Picritic glasses from Hawaii
D.A. Clague, W. S. Weber, J.E. Dixon
1991, Nature (353) 553-556
Estimates of the MgO content of primary Hawaiian tholeiitic melts range from 8wt% to as high as 25wt% (refs 1, 2). In general, these estimates are derived from analysis of the whole-rock composition of lavas, coupled with the compositions of the most magnesian olivine phenocrysts observed. But the best estimate...
The Loma Prieta earthquake, ground motion, and damage in Oakland, Treasure Island, and San Francisco
Thomas C. Hanks, A. Gerald Brady
1991, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (81) 2019-2047
The basis of this study is the acceleration, velocity, and displacement wave-forms of the Loma Prieta earthquake (18 October 1989; M = 7.0) at two rock sites in San Francisco, a rock site on Yerba Buena Island, an artificial-fill site on Treasure Island, and three sites in Oakland underlain by...
Nasitrema sp.-associated encephalitis in a striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) stranded in the Gulf of Mexico
Thomas J. O'Shea, Bruce L. Homer, Ellis C. Greiner, A. William Layton
1991, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (27) 706-709
An immature female striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) found dead on a northwestern Florida beach in 1988 exhibited severe inflammation bilaterally in the dorsal and mid-thalamus in association with adult trematodes (Nasitrema sp.) and trematode eggs. Numerous specimens of Nasitrema sp. also were present in the pterygoid sinuses. Pneumonia in association...
Proposed U.S. Geological Survey standard for digital orthophotos
David Hooper, Vincent Caruso
1991, Conference Paper, 1991 ACSM-ASPRS Fall Convention
No abstract available....
Geochemistry and mineralogy of fumarolic deposits, Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, Alaska: Bulk chemical and mineralogical evolution of dacite-rich protolith
J. J. Papike, T. E. C. Keith, Michael N. Spilde, K. C. Galbreath, C.K. Shearer, J.C. Laul
1991, American Mineralogist (76) 1662-1673
Samples from a fossil fumarole originating in the 1912 ash-flow tuffin the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes have been analyzed to ascertain chemical changes resulting from high-temperature fumarolic alteration and subsequent cooling and weathering of the protolith. Samples of the underlying, dominantly leached, dacite-rich portion of the ash-flow tuff adjacent...
Regional side-scan sonar swath mapping: A tool for environmental monitoring
H. A. Karl, William C. Schwab
1991, Conference Paper, OCEANS 91 proceedings
No abstract available....
Global warming and prairie wetlands: potential consequences for waterfowl habitat
Karen A. Poiani, W. Carter Johnson
1991, BioScience (41) 611-618
The accumulation of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere is expected to warm the earth's climate at an unprecedented rate (Ramanathan 1988, Schneider 1989). If the climate models are correct, within 100 years the earth will not only be warmer than it has been during the past million years, but...
Substrate discrimination in burying beetles, Nicrophorus orbicollis (Coleoptera: Silphidae)
Erin Louise Muths
1991, Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society (64) 447-450
Burying beetles Nicrophorus orbicollis (Coleoptera: Silphidae) secure and bury small vertebrate carcasses as a food resource for their offspring and themselves. Burial may take place at the point of carcass discovery or at some distance from that site. Burying beetles were tested to determine if they discriminate between different substrates...
Historic creep rate and potential for seismic slip along the Hayward Fault, California
J. J. Lienkaemper, G. Borchardt, M. Lisowski
1991, Journal of Geophysical Research (96) 18261-18283
The Hayward fault is considered the most likely source of one or more major earthquakes in the San Francisco Bay area in the next few decades. Historically, at least one, and probably two, major earthquakes (about M 6.8) occurred along the Hayward fault, one in 1836 and another in 1868. Little is...
