Geochemistry of dissolved inorganic carbon in a Coastal Plain aquifer. 1. Sulfate from confining beds as an oxidant in microbial CO2 production
F. H. Chapelle, P.B. McMahon
1991, Journal of Hydrology (127) 85-108
A primary source of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the Black Creek aquifer of South Carolina is carbon dioxide produced by microbially mediated oxidation of sedimentary organic matter. Groundwater chemistry data indicate, however, that the available mass of inorganic electron acceptors (oxygen, Fe(III),...
Late Cretaceous paleomagnetism of the Tucson Mountains: Implications for vertical axis rotations in south central Arizona
J.T. Hagstrum, P. W. Lipman
1991, Journal of Geophysical Research (96) 16069-16081
The Tucson Mountains of southern Arizona are the site of an Upper Cretaceous caldera from which the rhyolitic Cat Mountain Tuff was erupted at about 72 Ma. Two magnetic units within the Cat Mountain Tuff are distinguished by paleomagnetic data in both the northern and...
MBSSAS: A code for the computation of margules parameters and equilibrium relations in binary solid-solution aqueous-solution systems
P. D. Glynn
1991, Computers & Geosciences (17) 907-966
The computer code MBSSAS uses two-parameter Margules-type excess-free-energy of mixing equations to calculate thermodynamic equilibrium, pure-phase saturation, and stoichiometric saturation states in binary solid-solution aqueous-solution (SSAS) systems. Lippmann phase diagrams, Roozeboom diagrams, and distribution-coefficient diagrams can be constructed from the output data files,...
Cretaceous-Eocene (Laramide) landscape development and Oligocene- Pliocene drainage reorganization of transition zone and Colorado Plateau, Arizona
D. P. Elston, R.A. Young
1991, Journal of Geophysical Research (96) 12389-12406
Landscape development of central and northern Arizona can no longer be ascribed mainly to events of Miocene and Pliocene age. New information on the age and distribution of older Cenozoic deposits has led to the recognition of a regional Cretaceous-Paleocene(?) surface of erosion that conforms...
Low intensity of the geomagnetic field in early Jurassic time
M. Perrin, M. Prevot, E. A. Mankinen
1991, Journal of Geophysical Research (96) 14197-14210
From a large collection of Jurassic continental tholeiites cropping out in Europe and Africa, we selected 90 samples for paleointensity determinations. The samples were carefully selected to avoid any secondary magnetizations, especially viscous magnetization. Use of the Thellier method reveals that magnetic property changes due to...
Drought description
N.C. Matalas
1991, Stochastic Hydrology and Hydraulics (5) 255-260
What constitutes a comprehensive description of drought, a description forming a basis for answering why a drought occurred is outlined. The description entails two aspects that are "naturally" coupled, named physical and economic, and treats the set of hydrologic measures of droughts in terms of their multivariate distribution, rather than...
Reconciliation of stress and structural histories of the Tharsis region of Mars
K. L. Tanaka, M.P. Golombek, W.B. Banerdt
1991, Journal of Geophysical Research (96) 15617-15633
We present a new compilation of the structural and stratigraphic evolution of the Tharsis region of Mars that incorporates recent advances in understanding its stratigraphy, and we introduce a lithospheric deformation model that can account for the observations. The first period in the formation of...
Imaging the Juan de Fuca plate beneath southern Oregon using teleseismic P wave residuals
R.A. Harris, H. M. Iyer, P.B. Dawson
1991, Journal of Geophysical Research (96) 19879-19889
The Juan de Fuca plate subducts under the western margin of the North American plate in southern British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and northern California. Benioff zone seismicity delineates shallow parts of the plate in Washington and northern California, whereas in Oregon there is a lack of...
Importance of geologic characterization of potential low-level radioactive waste disposal sites
C.P. Weibel, R. C. Berg
1991, Environmental Geology and Water Sciences (18) 209-214
Using the example of the Geff Alternative Site in Wayne County, Illinois, for the disposal of low-level radioactive waste, this paper demonstrates, from a policy and public opinion perspective, the importance of accurately determining site stratigraphy. Complete and accurate characterization of geologic materials and determination of site stratigraphy at potential...
A northern Cordilleran ocean-continent transect: Sitka Sound, Alaska, to Atlin Lake, British Columbia
D. A. Brew, Susan M. Karl, D.F. Barnes, R.C. Jachens, A. B. Ford, R. Horner
1991, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (28) 840-853
The 155 km wide, 310 km long Sitka Sound – Atlin Lake continent–ocean transect includes almost all the geologic, geophysical, and geotectonic elements of the Canadian Cordillera. It crosses the Chugach, Wrangellia, Alexander, Stikine, and Cache Creek terranes, the Gravina and Laberge overlap assemblages, intrusive and metamorphic belts, and neotectonic faults that...
Heat capacities of kaolinite from 7 to 380 K and of DMSO- intercalated kaolinite from 20 to 310 K. The entropy of kaolinite Al2Si2O5(OH)4
Richard A. Robie, Bruce S. Hemingway
1991, Clays and Clay Minerals (39) 362-368
The heat capacities of kaolinite (7 to 380 K) and of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) intercalated kaolinite (20 to 310 K) were measured by adiabatically shielded calorimetry. The third law entropy of kaolinite, S°298, is 200.9 ± 0.5 J ⋅ mol-1 ⋅ K-1.The "melting point" of the DMSO in the intercalate,...
Implications for organic maturation studies of evidence of a geologically rapid increase and stabilization of vitrinite reflectance at peak temperature: Cerro Prieto geothermal system, Mexico
C.E. Barker
1991, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (75) 1852-1863
A short-term rapid heating and cooling of the rock in well M-94 below 1300 m was caused by a pulse of hot water passing through the edge of the Cerro Prieto, Mexico, geothermal system. Below 1300 m, the peak paleotemperatures were about 225-250 degrees C, but equilibrium well log temperatures...
