Application of the 1:2,000,000-scale data base: A National Atlas sectional prototype
Donna M. Dixon
1985, Conference Paper, Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping
A study of the potential to produce a National Atlas sectional prototype from the 1:2,000,000-scale data base was concluded recently by the National Mapping Division, U. S. Geological Survey. This paper discusses the specific digital cartographic production procedures involved in the preparation of the prototype map, as well as the...
SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE METHOD TO MEASURE ACID DEPOSITION EFFECTS ON BUILDING STONE.
Marguerite J. Kingston, Cathy M. Ager
1985, Conference Paper, Technical Papers of the American Society of Photogrammetry, Annual Meeting
As part of the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP), the U. S. Geological Survey is cooperating with other agencies to test the effects of acid deposition on building stone. A 10-year test-site study has been organized for the purpose of correlating possible stone deterioration with environmental factors. In Summer...
Quantification of transit losses, and its effects on surface-water resources, Arkansas River basin, Colorado
Russell K. Livingston
1985, Conference Paper
Colorado Water Law enables downstream water users to use natural river channels to convey water from upstream storage reservoirs to downstream canals, provided an equitable charge is made for transit loss. Charging a variable transit-loss rate for delivery of winter water stored in Pueblo Reservoir has resulted in better management...
Global map of eolian features on Mars
A. W. Ward, K.B. Doyle, P. J. Helm, M.K. Weisman, N.E. Witbeck
1985, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (90) 2038-2056
Ten basic categories of eolian features on Mars were identified from a survey of Mariner 9 and Viking orbiter images. The ten features mapped are (1) light streaks (including frost streaks), (2) dark streaks, (3) sand sheets or splotches, (4) barchari dunes, (5) transverse dunes, (6) crescentic dunes, (7) anomalous...
Origin of caves and other solution openings in the unsaturated (vadose) zone of carbonate rocks: A model for CO2 generation
W.W. Wood
1985, Geology (13) 822-824
The enigma that caves and other solution openings form in carbonate rocks at great depths below land surface rather than forming from the surface downward can be explained by the generation of CO2 within the aquifer system. In the proposed model, CO2 is generated by the oxidation of particulate and/or...
Afrotarsius chatrathi, first tarsiiform primate (? Tarsiidae) from Africa
E.L. Simons, T. M. Bown
1985, Nature (313) 475-477
Tarsiiform primates have long been regarded as a Laurasian group, with an extensive fossil record in the Eocene of North America and Europe1-4 and two important but less well-known records from Asia5,6. The only living genus is Tarsius (Tarsiidae), whereas all of the fossil tarsier-like primates are usually placed in...
Interannual streamflow variability in the United States based on principal components
Harry F. Lins
1985, Water Resources Research (21) 691-701
Interannual modes of streamflow variation at 106 locations across the United States during the period 1931–1978 are defined by using principal components. Five statistically significant components are found to account for more than 56% of the total streamflow variance. The first principal component represents a nationwide tendency for either above-...
Early Tertiary marine fossils from northern Alaska: Implications for Arctic Ocean paleogeography and faunal evolution
L. Marincovich Jr., E. M. Brouwers, L. D. Carter
1985, Geology (13) 770-773
Marine mollusks and ostracodes indicate a post-Danian Paleocene to early Eocene (Thanetian to Ypresian) age for a fauna from the Prince Creek Formation at Ocean Point, northern Alaska, that also contains genera characteristic of the Cretaceous and Neogene-Quaternary. The life-association of heterochronous taxa...
Organic geochemical characterization of the New Albany Shale group in the Illinois Basin
I.-M. Chou, D. R. Dickerson
1985, Organic Geochemistry (8) 413-420
Benzene extractable aliphatic hydrocarbons from the New Albany Shale in the Illinois Basin were characterized by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, and the total organic matter of the shale was characterized by solid state carbon-13 cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance. Core samples from a northwest-trending cross-section of...
VOLATILIZATION OF ALKYLBENZENES FROM WATER.
R. E. Rathbun, D. Y. Tai
1985, Conference Paper, National Meeting - American Chemical Society, Division of Environmental Chemistry
Volatilization is a physical process of importance in determining the fate of many organic compounds in streams and rivers. This process is frequently described by the conceptual-two-film model. The model assumes uniformly mixed water and air phases separated by thin films of water and air in which mass transfer is...
An oxygen buffer for some peraluminous granites and metamorphic rocks.
E. Zen
1985, American Mineralogist (70) 65-73
The mineral assemblage biotite-garnet-muscovite-magnetite-quartz and its sub-sets are common in many peraluminous granites, schists and gneisses. If the biotite and garnet are reasonably iron-rich, then the system is a useful buffer for fO2. Available thermochemical data indicate that, in T-fO2 space, the buffer curve is located between the hematite-magnetite curve...
Estimates of average major ion concentrations in bulk precipitation at two high-altitude sites near the continental divide in southwestern Colorado
M.M. Reddy, H.C. Claassen
1985, Atmospheric Environment (19) 1199-1203
The composition of bulk precipitation from two high-altitude sites, established in 1971 near the Continental Divide in southwestern Colorado, has been monitored by season during the past decade. Calcium ions are the predominant cationic species; sulfate is the major anionic constituent. Bulk precipitation major ion concentrations exhibit log-normal distributions. Representative...
Water-rock interactions in fault gouge
J. R. O’Neil
1985, Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH (122) 440-446
Measurements were made of the amounts of D,18O, and H2O+ in fault gouge collected over a depth of 400 m in the San Andreas fault of California. The amounts and isotopic compositions of the pore fluids, also analyzed, suggest that formation waters from adjacent Franciscan rocks have migrated into the...
