Improved apparatus for measuring hydraulic conductivity at low water content
J. R. Nimmo, K.C. Akstin, K.A. Mello
1992, Soil Science Society of America Journal (56) 1758-1761
A modification of the steady-state centrifuge method (SSCM) for unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (K) measurement improves the range and adjustability of this method. The modified apparatus allows mechanical adjustments to vary the measured K by a factor of 360. In addition, the use of different flow-regulating ceramic materials can give a total K range covering...
Mechanisms and function of school formation in subyearling American shad (Alosa sapidissima)
R. M. Ross, T. W. H. Backman
1992, Journal of Applied Ichthyology (8) 143-153
SummaryThe behavioural repertoire of subyearling American shad (Alosa sapidissima) was studied in the laboratory to examine pathways leading to Aggregation and School formation at various group sizes (3–100 fish per 500-liter tank). Three hypotheses were tested: (1) schooling is the dominant behavioural activity of subyearling American shad,...
Methods for detoxifying the lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol in a stream
P.A. Gilderhus, T.D. Bills, D.A. Johnson
1992, Resource Publication 184
No abstract available....
Crystalline silica primer
Branch of Industrial Minerals
1992, Report
Restoration of denuded areas and iceplant areas on Santa Barbara Island, Channel Islands National Park
C. M. D’Antonio, W. L. Halvorson, D.B. Fenn
1992, Technical Report 46
No abstract available at this time...
Hydrous pyrolysis of crude oil in gold-plated reactors
J.A. Curiale, P.D. Lundegard, Y.K. Kharaka
1992, Organic Geochemistry (18) 745-756
Crude oils from Iraq and California have been pyrolyzed under hydrous conditions at 200 and 300°C for time periods up to 210 days, in gold-plated reactors. Elemental (vanadium, nickel), stable isotopic (carbon), and molecular (n-alkanes, acyclic isoprenoids, steranes, terpanes and aromatic steroid hydrocarbons) analyses were made on the original and...
Progress report on the Worldwide Earthquake Risk Management (WWERM) Program
S. T. Algermissen, Walter W. Hays, Paul R. Krumpe
1992, Conference Paper, NIST Special Publication
Considerable progress has been made in the Worldwide Earthquake Risk Management (WWERM) Program since its initiation in late 1989 as a cooperative program of the Agency for International Development (AID), Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA), and the U.S. Geological Survey. Probabilistic peak acceleration and peak Modified Mercalli intensity...
Accretionary margin of north-western Hispaniola: morphology, structure and development of part of the northern Caribbean plate boundary
William P. Dillon, James A. Austin Jr., Kathryn M. Scanlon, Edgar N. Terence, L.M. Parson
1992, Marine and Petroleum Geology (9)
Broad-range side-scan sonar (GLORIA) images and single- and multi-channel seismic reflection profiles demonstrate that the margin of north-western Hispaniola has experienced compression as a consequence of oblique North American-Caribbean plate convergence. Two principal morphological or structural types of accretionary wedges are observed along this margin. The first type is characterized...
15N and13C NMR investigation of hydroxylamine-derivatized humic substances
K. A. Thorn, J.B. Arterburn, M.A. Mikita
1992, Environmental Science & Technology (26) 107-116
No abstract available....
Evidence from Cd/Ca ratios in foraminifera for greater upwelling off California 4,000 years ago
A. VanGeen, N. Luoma, C. C. Fuller, R. Anima, H.E. Clifton, S. Trumbore
1992, Nature (358) 54-56
UPWELLING of nutrient-rich Pacific deep water along the North American west coast is ultimately driven by the temperature difference between air masses over land and over the ocean. The intensity of upwelling, and biological production in the region, could therefore be affected by anthropogenic climate change. Examination of the geological...
Petrographic and anatomical characteristics of plant material from two peat deposits of Holocene and Miocene age, Kalimantan, Indonesia
T.A. Moore, R.E. Hilbert
1992, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology (72) 199-227
Samples from two peat-forming environments of Holocene and Miocene age in Kalimantan (Borneo), Indonesia, were studied petrographically using nearly identical sample preparation and microscopic methodologies. Both deposits consist of two basic types of organic material: plant organs/tissues and fine-grained matrix. There are seven predominant types of plant organs and tissues:...
Earth and Mars: Water inventories as clues to accretional histories
M. H. Carr, H. Wanke
1992, Icarus (98) 61-71
The Earth has 2.7 km of water on its surface. Its mantle contains at least 150 ppm water, and probably significantly more depending on the amount of undepleted mantle and subducted crustal water that is present. Geologic evidence suggests that a...
Widespread buried Precambrian layered sequences in the U.S. mid- continent: Evidence for large Proterozoic depositional basins
T. L. Pratt, E.C. Hauser, Kim Nelson
1992, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (76) 1384-1401
Large regions of the North American mid-continent are underlain by Precambrian layered rocks buried beneath Phanerozoic sedimentary strata. South of the Wichita Mountains, published seismic reflection profiles show a Precambrian layered assemblage extending for at least 40 km in both the north-south and east-west directions, and industry data show that...
Mapping thermal maturity in the Chainman shale, near Eureka, Nevada, with Landsat Thematic Mapper images
Lawrence C. Rowan, Mark Pawlewicz, O. D. Jones
1992, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (76) 1008-1023
The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a correlation between measurements of organic matter (OM) maturity and laboratory measurements of visible and near-infrared spectral reflectance, and if Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images could be used to map maturity. The maturity of Mississippian Chainman Shale samples collected...
