Comparisons of salinity tolerances and osmotic regulatory capabilities in populations of Sailfin molly (Poecilia latipinna) from brackish and fresh waters
F.G. Nordlie, D. C. Haney, S. J. Walsh
1992, Copeia (1992) 741-746
No abstract available....
Uranium-series isochron dating at El Castillo Cave (Cantabria, Spain): The "Acheulean"/"Mousterian" question
J. L. Bischoff, Jose Francisco Garcia, L.G. Straus
1992, Journal of Archaeological Science (19) 49-62
A massive flowstone layer, Level 23, near the base of the stratigraphic sequence in El Castillo Cave (Cantabria, Spain), is dated by the uranium-series isochron method to 89+11/−10 ka bp. The flowstone separates cultural layers traditionally labelled “Mousterian” (above) and “Acheulean” (below). The date reported here, in association with other...
U-Series dates for stalagmitic flowstone E (Riss/Würm interglaciation) at Grotte du Lazaret, Nice, France
Christophe Falgueres, Henry de Lumley, James L. Bischoff
1992, Quaternary Research (38) 227-233
Several samples of stalagmitic flowstone (Ensemble E) at Grotte du Lazaret (Nice, France) were dated by U-series isotopes. The results show that this speleothem began to grow about 130,000 yr B.P. and continued to about 70,000 yr B.P., coinciding almost exactly with the last interglaciation (isotope stage 5). Even though...
Mechanisms of iron photoreduction in a metal-rich, acidic stream (St. Kevin Gulch, Colorado, U.S.A.)
B. A. Kimball, Diane M. McKnight, G.A. Wetherbee, R.A. Harnish
1992, Chemical Geology (96) 227-239
Iron photoreduction in metal-rich, acidic streams affected by mine drainage accounts for some of the variability in metal chemistry of such streams, producing diel variations in Fe(II). Differentiation of the mechanisms of the Fe photoreduction reaction by a series of in-stream experiments at St. Kevin Gulch, Colorado, indicates that a...
Experiments with central-limit properties of spatial samples from locally covariant random fields
T. H. Barringer, T. E. Smith
1992, Regional Science and Urban Economics (22) 387-403
When spatial samples are statistically dependent, the classical estimator of sample-mean standard deviation is well known to be inconsistent. For locally dependent samples, however, consistent estimators of sample-mean standard deviation can be constructed. The present paper investigates the sampling properties of one such estimator, designated as the tau estimator of sample-mean standard...
A petroleum discovery-rate forecast revisited-The problem of field growth
L.J. Drew, J.H. Schuenemeyer
1992, Nonrenewable Resources (1) 51-60
A forecast of the future rates of discovery of crude oil and natural gas for the 123,027-km2 Miocene/Pliocene trend in the Gulf of Mexico was made in 1980. This forecast was evaluated in 1988 by comparing two sets of data: (1) the actual versus the forecasted number of fields discovered,...
Gravel-bed deposition and erosion by bedform migration observed ultrasonically during storm flow, North Fork Toutle River, Washington
R.L. Dinehart
1992, Journal of Hydrology (136) 51-71
Ultrasonic depth sounding provides useful and unexpected information about peak discharge and sediment transport when applied during storm flow in channels with erodible beds. Streambed elevation was measured with dual ultrasonic depth sounders during the rise, crest, and recession of a storm flow in the North Fork Toutle River,...
Selenium mobilization in a surface coal mine, Powder River Basin, Wyoming, U.S.A.
G.B. Dreher, R. B. Finkelman
1992, Environmental Geology and Water Sciences (19) 155-167
Elevated concentrations (0.6-0.9 mg/l) of selenium were detected in the groundwater of a small backfill area at a surface mine in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming. This report focuses on the source of selenium, its modes of occurrence in overburden deposits and backfill groundwater, and its fate. The immediate source...