Science, population ecology, and the management of the American black duck
James D. Nichols
1991, Journal of Wildlife Management (55) 790-799
This essay deals with the relevance of some of the ideas of Romesburg (1981) to population ecology and management of the American black duck (Anas rubripes). Most investigations dealing with the effects of hunting regulations on black duck populations have used the hypothetico-deductive (H-D) approach of specifying a priori hypotheses...
Ground-penetrating radar: A tool for mapping reservoirs and lakes
C.C. Truman, L.E. Asmussen, H.D. Allison
1991, Journal of Soil and Water Conservation (46) 370-373
Ground-penetrating radar was evaluated as a tool for mapping reservoir and lake bottoms and providing stage-storage information. An impulse radar was used on a 1.4-ha (3.5-acre) reservoir with 31 transects located 6.1 m (20 feet) apart. Depth of water and lateral extent of the lake bottom were accurately measured by...
Survival of postfledging female American black ducks
Jerry R. Longcore, Daniel G. McAuley, Catherine Frazer
1991, Journal of Wildlife Management (55) 573-580
We equipped 106 hatching-year (HY), female, black ducks (Anas rubripes) with transmitters during 1985-87 and monitored survival from late August to mid-December on a lightly hunted area on the Maine-New Brunswick border. The 1985-87 estimate of survival (hunting losses included) was 0.593, and when losses from hunting were censored it...
Fossil and genetic history of a pinyon pine (Pinus edulis) isolate
Julio L. Betancourt, William Schuster, Jeffry B. Mitton, R. Scott Anderson
1991, Ecology (72) 1685-1697
The most isolated northern stand of Colorado pinyon pine (Pinus edulis) at Owl Canyon, Colorado, USA has a broad and flat size class distribution common to population expansions, with the largest and oldest trees near the center of the grove. Analyses of fossil packrat (Neotoma sp.) middens within the grove...
Geochemistry of dissolved inorganic carbon in a Coastal Plain aquifer. 2. Modeling carbon sources, sinks, and δ13C evolution
Peter B. McMahon, Francis H. Chapelle
1991, Journal of Hydrology (127) 109-135
Stable isotope data for dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), carbonate shell material and cements, and microbial CO2 were combined with organic and inorganic chemical data from aquifer and confining-bed pore waters to construct geochemical reaction models along a flowpath in the Black Creek aquifer of South Carolina. Carbon-isotope fractionation between DIC...
Modelling of turbidity currents on Navy Submarine Fan, California Continental Borderland
Anthony J. Bowen, William R. Normark, David J. W. Piper
1991, Book chapter, Deep-Water Turbidite Systems
Several Holocene turbidites can be correlated across much of Navy Fan through more than 100 sediment core localities. The uppermost muddy turbidite unit is mapped throughout the northern half of the fan; its volume, grain-size distribution and the maximum height of deposition on the basin slopes are known. These parameters...
Images from Galileo of the Venus cloud deck
M. J. S. Belton, P.J. Gierasch, M. D. Smith, P. Helfenstein, P.J. Schinder, James B. Pollack, K.A. Rages, A.P. Ingersoll, K.P. Klaasen, J. Veverka, C.D. Anger, M. H. Carr, C. R. Chapman, M. E. Davies, F. P. Fanale, R. Greeley, R. Greenberg, J. W. Head III, D. Morrison, G. Neukum, C.B. Pilcher
1991, Science (253) 1531-1536
Images of Venus taken at 418 (violet) and 986 [near-infrared (NIR)] nanometers show that the morphology and motions of large-scale features change with depth in the cloud deck. Poleward meridional velocities, seen in both spectral regions, are much reduced in the NIR. In the south polar region the markings in...
Galileo infrared imaging spectroscopy measurements at Venus
R. W. Carlson, K. H. Baines, Th. Encrenaz, F. W. Taylor, P. Drossart, L.W. Kamp, James B. Pollack, E. Lellouch, A.D. Collard, S.B. Calcutt, D. Grinspoon, P.R. Weissman, W. D. Smythe, A.C. Ocampo, G. E. Danielson, F. P. Fanale, T. V. Johnson, H. H. Kieffer, D. L. Matson, T. B. McCord, L.A. Soderblom
1991, Science (253) 1541-1548
During the 1990 Galileo Venus flyby, the Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer investigated the night-side atmosphere of Venus in the spectral range 0.7 to 5.2 micrometers. Multispectral images at high spatial resolution indicate substantial cloud opacity variations in the lower cloud levels, centered at 50 kilometers altitude. Zonal and meridional winds...
