Wave processes and geologic responses on the floor of the Yellow Sea
James S. Booth, William J. Winters
1991, Book chapter, From shoreline to abyss: Contributions in marine geology in honor of Francis Parker Shepard
The floor of the Yellow Sea is a geologically mundane surface: it is nearly horizontal, lacks relief, and, with few exceptions, is devoid of conspicuous geomorphologic features. However, it is the principal repository for the prodigious sediment load of the Huanghe (Yellow River); and, due to its inherent shallowness (average...
Oxygen-isotope exchange and mineral alteration in gabbros of the Lower Layered Series, Kap Edvard Holm Complex, East Greenland
Kristen L. Fehlhaber, Dennis K. Bird
1991, Geology (19) 819-822
Multiple intrusions of gabbros, mafic dikes, and syenites in the Kap Edvard Holm Complex gave rise to prolonged circulation of meteoric hydrothermal solutions and extreme isotope exchange and mineral alteration in the 3600-m-thick Lower Layered Series gabbros. In the Lower Layered Series, δ18O of plagioclase varies from +0.3‰ to -5.8‰,...
Modes of cross-shore sediment transport on the shoreface of the Middle Atlantic Bight
L.D. Wright, John D. Boon, S.C. Kim, J. H. List
1991, Marine Geology (96) 19-51
The mechanisms responsible for onshore and offshore sediment fluxes across the shoreface zone seaward of the surf zone were examined in a 3-year field study. The study was conducted in the southern part of the Middle Atlantic Bight in the depth region 7–17 m using instrumented tripods supporting electromagnetic current...
The Marina District, San Francisco, California: Geology, history, and earthquake effects
Manuel G. Bonilla
1991, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (81) 1958-1979
A northwest-trending valley in the bedrock surface is buried by firm Pleistocene bay clay, a dense Pleistocene sand layer, soft Holocene bay sediments, loose to dense Holocene beach and dune sands, and artificial fill that have an aggregate maximum thickness of about 90 m (300 ft). Artificial filling of a...
Introduction to special section on the California-Arizona crustal transect: CACTIS, Part 3
R.W. Simpson, Keith A. Howard, Gordon B. Haxel
1991, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (96) 12257-12258
The CACTIS (California‐Arizona Crustal Transect Interim Synthesis) workshop in May 1988 brought researchers together in Flagstaff, Arizona, to discuss the geologic evolution and crustal structure of the southern Cordillera between the San Andreas fault in southeastern California and the Colorado Plateau in Arizona [Sass et al., 1988]. The first set...
A reinterpretation of the timing, position, and significance of part of the Sacramento Mountains detachment fault, southeastern California
Carol Simpson, Janet Schweitzer, Keith A. Howard
1991, GSA Bulletin (103) 751-761
A contact previously considered to be part of the Sacramento Mountains detachment fault (SDF), exposed in the Sacramento Mountains metamorphic core complex, is reinterpreted as an unconformity between Tertiary rhyolite of Eagle Peak and cataclastically deformed crystalline lower-plate rocks. This reinterpretation is based on outcrop-scale topographic relief and the absence...
The world landslide problem
E. E. Brabb
1991, Episodes (14) 52-61
Thousands of people may be killed by landslides each year and property damage may be in the tens of billions of dollars, but the techniques for recognizing and coping with landslides are well developed. Landslides are generally more manageable and predictable than earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and some storms, but only...
Franciscan Complex, Coast Range ophiolite and Great Valley sequence: Pacheco Pass to Del Puerto Canyon, California
Allan P. Bennison, M. Clark Blake Jr., B. F. Cox, William P. Elder, W. G. Ernst, Tekla Harms, T. H. Nilsen
1991, Book chapter, Geologic excursions in northern California: San Francisco to the Sierra Nevada
This field trip covers part of the Diablo Range and adjacent San Joaquin Valley of central California (Fig. 1 ). The core of the range is made up of rocks of the Franciscan Complex, flanked by Coast Range ophiolite (CRO) and Great Valley sequence (GVS). The Franciscan Complex in this...
Sounding the bottom of the world
T.A. Stern, Uri S. ten Brink
1991, New Scientist 41-43
No abstract available....
Dating methods applicable to the Quaternary
J.N. Rosholt, S.M. Colman, M. Stuiver, P.E. Damon, C. W. Naeser, N. D. Naeser, Barney J. Szabo, Daniel R Muhs, J. C. Liddicoat, S.L. Forman, M. N. Machette, K. L. Pierce
Roger B. Morrison, editor(s)
1991, Book chapter, Quaternary Nonglacial Geology: Conterminous U.S.
No abstract available....
Numerical simulations of hydrothermal circulation resulting from basalt intrusions in a buried spreading center
A.T. Fisher, T.N. Narasimhan
1991, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (103) 100-115
A two-dimensional, one by two-kilometer section through the seafloor was simulated with a numerical model to investigate coupled fluid and heat flow resulting from basalt intrusions in a buried spreading center. Boundary and initial conditions and physical properties of both sediments and basalt were constrained by field surveys and drilling...
Rockslides on the Terminus of "Jokulsargilsjokull", Southern Iceland
Oddur Sigurdsson, Richard S. Williams Jr.
1991, Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography (73) 129-140
On 10 November 1976, a 1.5 km × 0.5 km rockslide deposit on the surface of an unnamed outlet glacier of Mýrdalsjökull ice cap, southern Iceland, was observed from an aircraft. Deposits from two different rockslides, including the larger one observed on 10 November 1976, were visible on a 10...