Characteristics of a sandy depositional lobe on the outer Mississippi fan from SeaMARC IA sidescan sonar images
D.C. Twichell, W. C. Schwab, C.H. Nelson, Neil H. Kenyon, H.J. Lee
1992, Geology (20) 689-692
SeaMARC IA sidescan sonar images of the distal reaches of a depositional lobe on the Mississippi Fan show that channelized rather than unconfined transport was the dominant transport mechanism for coarse-grained sediment during the formation of this part of the deep-sea fan. Overbank...
The Mount Edgecumbe tephra deposits, a marker horizon in southeastern Alaska near the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary
J.R. Riehle, D.H. Mann, D.M. Peteet, D.R. Engstrom, D. A. Brew, C.E. Meyer
1992, Quaternary Research (37) 183-202
Late Pleistocene tephra deposits found from Sitka to Juneau and Lituya Bay are assigned to a source at the Mount Edgecumbe volcanic field, based on similarity of glass compositions to nearvent deposits and on thinning away from Kruzof Island. The sequence of near-vent layers is basaltic andesite and andesite at...
Geochemical evolution of Jurassic diorites from the Bristol Lake region, California, USA, and the role of assimilation
E.D. Young, J. L. Wooden, Y.-N. Shieh, D. Farber
1992, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (110) 68-86
Late Jurassic dioritic plutons from the Bristol Lake region of the eastern Mojave Desert share several geochemical attributes with high-alumina basalts, continental hawaiite basalts, and high-K are andesites including: high K2O concentrations; high Al2O3 (16-19 weight %); elevated Zr/TiO2; LREE (light-rare-earth-element) enrichment (La/YbCN=6.3-13.3); and high Nb. Pearce element ratio analysis...
Retention of visible implant tags in lake trout and Atlantic salmon
H. L. Kincaid, G.T. Calkins
1992, Progressive Fish-Culturist (54) 163-170
Retention and readability of visible implant (VI) tags were evaluated in adult (2‐yearold) Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), adult (4‐year‐old) lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), and yearling (10‐month‐old) fish of both species. Tags were implanted in adipose eyelid tissue posterior to the eye. After 10 months, retention in yearlings was 49% by...
Historic variation of warm-season rainfall, Southern Colorado Plateau, Southwestern U.S.A.
R. Hereford, R. H. Webb
1992, Climatic Change (22) 239-256
Rainfall during the warm season (June 15-October 15) is the most important of the year in terms of flood generation and erosion in rivers of the southern Colorado Plateau. Fluvial erosion of the plateau decreased substantially in the 1930s to early 1940s, although the cause of this change has not...
Changes in Alaskan soft-bottom prey communities along a gradient in sea otter predation
R.G. Kvitek, J.S. Oliver, A.R. DeGange, B.S. Anderson
1992, Ecology (73) 413-428
Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris), well documented as "keystone" predators in rocky marine communities, were found to exert a strong influence on infaunal prey communities in soft-sediment habitats. Direct and indirect effects of sea otter predation on subtidal soft-bottom prey communities were evaluated along a temporal gradient of sea otter occupancy...
Probabilistic methodology for estimation of undiscovered petroleum resources in play analysis of the United States
R. A. Crovelli
1992, Nonrenewable Resources (1) 153-162
A geostochastic system called FASPF was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey for their 1989 assessment of undiscovered petroleum resources in the United States. FASPF is a fast appraisal system for petroleum play analysis using a field-size geological model and an analytic probabilistic methodology. The geological model is a particular...
Statistical sampling of the distribution of uranium deposits using geologic/geographic clusters
W.I. Finch, W.D. Grundy, C. T. Pierson
1992, Nonrenewable Resources (1) 148-152
The concept of geologic/geographic clusters was developed particularly to study grade and tonnage models for sandstone-type uranium deposits. A cluster is a grouping of mined as well as unmined uranium occurrences within an arbitrary area about 8 km across. A cluster is a statistical sample that will reflect accurately the...
Statistical analysis of the radon-222 potential of rocks in Virginia, U.S.A.
C. Erwin Brown, D.G. Mose, G.W. Mushrush, C.E. Chrosniak
1992, Environmental Geology and Water Sciences (19) 193-203
More than 3,200 indoor radon-222 (222Rn) measurements were made seasonally in an area of about 1,000 square kilometers of the Coastal Plain and Piedmont physiographic provinces in Virginia, U.S.A. Results of these measurements indicate that some geological units are associated, on the average, with twice as much indoor222Rn as other...
Experiments with central-limit properties of spatial samples from locally covariant random fields
T. H. Barringer, T. E. Smith
1992, Regional Science and Urban Economics (22) 387-403
When spatial samples are statistically dependent, the classical estimator of sample-mean standard deviation is well known to be inconsistent. For locally dependent samples, however, consistent estimators of sample-mean standard deviation can be constructed. The present paper investigates the sampling properties of one such estimator, designated as the tau estimator of sample-mean standard...
A petroleum discovery-rate forecast revisited-The problem of field growth
L.J. Drew, J.H. Schuenemeyer
1992, Nonrenewable Resources (1) 51-60
A forecast of the future rates of discovery of crude oil and natural gas for the 123,027-km2 Miocene/Pliocene trend in the Gulf of Mexico was made in 1980. This forecast was evaluated in 1988 by comparing two sets of data: (1) the actual versus the forecasted number of fields discovered,...
