartz + augite + pigeonite ?? hypersthene ?? fayalitic olivine + Fe-Ti...
Analytical interferences of mercuric chloride preservative in environmental water samples: Determination of organic compounds isolated by continuous liquid-liquid extraction or closed-loop stripping
W.T. Foreman, S.D. Zaugg, L.M. Falres, M.G. Werner, T.J. Leiker, P.F. Rogerson
1992, Environmental Science & Technology (26) 1307-1312
Analytical interferences were observed during the determination of organic compounds in groundwater samples preserved with mercuric chloride. The nature of the interference was different depending on the analytical isolation technique employed. (1) Water samples extracted with dichloromethane by continuous liquid-liquid extraction (CLLE) and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry revealed a...
Impact origin of the Avak Structure, Arctic Alaska, and genesis of the Barrow gas fields
C.E. Kirschner, Arthur Grantz, M. W. Mullen
1992, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (76) 651-679
Geophysical and subsurface geologic data suggest that the Avak structure, which underlies the Arctic Coastal Plain 12 km southeast of Barrow, Alaska, is a hypervelocity meteorite or comet impact structure. The structure is a roughly circular area of uplifted, chaotically deformed Upper Triassic to Lower Cretaceous sedimentary rocks 8 km...
ALVIN investigation of an active propagating rift system, Galapagos 95.5° W
R.N. Hey, J.M. Sinton, M.C. Kleinrock, R.N. Yonover, K.C. MacDonald, S.P. Miller, R. C. Searle, D.M. Christie, T.M. Atwater, Norman H. Sleep, H. Paul Johnson, C.A. Neal
1992, Marine Geophysical Research (14) 207-226
ALVIN investigations have defined the fine-scale structural and volcanic patterns produced by active rift and spreading center propagation and failure near 95.5° W on the Galapagos spreading center. Behind the initial lithospheric rifting, which is propagating nearly due west at about 50 km m.y.−1, a triangular block of preexisting...
Gypsum accumulation on carbonate stone
E. S. McGee, V.G. Mossotti
1992, Conference Paper, Atmospheric Environment - Part B Urban Atmosphere
The accumulation of gypsum on carbonate stone has been investigated through exposure of fresh samples of limestone and marble at monitored sites, through examination of alteration crusts from old buildings and through laboratory experiments. Several factors contribute to gypsum accumulation on carbonate stone. Marble or limestone that is sheltered from...
Discussion of Blundy and Holland's (1990) "Calcic amphibole equilibria and a new amphibole-plagioclase geothermometer"
J. M. Hammarstrom, E-An Zen
1992, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (111) 264-266
[No abstract available]...
On the state of stress in the near-surface of the earth's crust
W. Z. Savage, H.S. Swolfs, B. Amadei
1992, Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH (138) 207-228
Five models for near-surface crustal stresses induced by gravity and horizontal deformation and the influence of rock property contrasts, rock strength, and stress relaxation on these stresses are presented. Three of the models-the lateral constraint model, the model for crustal stresses caused by horizontal deformation, and the model for the...
Permian and early(?) Triassic radiolarian faunas from the Grindstone Terrane, central Oregon
C.D. Blome, K. M. Reed
1992, Journal of Paleontology (66) 351-383
Moderately well preserved Permian and Early(?) Triassic radiolarian faunas from sedimentary melange cherts of the Grindstone terrane in central Oregon are nearly identical to coeval chert faunas in Japan. Although several Oregon taxa have been reported from limestone sequences in the central United States, most of the Oregon forms have...
Seismic response of Pacific Park Plaza. I. Data and preliminary analysis
M. Çelebi, E. Safak
1992, Journal of Structural Engineering (118) 1547-1565
The objective of this paper is to present analyses of a set of acceleration response records obtained during the October 17, 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake (Ms = 7.1) from the 30-story, three-winged, ductile moment-resistant reinforced-concrete-framed Pacific Park Plaza Building, located in Emeryville, east of San Francisco, Calif. The building was...
Measurement of filtration rates by infaunal bivalves in a recirculating flume
B.E. Cole, J.K. Thompson, J. E. Cloern
1992, Marine Biology (113) 219-225
A flume system and protocol for measuring the filtration rate of infaunal bivalves is described. Assemblages of multi-sized clams, at natural densities and in normal filter-feeding positions, removed phytoplankton suspended in a unidirectional flow of water. The free-stream velocity and friction velocity of the flow, and bottom roughness height were...
