Strategies and equipment for sampling suspended sediment and associated toxic chemicals in large rivers - with emphasis on the Mississippi River
R.H. Meade, H.H. Stevens Jr.
1990, Conference Paper, Science of the Total Environment
A Lagrangian strategy for sampling large rivers, which was developed and tested in the Orinoco and Amazon Rivers of South America during the early 1980s, is now being applied to the study of toxic chemicals in the Mississippi River. A series of 15-20 cross-sections of the Mississippi mainstem and its...
Berriasian (Early Cretaceous) radiometric ages from the Grindstone Creek Section, Sacramento Valley, California
T.J. Bralower, K.R. Ludwig, J. D. Obradovich
1990, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (98) 62-73
The Grindstone Creek Section, Glenn County, Northern California is a sequence of hemipelagic mudstone, siltstone and sandstone interbedded with concretionary limestone and a few thin tuffs and bentonites. Two tuffs have been collected from a narrow interval of this sequence and...
The uses of synchrotron radiation sources for elemental and chemical microanalysis
J.R. Chen, E. C. T. Chao, J.A. Minkin, J.M. Back, K.W. Jones, M.L. Rivers, S.R. Sutton
1990, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms (49) 533-543
Synchrotron radiation sources offer important features for the analysis of a material. Among these features is the ability to determine both the elemental composition of the material and the chemical state of its elements. For microscopic analysis synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (SXRF) microprobes now offer spatial resolutions of 10 ??m with...
Deep-water hydrocarbon seeps in Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California
Bernd R. T. Simoneit, P. F. Lonsdale, J.M. Edmond, Wayne C. Shanks III
1990, Applied Geochemistry (5) 41-49
Acoustically discovered hydrocarbon seeps along a transform fault zone on the Sonoran margin of Guaymas Basin and in the Southern Trough of Guaymas Basin were examined and sampled during dives of DSV Alvin. Seepage of methane and heavier hydrocarbons occurs through shallow...
Insular and submarine ferromanganese mineralization of the Tonga-Lau region
J.R. Hein, M. S. Schulz, Jung-Keuk Kang
1990, Marine Mining (9) 305-354
Ferromanganese oxides in the Tonga-Lau region are divided into crusts and stratabound deposits. Crusts were collected from the Tonga and Lau Ridges and have Fe/Mn ratios greater than 1, and an average Co content of 0.25%. The crusts average less than 10 mm thick with a maximum of 50 mm,...
Ouachitas need more exploratory drilling
Neil H. Suneson, Jock A. Campbell
1990, Oil & Gas Journal (88) 65-69
The Ouachita Mountains in southeastern Oklahoma and western Arkansas are part of a mostly buried late Paleozoic fold and thrust belt that extends from Alabama to northern Mexico. The principal hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Ouachita tectonic province can be subdivided into those that produce natural gas from shallow-water units and...
Iberian plate kinematics: A jumping plate boundary between Eurasia and Africa
S.P. Srivastava, Hans Schouten, W.R. Roest, Kim D. Klitgord, L.C. Kovacs, J. Verhoef, R. Macnab
1990, Nature (344) 756-759
THE rotation of Iberia and its relation to the formation of the Pyrenees has been difficult to decipher because of the lack of detailed sea-floor spreading data, although several models have been proposed1-7. Here we use detailed aeromagnetic measurements from the sea floor offshore of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland...
Reef growth and volcanism on the submarine southwest rift zone of Mauna Loa, Hawaii
J.G. Moore, W. R. Normark, Barney J. Szabo
1990, Bulletin of Volcanology (52) 375-380
A marine sampling program, utilizing the PISCES-5 submersible operated by the Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory (NOAA), has confirmed the presence of a major submerged coral reef offshore from Ka Lae (South Point), Hawaii. The top of the reef is now 150-160 m below sea level. Radiocarbon and Useries dating indicates...
Partitioning of F between H2O and CO2 fluids and topaz rhyolite melt - Implications for mineralizing magmatic-hydrothermal fluids in F-rich granitic systems
J.D. Webster
1990, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (104) 424-438
Fluid/melt distribution coefficients for F have been determined in experiments conducted with peraluminous topaz rhyolite melts and fluids consisting of H2O and H2O+CO2 at pressures of 0.5 to 5 kbar, temperatures of 775??-1000??C, and concentrations of F in the melt ranging from 0.5 to 6.9 wt%. The major element, F,...