Regulation of PCBs
Thomas J. O'Shea
1991, Science (253)
No abstract available....
Radiocarbon test of earthquake magnitude at the Cascadia subduction zone
B.F. Atwater, M. Stuiver, D.K. Yamaguchi
1991, Nature (353) 156-158
The Cascadia subduction zone, which extends along the northern Pacific coast of North America, might produce earthquakes of magnitude 8 or 9 ('great' earthquakes) even though it has not done so during the past 200 years of European observation1–7. Much of the evidence for past Cascadia earthquakes comes from former...
Crustal subsidence and extension and Medicine Lake volcano, northern California
Daniel Dzurisin, Julie M. Donnelly-Nolan, John R. Evans, Stephen R. Walter
1991, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (96) 16319-16333
The pattern of historical ground deformation, seismicity, and crustal structure near Medicine Lake volcano illustrates a close relation between magmatism and tectonism near the margin of the Cascade volcanic chain and the Basin and Range tectonic province. Between leveling surveys in 1954 and 1989 the summit of Medicine Lake volcano...
Ectoparasitism and the role of green nesting material in the European starling
P.T. Fauth, Christopher H. Kremer, James E. Hines
1991, Oecologia (88) 22-29
The use of green nesting material is widespread among birds. Recent evidence suggests that birds use secondary chemicals contained in green plants to control ectoparasites. We manipulated green nesting material and ectoparasites of European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) to test two hypotheses: (1) ectoparasites adversely affect prefledging survival and morphometrics or...
Tomographic imaging of subducted lithosphere below northwest Pacific island arcs
R. van der Hilst, R. Engdahl, W. Spakman, G. Nolet
1991, Nature (353) 37-43
The seismic tomography problem does not have a unique solution, and published tomographic images have been equivocal with regard to the deep structure of subducting slabs. An improved tomographic method, using a more realistic background Earth model and surface-reflected as well as direct seismic phases, shows that slabs beneath the...
Conservation of the Yellowstone grizzly bear
David J. Mattson, Matthew M. Reid
1991, Conservation Biology (5) 364-372
We review literature relevant to the conservation of Yellowstone's grizzly bear population and appraise the bear's long-term viability. We conclude that the population is isolated and vulnerable to epidemic perturbation and that the carrying capacity of the habitat is likely to shift downward under conditions of climate change. Viability analyses...
Rare earth elements in Japan Sea sediments and diagenetic behavior of Ce/Ce∗: results from ODP Leg 127
R. Murray, Marilyn R. Buchholtz ten Brink, Hans-Juergen Brumsack, David C. Gerlach, G. Price Russ
1991, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (55) 2453-2466
The relative effects of paleoceanographic and paleogeographic variations, sediment lithology, and diagenetic processes on the recorded rare earth element (REE) chemistry of Japan Sea sediments are evaluated by investigating REE total abundances and relative fractionations in 59 samples from Ocean Drilling Program Leg 127. REE total abundances (ΣREE) in the Japan...
Lead accumulation and osprey production near a mining site on the Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho
Charles J. Henny, Lawrence J. Blus, David J. Hoffman, Robert A. Grove, Jeffrey S. Hatfield
1991, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (21) 415-424
Mining and smelting at Kellogg-Smelterville, Idaho, resulted in high concentrations of lead in Coeur d'Alene (CDA) River sediments 15–65 km downstream, where ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) nested. Adult and nestling ospreys living along the CDA River had significantly higher blood lead concentrations than those at Lake Coeur d'Alene (intermediate area) or...