Neogene biostratigraphy and paleoenvironments of Enewetak Atoll, equatorial Pacific Ocean
T. M. Cronin, L.M. Bybell, E. M. Brouwers, T. G. Gibson, R. Margerum, R.Z. Poore
1991, Marine Micropaleontology (18) 101-114
Micropaleontologic analyses of Neogene sediments from Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands, provide data on the age of lagoonal deposits, stratigraphic disconformities and the paleoenvironmental and subsidence history of the atoll. Benthic foraminifers, planktic foraminifers, calcareous nannofossils and ostracodes were studied from six boreholes, the deepest penetrating 1605 feet below the lagoon...
Large-scale coastal evolution of Louisiana's barrier islands
Jeffrey H. List, Bruce E. Jaffe, Sallenger Jr.
1991, Conference Paper, Coastal Sediments '91; Volume 2
The prediction of large-scale coastal change is an extremely important, but distant goal. Here we describe some of our initial efforts in this direction, using historical bathymetric information along a 150 km reach of the rapidly evolving barrier island coast of Louisiana. Preliminary results suggest that the relative sea level...
Recognition of microclimate zones through radon mapping, Lechuguilla Cave, Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico
K.I. Cunningham, E. J. LaRock
1991, Health Physics (61) 493-500
Radon concentrations range from <185 to 3,515 Bq m-3 throughout Lechuguilla Cave, Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico. Concentrations in the entrance passages and areas immediately adjacent to these passages are controlled by outside air temperature and barometric pressure, similar to other Type 2 caves. Most of the cave is...
Our changing continent
John Stevens Schlee
1991, Report
A reconnaissance study of halogenated organic compounds in catfish from the lower Mississippi river and its major tributaries
T.J. Leiker, C.E. Rostad, C.R. Barnes, W. E. Pereira
1991, Chemosphere (23) 817-829
Blue catfish, (Ictarurus furcatus), black bullhead catfish, (Ictalurus melas), channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), and flathead catfish (Pylodictus olivaris), were collected along a 1200 mile river reach of the Mississippi River and its major tributaries. Tissue samples were extracted and analyzed by fused silica capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to determine...
Brine evolution and mineral deposition in hydrologically open evaporite basins
W. E. Sanford, W.W. Wood
1991, American Journal of Science (291) 687-710
A lumped-parameter, solute mass-balance model is developed to define the role of water outflow from a well-mixed basin. A mass-balance model is analyzed with a geochemical model designed for waters with high ionic strengths. Two typical waters, seawater and a Na-HCO3 ground water, are analyzed to illustrate the control that...
Preliminary assessment of the effects of selenium in agricultural drainage on fish in the San Joaquin Valley
M. K. Saiki, M.R. Jennings, S. J. Hamilton
A. Dinar, D. Zilberman, editor(s)
1991, Book chapter, The economics and management of water and drainage in agriculture.
Concentrations of total selenium were measured in whole-body samples of seven fishes from the Sacramento and San Joaquin River systems and the San Francisco Bay complex. Concentrations of selenium (up to 11 µg/g dry weight in whole-body composite samples) were highest in fish from canals and sloughs in...
Fate of silicate minerals in a peat bog
Philip C. Bennett, Donald I. Siegel, Barbara M. Hillier, Paul H. Glaser
1991, Geology (19) 328-331
An investigation of silicate weathering in a Minnesota mire indicates that quartz and aluminosilicates rapidly dissolve in anoxic, organic-rich, neutral- pH environments. Vertical profiles of pH, dissolved silicon, and major cations were obtained at a raised bog and a spring fen and compared. Profiles of readily extractable silicon, diatom...
Regional assessment of nonpoint-source pesticide residues in ground water, San Joaquin Valley, California
Joseph L. Domagalski, N. M. Dubrovsky
1991, Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4027
No abstract available....
Vegetation patterns and environmental gradients in coastal meadows on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska
Karen L. Kincheloe, Robert A. Stehn
1991, Canadian Journal of Botany (69) 1616-1627
Tundra vegetation and environmental variables were sampled on the Yukon–Kuskokwim delta in western Alaska. On transects extending from intertidal mudflat to upland tundra, we estimated cover by vascular plant species, soil moisture, salinity, relative elevation, depth to permafrost, and distance upriver from the coast. Two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN)...
Altitude of the water table in the Biscayne aquifer, Dade County, Florida, April 25-28, 1988
A.C. Lietz
1991, Open-File Report 92-32
No abstract available....
Geochemistry of halogens in the Milk River aquifer, Alberta, Canada
J. Fabryka-Martin, Donald O. Whittemore, S.N. Davis, P.W. Kubik, Prakash Sharma
1991, Applied Geochemistry (6) 447-464
Analytical data are presented for Cl, Br and I on a regional scale for the Milk River aquifer. The three halides show strikingly similar spatial distributions and are highly correlated. Concentrations are low in the freshwater portions of the aquifer but increase by as much as two orders of magnitude...
Influence of pycnocline topography and water-column structure on marine distributions of alcids (Aves: Alcidae) in Anadyr Strait, Northern Bering Sea, Alaska
J. Christopher Haney
1991, Marine Biology (110) 419-435
Systematic ship-board surveys were used to simultaneously record seabird abundances and resolve coarse-scale (3 to 10 km) horizontal and fine-scale (1 to 10 m) vertical variability in water-column structure and bathymetry for portions of the coastal zone in Anadyr Strait near western St. Lawrence Island, northern Bering Sea, Alaska, during...