Environmental consequences of the Persian Gulf War, 1990-1991: Remote sensing datasets of Kuwait and environs
R. S. Williams Jr., J. Heckman, J. Schneeberger
1991, Research and Exploration (7)
No abstract available....
An axial view of a metamorphic core complex: Crustal structure of the Whipple and Chemehuevi Mountains, southeastern California
J. M. Wilson, Jill McCarthy, R.A. Johnson, Keith A. Howard
1991, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (96) 12293-12311
A 135‐km‐long, NW‐SE trending, seismic refraction/wide‐angle reflection profile provides a unique along‐strike view of the crustal structure of a belt of metamorphic core complexes in southeastern California: the Whipple, Chemehuevi, and Sacramento mountains metamorphic core complexes. Interpretation of the seismic data was done by two‐dimensional forward modeling of travel times...
E-4 Central Kentucky to the Carolina Trough
Douglas W. Rankin, William P. Dillon, D.F.B. Black, S.E. Boyer, David L. Daniels, R. Goldsmith, J. A. Grow, J. Wright Horton Jr., Deborah R. Hutchinson, Kim D. Klitgord, R. C. McDowell, D.J. Milton, J. P. Owens, Jeffrey D. Phillips, K.C. Bayer, John R. Butler, D.W. Elliott, Robert C. Milici
1991, Book
E-4 is one of eight Geodynamics transects that cross the Atlantic margin of North America between Georgia and Newfoundland. Five of the transects are in the United States and three are in Canada. Transect E-4, which is 110 km wide and more than 1,100 km long, extends from the stable...
Speculations on continental crustal evolution
R. Meissner, Walter D. Mooney
1991, Eos, Earth and Space Science News (72) 585-590
The evolution of the continental crust is a topic that has challenged Earth scientists since the earliest hypotheses of crustal evolution were put forth by such luminaries as Hutton, the 18th century Scottish scientist, and later by Stille (Germany), Argand (France), and Dana (United States). Recent geophysical observations provide important...
The Pu'u ‘O’o‐Kupaianaha eruption of Kilauea
Christina C. Heliker, Thomas L. Wright
1991, Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union (72) 521-526
Kilauea is nearing the 10th year of its most voluminous rift zone eruption in the last 2 centuries. Lava flows have covered 75 km2 to depths as great as 25 m and have added almost 1.2 km2 of new land to the island. These flows have devastated downslope communities and have provided...
Catastrophes and conservation: Lessons from sea otters and the Exxon Valdez
James A. Estes
1991, Science (254) 1596-1596
No abstract available. ...
Organic matter and containment of uranium and fissiogenic isotopes at the Oklo natural reactors
B. Nagy, F. Gauthier-Lafaye, P. Holliger, D.W. Davis, D.J. Mossman, J.S. Leventhal, M.J. Rigali, J. Parnell
1991, Nature (354) 472-475
Some of the Precambrian natural fission reactors at Oklo in Gabon contain abundant organic matter1,2, part of which was liquefied at the time of criticality and subsequently converted to a graphitic solid3,4. The liquid organic matter helps to reduce U(VI) to U(IV) from aqueous solutions, resulting in the precipitation of...
The velocity field along the San Andreas Fault in central and southern California
Michael Lisowski, James C. Savage, W.H. Prescott
1991, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (96) 8369-8389
The velocity field within a 100‐km‐broad zone centered on the San Andreas fault between the Mexican border and San Francisco Bay has been inferred from repeated surveys of trilateration networks in the 1973–1989 interval. The velocity field has the appearance of a shear flow that remains parallel to the local...
Strain accumulation in western Washington
James C. Savage, Michael Lisowski, W.H. Prescott
1991, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (96) 14493-14507
The Juan de Fuca plate is subducted beneath the North American plate off the coast of Washington at a rate of about 40 mm/yr N68°E. The average principal strain rates (extension reckoned positive) measured in northwestern Washington are as follows: Olympic peninsula 25 km south of Port...
Tide gage measurements of uplift along the south coast of Alaska
James C. Savage, George Plafker
1991, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (96) 4325-4335
Annual mean sea levels along the south coast of Alaska are used to measure uplift along the Alaska‐Aleutian subduction zone. Oceanographic effects are removed from the observed annual mean sea levels by subtracting a correction that is proportional to the sea level fluctuations observed in southeast Alaska. That correction is...
Criticism of some forecasts of the National Earthquake Prediction Evaluation Council
James C. Savage
1991, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (81) 862-881
The Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities has assigned probabilities for rupture in the interval from 1988 to 2018 to various segments of the San Andreas fault on the basis of the lognormal distribution of recurrence times of characteristic earthquakes postulated by Nishenko and Buland (1987). I question the validity...
Geographic and seasonal distribution of herbicides in streams of the midwestern United States
D. A. Goolsby, E.M. Thurman, D.W. Kolpin
1991, Conference Paper, Proceedings, Irrigation and Drainage Engineering Conference
No abstract available....
Quartz solubility in hydrothermal seawater: An experimental study and equation describing quartz solubility for up to 0.5 M NaCl solutions
K. L. Von Damm, James L. Bischoff, Robert J. Rosenbauer
1991, American Journal of Science (291) 977-1007
Experimental investigations confirm an increase of quartz solubility in sea-water relative to distilled water. Combination of the experimental data with published data, most of which related to distilled water, permitted construction of a database for calculating an equation that fits all the data. Application of the equation indicates a shallower...