Map of Antelope Valley-East Kern Water Agency area, California, showing ground-water subunits and areas, location of wells, and lines of equal depth to water for spring 1983
W. R. Moyle Jr., Florence M. Glenn
1985, Open-File Report 84-726
No abstract available....
Limnocythere bradburyi n.sp.: a modern ostracode from central Mexico and a possible Quaternary paleoclimatic indicator
R. M. Forester
1985, Journal of Paleontology (59) 8-20
Limnocythere bradburyi is a new species of nonmarine ostracode that is living in several lakes in the central Mexican Plateau. These lakes are shallow, turbid, and pan-shaped, having relatively unstable and fluid substrates. Water levels of these lakes are high in the summer and low or dry in the winter....
40Ar/39Ar and K-Ar data bearing on the metamorphic and tectonic history of western New England
J. F. Sutter, N. M. Ratcliffe, S.B. Mukasa
1985, Geological Society of America Bulletin (96) 123-136
40Ar/39Ar ages of coexisting biotite and hornblende from Proterozoic Y gneisses of the Berkshire and Green Mountain massifs, as well as 40Ar/39Ar and K-Ar mineral and whole-rock ages from Paleozoic metamorphic rocks, suggest that the thermal peak for the dominant metamorphic recrystallization in western New England occurred 465 ± 5 m.y....
Interpretation of criteria commonly used to determine lead poisoning problem areas
Milton Friend
1985, Fish and Wildlife Leaflet 2
Determination of lead poisoning problem areas is complicated by the nature of the disease process. Rigorous documentation of lead poisoning as a cause of mortality in birds requires the integration and evaluation of pathological and toxicological data by an experienced diagnostician. No single technique provides unequivocal proof that lead exposure...
Toxicity of the lampricides 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) and 2',5-dichloro-4'-nitrosalicylanilide (Bayer 73) to eggs and nymphs of the mayfly (Hexagenia sp.)
T.D. Bills, L. L. Marking, J.J. Rach
1985, Technical Report 47
Eggs and nymphs of mayflies (Hexagenia sp.) were exposed to the lampricides 3-trifluoromethyl-4- nitrophenol (TFM) and 2',5-dichloro-4'-nitrosalcylanilide (Bayer 73) and to a mixture of 98% TFM and 2% Bayer 73 (TFM-2B) to determine the sensitivity of various life stages to these compounds. Some eggs and newly hatched...
Paleoclimate controls on late paleozoic sedimentation and peat formation in the central appalachian basin (U.S.A.)
C. B. Cecil, R.W. Stanton, S.G. Neuzil, F.T. Dulong, L.F. Ruppert, B.S. Pierce
1985, International Journal of Coal Geology (5) 195-230
In the central Appalachian basin, at least two major climate changes affected sedimentation during the late Paleozoic. Stratigraphically, these two changes are indicated by the distribution of coal beds, the variation in coal quality, and the variation in rock lithologies. In...
Classification of native vegetation at the Woodworth Station, North Dakota
M.I. Meyer
1985, Prairie Naturalist (17) 167-175
Native prairie areas on the Woodworth Station were sampled, classified, described, and mapped. Transect sites were selectively located along different soil moisture gradients. Data were collected from 292 plots using a modified Braun-Blanquet cover estimation technique. Trees and tall shrubs (over 2 m) were not sampled because they made up...
Stratigraphic and interregional changes in Pennsylvanian coal-swamp vegetation: Environmental inferences
T.L. Phillips, R.A. Peppers, William A. DiMichele
1985, International Journal of Coal Geology (5) 43-109
Quantitative analysis of Pennsylvanian coal-swamp vegetation provides a means of inferring organization and structure of communities. Distribution of these communities further provides inferences about environmental factors, including paleoclimate. Our observations are based on in situ, structurally preserved peat deposits in coal-ball...
Review of radiometric data from the Yukon crystalline terrane, Alaska and Yukon Territory
Frederic H. Wilson, James G. Smith, Nora B. Shew
1985, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (22) 525-537
The results of more than 20 years of geochronological studies in the Yukon Crystalline Terrane in east-central Alaska and the western Yukon Territory suggest at least six igneous and thermal (metamorphic?) events. Plutonism during Mississippian, Early Jurassic, mid-Cretaceous, Late Cretaceous, and early Tertiary times is indicated. Evidence also indicates that...
Water quality in the Blue Creek arm of Lake Eufaula and Blue Creek, Oklahoma, March-October 1978
J. K. Kurklin
1985, Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4039
Based on samples collected bimonthly for major inorganic and trace elements and monthly for biota and bacteria, water from the Blue Creek arm of Lake Eufaula and Blue Creek is suitable for most uses when compared to water-quality standards or criteria. Concentrations of most chemical constituents gradually increased from spring...
A preliminary evaluation of hydrology and water quality near the Tacoma landfill, Pierce County, Washington
W. E. Lum, G. L. Turney
1985, Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4351
The Tacoma landfill, located in western Pierce County, Washington, has been used for the disposal of waste since about 1960. Disposal operations are planned to continue at this site until at least 1990. Data were compiled and interpreted to help understand the possible effects of the landfill on water quality...
Ice-lubricated gravity spreading of the Olympus Mons aureole deposits
K. L. Tanaka
1985, Icarus (62) 191-206
Gravity sliding and spreading at low strain rates can account for the general morphology and structure of the aureoles and basal scarp of Olympus Mons. Detachment sliding could have occurred around the volcano if either pore-fluid pressures were exceptionally high (greater than 90%) or the rocks had very low resistance...