Role of microbial processes in linking sandstone diagenesis with organic-rich clays
P.B. McMahon, F. H. Chapelle, W. F. Falls, P. M. Bradley
1992, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (62) 1-10
Numerous chemical reactions within clay sequences have been proposed to produce dissolved material for diagenesis of deeply-buried sands. However, reactions responsible for solubilizing inorganic and organic constituents in clays at intermediate depths, and their importance to sandstone diagenesis, have not been evaluated. Results...
The influence of pH on biotite dissolution and alteration kinetics at low temperature
James G. Acker, O.P. Bricker
1992, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (56) 3073-3092
Biotite dissolution rates in acidic solutions were determined in fluidized-bed reactors and flowthrough columns. Biotite dissolution rates increased inversely as a linear function of pH in the pH range 3–7, where the rate order n = −0.34. Biotite dissolved incongruently over this pH range, with preferential release of magnesium and iron from...
Geochemical exploration for copper-nickel deposits in the cool-humid climate of northeastern Minnesota
W. R. Miller, W. H. Ficklin, J. B. McHugh
1992, Journal of Geochemical Exploration (42) 327-344
Water was used as a medium for geochemical exploration to detect copper-nickel mineralization along the basal zone of the Duluth Complex. Ni2+ is the most important pathfinder for the detection of the mineralized rocks, followed by Cu2+ and SO42− and to a lesser extent...
Gravel-bed deposition and erosion by bedform migration observed ultrasonically during storm flow, North Fork Toutle River, Washington
R.L. Dinehart
1992, Journal of Hydrology (136) 51-71
Ultrasonic depth sounding provides useful and unexpected information about peak discharge and sediment transport when applied during storm flow in channels with erodible beds. Streambed elevation was measured with dual ultrasonic depth sounders during the rise, crest, and recession of a storm flow in the North Fork Toutle River,...
The Mount Edgecumbe tephra deposits, a marker horizon in southeastern Alaska near the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary
J.R. Riehle, D.H. Mann, D.M. Peteet, D.R. Engstrom, D. A. Brew, C.E. Meyer
1992, Quaternary Research (37) 183-202
Late Pleistocene tephra deposits found from Sitka to Juneau and Lituya Bay are assigned to a source at the Mount Edgecumbe volcanic field, based on similarity of glass compositions to nearvent deposits and on thinning away from Kruzof Island. The sequence of near-vent layers is basaltic andesite and andesite at...
Numerical simulation of a sphere moving down an incline with identical spheres placed equally apart
Chi-Hai Ling, Chyan-Deng Jan, Cheng-lung Chen, Hsieh Wen Shen
1992, Conference Paper, Proceedings of Engineering Mechanics
This paper describes a numerical study of an elastic sphere moving down an incline with a string of identical spheres placed equally apart. Two momentum equations and a moment equation formulated for the moving sphere are solved numerically for the instantaneous velocity of the moving sphere on an incline with...
Phase relations in the system NaCl-KCl-H2O: IV. Differential thermal analysis of the sylvite liquidus in the KCl-H2O binary, the liquidus in the NaCl-KCl-H2O ternary, and the solidus in the NaCl-KCl binary to 2 kb pressure, and a summary of experimental data for thermodynamic-PTX analysis of solid-liquid equilibria at elevated P-T conditions
I.-M. Chou, S.M. Sterner, Kenneth S. Pitzer
1992, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (56) 2281-2293
The sylvite liquidus in the binary system KCl-H2O and the liquidus in the ternary system NaCl-KCl-H2O were determined by using isobaric differential thermal analysis (DTA) cooling scans at pressures up to 2 kbars. Sylvite solubilities along the three-phase curve in the binary system KCl-H2O were obtained by the intersection of...
Associations of free-living bacteria and dissolved organic compounds in a plume of contaminated groundwater
R.W. Harvey, L.B. Barber II
McCalady Donald L., editor(s)
1992, Conference Paper, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology
Associations of free-living bacteria (FLB) and dissolved organic contaminants in a 4-km-long plume of sewage-contaminated groundwater were investigated. Abundance of FLB in the core of the plume (as delineated by maximum specific conductance) steadily decreased in the direction of flow from a point 0.25 km downgradient from the source to...