Late Cretaceous age of fractures in the Sierra Nevada batholith, California
P. Segall, E.H. McKee, S.J. Martel, B. D. Turrin
1990, Geology (18) 1248-1257
Regional sets of steeply dipping joints and faults are common throughout the Sierra Nevada batholith, yet relatively little is known about how or when they formed. Within some east-northeast-striking, left-lateral fault zones in the Mount Abbot quadrangle of the central Sierra Nevada, the...
Seismic site effects and the spatial interpolation of earthquake seismograms: Results using aftershocks of the 1986 North Palm Springs, California, earthquake
P. Spudich, D.P. Miller
1990, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (80) 1504-1532
We address the following two questions. Can a microearthquake's ground motions be modeled by incident P and S waves that excite a site transfer-function that is a smooth function of incidence angle? Given recorded ground motions from a set of earthquakes having known locations and mechanisms, can we derive such...
Fluorian garnets from the host rocks of the Skaergaard intrusion: implications for metamorphic fluid composition
C. E. Manning, D.K. Bird
1990, American Mineralogist (75) 859-873
Zoned, silica-deficient, calcic garnets containing up to 5 mol% F substitution for O formed during contact metamorphism of basalts by the Skaergaard intrusion in East Greenland. Fluorian calcic garnets occur as a retrograde alteration of prograde wollastonite and clinopyroxene that fills vesicles and vugs in lavas 30-70 m from the...
Characterization of transport in an acidic and metal-rich mountain stream based on a lithium tracer injection and simulations of transient storage
Kenneth E. Bencala, Diane M. McKnight, Gary W. Zellweger
1990, Water Resources Research (26) 989-1000
Physical parameters characterizing solute transport in the Snake River (an acidic and metal-rich mountain stream near Montezuma, Colorado) were variable along a 5.2-km study reach. Stream cross-sectional area and volumetric inflow each varied by a factor of 3. Because of transient storage, the residence time of injected tracers in the...
Diagenesis associated with subaerial exposure of Miocene strata, southeastern Spain: Implications for sea-level change and preservation of low-temperature fluid inclusions in calcite cement
R.H. Goldstein, E. K. Franseen, M. S. Mills
1990, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (54) 699-704
Many ancient carbonate rocks contain calcite cements that precipitated from shallow, fresh groundwater that entered strata during events of subaerial exposure. Such low-temperature cementation may be difficult to interpret from fluid inclusion studies because some of the inclusions may reequilibrate during later thermal events. Miocene rocks of southeast Spain provide...
National contaminant biomonitoring program: concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, selenium, and zinc in U.S. Freshwater Fish, 1976–1984
Christopher J. Schmitt, William G. Brumbaugh
1990, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (19) 731-747
From late 1984 to early 1985, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service collected a total of 315 composite samples of whole fish from 109 stations nationwide, which were analyzed for arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, selenium, and zinc. Geometric mean, maximum, and 85th percentile concentrations (μg/g wet weight) for 1984...
Relationships among macerals, minerals, miospores and paleoecology in a column of Redstone coal (Upper Pennsylvanian) from north-central West Virginia (U.S.A.)
W.C. Grady, C.F. Eble
1990, International Journal of Coal Geology (15) 1-26
Two distinct paleoenvironments are represented in vertical succession in a column of Redstone coal in north-central West Virginia as indicated by a study of 37 consecutive 3-cm (0.1 ft) increments analyzed for ash yield, petrographic composition, low-temperature ash mineralogy and palynomorph...
Determination and occurrence of AHH-active polychlorinated biphenyls, 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-p-dioxin and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran in Lake Michigan sediment and biota. The question of their relative toxicological significance
Lawrence M. Smith, Ted R. Schwartz, Kevin Feltz, Timothy J. Kubiak
1990, Chemosphere (21) 1063-1085
An analytical procedure has been developed for the determination of the 18 PCB congeners which are inducers of methylcholanthrene-like mixed function oxidase activity in animals and include the most toxic PCBs. Determinations of the toxic PCB congeners in samples of eggs of predatory fish and piscivorous birds of the Great...