Pyroclastic deposits of the Mount Edgecumbe volcanic field, southeast Alaska: eruptions of a stratified magma chamber
J.R. Riehle, D.E. Champion, D. A. Brew, M. A. Lanphere
1992, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (53) 117-143
The Mount Edgecumbe volcanic field in southeastern Alaska consists of 5-6 km3 (DRE) of postglacial pyroclasts that overlie Pleistocene lavas. All eleven pyroclast vents align with the long axis of the field, implying that the pyroclast magma conduits followed a crustal fissure. Most of these vents had previously erupted lavas...
Geotechnical properties and preliminary assessment of sediment stability on the continental slope of the northwestern Alboran Sea
J. Baraza, G. Ercilla, H.J. Lee
1992, Geo-Marine Letters (12) 150-156
Laboratory analysis of core samples from the western Alboran Sea slope reveal a large variability in texture and geotechnical properties. Stability analysis suggests that the sediment is stable under static gravitational loading but potentially unstable under seismic loading. Slope failures may occur if horizontal ground accelerations greater than 0.16 g...
The Mauna Loa environmental matrix: foliar and soil nutrients
P.M. Vitousek, G. Aplet, D. Turner, J.J. Lockwood
1992, Oecologia (89) 372-382
The accumulation of total carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in soils, available soil nutrients, and foliar nutrients in the native dominant Metrosideros polymorpha were determined across a wide elevational range on 9 lava flows on Mauna Loa, Hawai'i. The flows included a young (2800 y) a??a??...
Mineral resource assessment of the Annette Islands Reserve, Southeast Alaska
R. J. Horton, Susan M. Karl, Andrew Griscom, C. D. Taylor, K. R. Bond, R. Michael Senterfit
1992, Report, 1992 mineral frontiers on Indian lands
No abstract available ...
Earth and Mars: Water inventories as clues to accretional histories
M. H. Carr, H. Wanke
1992, Icarus (98) 61-71
The Earth has 2.7 km of water on its surface. Its mantle contains at least 150 ppm water, and probably significantly more depending on the amount of undepleted mantle and subducted crustal water that is present. Geologic evidence suggests that a...
Hydrogeochemical exploration of geothermal prospects in the Tecuamburro Volcano region, Guatemala
C. J. Janik, F. Goff, L. Fahlquist, A.I. Adams, Roldan M. Alfredo, S.J. Chipera, P.E. Trujillo, D. Counce
1992, Geothermics (21) 447-481
Chemical and isotopic analyses of thermal and nonthermal waters and of gases from springs and fumaroles are used to evaluate the geothermal potential of the Tecuamburro Volcano region, Guatemala. Chemically distinct geothermal surface manifestations generally occur in separate hydrogeologic areas within this 400 km2 region: low-pressure fumaroles with temperatures near local...
Hydrous pyrolysis of crude oil in gold-plated reactors
J.A. Curiale, P.D. Lundegard, Y.K. Kharaka
1992, Organic Geochemistry (18) 745-756
Crude oils from Iraq and California have been pyrolyzed under hydrous conditions at 200 and 300°C for time periods up to 210 days, in gold-plated reactors. Elemental (vanadium, nickel), stable isotopic (carbon), and molecular (n-alkanes, acyclic isoprenoids, steranes, terpanes and aromatic steroid hydrocarbons) analyses were made on the original and...
Seismic excitation by space shuttles
H. Kanamori, J. Mori, B. Sturtevant, D.L. Anderson, T. Heaton
1992, Shock Waves (2) 89-96
Shock waves generated by the space shuttles Columbia (August 13, 1989), Atlantis (April 11, 1991) and Discovery (September 18, 1991) on their return to Edwards Air Force Base, California, were recorded by TERRAscope (Caltech's broadband seismic network), the Caltech-U.S.G.S Southern California Seismic Network (SCSN), and the University of Southern California...
Factors controlling the major ion chemistry of streams in the Blue Ridge and Valley and Ridge physiographic provinces of Virginia and Maryland
L.J. Puckett, O.P. Bricker
1992, Hydrological Processes (6) 79-98
The factors controlling the chemistry of 69 low-order streams in the Blue Ridge and Valley and Ridge physiographic provinces of Virginia and Maryland were studied over a 13-month period. Principal component analysis was used to examine regional patterns in stream chemistry and to examine...
Hydrothermal ore-forming processes in the light of studies in rock- buffered systems: I. Iron-copper-zinc-lead sulfide solubility relations
J.J. Hemley, G.L. Cygan, J.B. Fein, Robinson Jr., W. M. d’Angelo
1992, Economic Geology (87) 1-22
Experimental studies, using cold-seal and extraction vessel techniques, were conducted on Fe, Pb, Zn, and Cu sulfide solubilities in chloride solutions at temperatures from 300 degrees to 700 degrees C and pressures from 0.5 to 2 kbars. The solutions were buffered in pH by a quartz monzonite and the pure...
On the state of stress in the near-surface of the earth's crust
W. Z. Savage, H.S. Swolfs, B. Amadei
1992, Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH (138) 207-228
Five models for near-surface crustal stresses induced by gravity and horizontal deformation and the influence of rock property contrasts, rock strength, and stress relaxation on these stresses are presented. Three of the models-the lateral constraint model, the model for crustal stresses caused by horizontal deformation, and the model for the...
Evidence from Cd/Ca ratios in foraminifera for greater upwelling off California 4,000 years ago
A. VanGeen, N. Luoma, C. C. Fuller, R. Anima, H.E. Clifton, S. Trumbore
1992, Nature (358) 54-56
UPWELLING of nutrient-rich Pacific deep water along the North American west coast is ultimately driven by the temperature difference between air masses over land and over the ocean. The intensity of upwelling, and biological production in the region, could therefore be affected by anthropogenic climate change. Examination of the geological...
The uncertainty in earthquake conditional probabilities
J.C. Savage
1992, Geophysical Research Letters (19) 709-712
The Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities (WGCEP) questioned the relevance of uncertainty intervals assigned to earthquake conditional probabilities on the basis that the uncertainty in the probability estimate seemed to be greater the smaller the intrinsic breadth of the recurrence-interval distribution. I show here that...
ALVIN investigation of an active propagating rift system, Galapagos 95.5° W
R.N. Hey, J.M. Sinton, M.C. Kleinrock, R.N. Yonover, K.C. MacDonald, S.P. Miller, R. C. Searle, D.M. Christie, T.M. Atwater, Norman H. Sleep, H. Paul Johnson, C.A. Neal
1992, Marine Geophysical Research (14) 207-226
ALVIN investigations have defined the fine-scale structural and volcanic patterns produced by active rift and spreading center propagation and failure near 95.5° W on the Galapagos spreading center. Behind the initial lithospheric rifting, which is propagating nearly due west at about 50 km m.y.−1, a triangular block of preexisting...
Phase relations in the system NaCl-KCl-H2O: V. Thermodynamic-PTX analysis of solid-liquid equilibria at high temperatures and pressures
S.M. Sterner, I.-M. Chou, R.T. Downs, Kenneth S. Pitzer
1992, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (56) 2295-2309
The Gibbs energies of mixing for NaCl-KCl binary solids and liquids and solid-saturated NaCl-KCl-H2O ternary liquids were modeled using asymmetric Margules treatments. The coefficients of the expressions were calibrated using an extensive array of binary solvus and solidus data, and both binary and ternary liquidus data. Over the PTX range considered, the...
Quantitative assessment of mineral resources with an application to petroleum geology
Jan Harff, J.C. Davis, Ricardo A. Olea
1992, Nonrenewable Resources (1) 74-84
The probability of occurrence of natural resources, such as petroleum deposits, can be assessed by a combination of multivariate statistical and geostatistical techniques. The area of study is partitioned into regions that are as homogeneous as possible internally while simultaneously as distinct as possible. Fisher's discriminant criterion is used to...
Comparison of the effects of filtration and preservation methods on analyses for strontium-90 in ground water
L.L. Knobel, L. DeWayne Cecil, S.J. Wegner, L.L. Moore
1992, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (20) 67-80
From 1952 to 1988, about 140 curies of strontium-90 were discharged in liquid waste to disposal ponds and wells at the INEL (Idaho National Engineering Laboratory). Water from four wells was sampled as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's quality-assurance program to evaluate the effects of filtration and preservation methods...