36C1 measurements and the hydrology of an acid injection site
G. Vourvopoulos, J. V. Brahana, E. Nolte, G. Korschinek, A. Priller, B. Dockhorn
1990, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms (52) 451-454
In an area in western Tennessee (United States), an industrial firm is injecting acidic (pH = 0.1) iron chloride into permeable zones of carbonate rocks at depths ranging from 1000 to 2200 m below land surface. Overlying the injection zone at a depth of approximately 500 m below land surface...
Longevity of treethrow microtopography: Implications for mass wasting
R.J. Schaetzl, L.R. Follmer
1990, Geomorphology (3) 113-123
This study examines and compares methods of dating pit/mound microtopography formed by tree uprooting, and provides 14C evidence for the longevity of these landforms. Microtopography can often by dated by reference to known meteorological phenomena, or within certain age constraints, by dendrochronologic means....
Age determinations and growth rates of Pacific ferromanganese deposits using strontium isotopes
B.L. Ingram, J.R. Hein, G. L. Farmer
1990, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (54) 1709-1721
87Sr 86Sr ratios, trace element and REE compositions, and textural characteristics were determined for three hydrogenetic Fe-Mn crusts, one hydrothermal deposit, and two mixed hydrothermalhydrogenetic crusts from the Pacific. The Sr isotope data are compared to the Sr seawater curve for the Cenozoic to determine the ages and growth rates...
A quantitative micropaleontologic method for shallow marine peleoclimatology: Application to Pliocene deposits of the western North Atlantic Ocean
T. M. Cronin, H.J. Dowsett
1990, Marine Micropaleontology (16) 117-147
A transfer function was developed to estimate summer and winter paleotemperatures for arctic to tropical regions of the western North Atlantic Ocean using fossil ostracode assemblages. Q-mode factor analysis was run on ostracode assemblages from 100 modern bottom sediment samples from continental shelves of North America, Greenland and the Caribbean...
Sedimentology and petroleum occurrence, Schoolhouse Member, Maroon Formation (Lower Permian), northwestern Colorado
Samuel Y. Johnson, Christopher J. Schenk, D. L. Anders, Michele L. Tuttle
1990, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (74) 135-150
The Lower Permian Schoolhouse Member of the Maroon Formation forms a partly exhumed petroleum reservoir in the Eagle basin of northwestern Colorado. The Schoolhouse consists mainly of yellowish gray to gray, low-angle to parallel bedded, very fine to fine-grained sandstone of eolian sand-sheet origin; interbedded fluvial deposits are present in...
The Taylor Creek Rhyolite of New Mexico: a rapidly emplaced field of lava domes and flows
W. A. Duffield, G. B. Dalrymple
1990, Bulletin of Volcanology (52) 475-487
The Tertiary Taylor Creek Rhyolite of southwest New Mexico comprises at least 20 lava domes and flows. Each of the lavas was erupted from its own vent, and the vents are distributed throughout a 20 km by 50 km area. The volume of the rhyolite and genetically associated pyroclastic deposits...
Molecular orbital (SCF-X-α-SW) theory of Fe2+-Mn3+, Fe3+-Mn2+, and Fe3+-Mn3+ charge transfer and magnetic exchange in oxides and silicates
David M. Sherman
1990, American Mineralogist (75) 256-261
Metal-metal charge-transfer and magnetic exchange interactions have important effects on the optical spectra, crystal chemistry, and physics of minerals. Previous molecular orbital calculations have provided insight on the nature of Fe2+-Fe3+ and Fe2+-Ti4+ charge-transfer transitions in oxides and silicates. In this work, spin-unrestricted molecular orbital calculations on (FeMnO10) clusters are...
Spatial resolution requirements for automated cartographic road extraction
S. Benjamin, L. Gaydos
1990, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (56) 93-100
Ground resolution requirements for detection and extraction of road locations in a digitized large-scale photographic database were investigated. A color infrared photograph of Sunnyvale, California was scanned, registered to a map grid, and spatially degraded to 1- to 5-metre resolution pixels. Road locations in each data set were extracted using...
