Semi-quantitative ion microprobe mass analyses of mineral-rich particles from the upper freeport coal
R. B. Finkelman, D.S. Simons, F.T. Dulong, E.B. Steel
1984, International Journal of Coal Geology (3) 279-289
An ion microprobe mass analyzer (IMMA) has been used to analyze semi-quantitatively mineral-rich coal particles from two separate facies of the Upper Freeport coal bed. Accuracy is estimated to be ∓ 20% for those elements making up more than 0.1 wt.%...
Chemical oxidation of anthracite with hydrogen peroxide via the Fenton reaction
I. Heard, F. E. Senftle
1984, Fuel (63) 221-226
Solutions of 30% H2O2 ranging from pH = 0 to pH = 11.5 have been used to oxidize anthracite at room temperature. The inorganic impurities, primarily pyrite, catalysed the oxidation and reduction of H2O2 (the Fenton reaction) to form the hydroxyl radical; the oxidation of the organic matter was minimal and was observed only in strong...
Changing patterns of Pennsylvanian coal-swamp vegetation and implications of climatic control on coal occurrence
T.L. Phillips, R.A. Peppers
1984, International Journal of Coal Geology (3) 205-255
Improved regional and interregional stratigraphic correlations of Pennsylvanian strata permit comparisons of vegetational changes in Euramerican coal swamps. The coal-swamp vegetation is known directly from in situ coal-ball peat deposits from more than 65 coals in the United States and Europe....
ANALYSIS AND REDUCTION OF LANDSAT DATA FOR USE IN A HIGH PLAINS GROUND-WATER FLOW MODEL.
Gail Thelin, Leonard Gaydas, Walter Donovan, Carol Mladinich
1984, Conference Paper
Data obtained from 59 Landsat scenes were used to estimate the areal extent of irrigated agriculture over the High Plains region of the United States for a ground-water flow model. This model provides information on current trends in the amount and distribution of water used for irrigation. The analysis and...
Rehabilitation materials from surface- coal mines in western U.S.A. III. Relations between elements in mine soil and uptake by plants.
R. C. Severson, L. P. Gough
1984, Reclamation and Revegetation Research (3) 185-197
Plant uptake of Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn from mine soils was assessed using alfalfa Medicago sativa, sainfoin Onobrychis viciaefolia, smooth brome Bromus inermis, crested wheatgrass Agropyron cristatum, slender wheatgrass A. trachycaulum and intermediate wheatgrass A. intermedium; mine soil (cover-soil and spoil material) samples were collected...
Use of partial dissolution techniques in geochemical exploration
T. T. Chao
1984, Journal of Geochemical Exploration (20) 101-135
Application of partial dissolution techniques to geochemical exploration has advanced from an early empirical approach to an approach based on sound geochemical principles. This advance assures a prominent future position for the use of these techniques in geochemical exploration for concealed mineral deposits. Partial dissolution techniques are classified as single...
Accretionary lapilli in altered tuffs associated with coal beds
B.F. Bohor, Don M. Triplehorn
1984, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (54) 317-325
Accretionary lapilli have been identified in claystones (tonsteins) associated with coal beds of Late Cretaceous age in Wyoming, Utah, and New Mexico. The presence of accretionary lapilli in these tonstein partings confirms their volcanic origin. Similar concentric structures in other claystones not in...
Low-temperature heat capacities of CaAl2SiO6 glass and pyroxene and thermal expansion of CaAl2SiO6 pyroxene.
H.T. Haselton Jr., B. S. Hemingway, R. A. Robie
1984, American Mineralogist (69) 481-489
Low-T heat capacities (5-380 K) have been measured by adiabatic calorimetry for synthetic CaAl2SiO6 glass and pyroxene. High-T unit cell parameters were measured for CaAl2SiO6 pyroxene by means of a Nonius Guinier-Lenne powder camera in order to determine the mean coefficient of thermal expansion in the T range 25-1200oC. -J.A.Z....
Bonded-phase extraction column isolation of organic compounds in groundwater at a hazardous waste site
C.E. Rostad, W. E. Pereira, S.M. Ratcliff
1984, Analytical Chemistry (56) 2856-2860
A procedure for isolation of hazardous organic compounds from water for gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis Is presented and applied to creosote- and pentachlorophenol-contaminated groundwater resulting from wood-treatment processes. This simple procedure involved passing a 50-100-mL sample through a bonded-phase extraction column, eluting the trapped organic compounds from the column with...
Subsurface injection of treated sewage into a saline-water aquifer at St. Petersburg, Florida - Water-quality changes and potential for recovery of injected sewage
J.J. Hickey, G. G. Ehrlich
1984, Ground Water (22) 397-405
The city of St. Petersburg is testing subsurface injection of treated sewage into the Floridan aquifer as a means of eliminating discharge of sewage to surface waters and as a means of storing treated sewage for future nonpotable reuse. The injection zone at the test site at the start of...
Distribution of trace elements in coal from the Powhatan No. 6 mine, Ohio
C.A. Palmer, R.H. Filby
1984, Fuel (63) 318-328
Size and density separates of low-temperature-ashed coal from the Powhatan No. 6 mine, Ohio, have been used to determine the mode of occurrence of 28 minor and trace elements in coal. The size distribution of the major minerals has been determined, and correlations of trace elements with major minerals have...
The continental slope off New England: A long-range sidescan-sonar perspective
Kathryn M. Scanlon
1984, Geo-Marine Letters (4) 1-4
The first continuous overview of a large segment of the continental slope and rise off the northeastern United States has been obtained using the GLORIA II long-range sidescan-sonar system. Extensive dissection by canyon and gully systems and evidence of possible large-scale sediment sliding are seen on the slope. The style...
Sampling design optimization for spatial functions
Ricardo A. Olea
1984, Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology (16) 369-392
A new procedure is presented for minimizing the sampling requirements necessary to estimate a mappable spatial function at a specified level of accuracy. The technique is based on universal kriging, an estimation method within the theory of regionalized variables. Neither actual implementation of the sampling nor universal kriging estimations are...
Determination of rare-earth elements, yttrium and scandium in manganese nodules by inductively-coupled argon-plastma emission spectrometry
Terry L. Fries, Paul J Lamothe, J. J. Pesek
1984, Analytica Chimica Acta (159) 329-336
A sequential-scanning, inductively-coupled argon plasma emission spectrometer is used for the determination of the rare-earth elements, plus yttrium and scandium, in manganese nodules. Wavelength selection is optimized to minimize spectral interferences from manganese nodule components. Samples are decomposed with mixed acids in a sealed polycarbonate vessel, and elements are quantified...
Magmatic inclusions in rhyolites, contaminated basalts, and compositional zonation beneath the Coso volcanic field, California
C. R. Bacon, J. Metz
1984, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (85) 346-365
Basaltic lava flows and high-silica rhyolite domes form the Pleistocene part of the Coso volcanic field in southeastern California. The distribution of vents maps the areal zonation inferred for the upper parts of the Coso magmatic system. Subalkalic basalts (<50% SiO2) were erupted well away from the rhyolite field...
Periodic jökulhlaups from Pleistocene glacial Lake Missoula-New evidence from varved sediment in northern Idaho and Washington
Richard B. Waitt
1984, Quaternary Research (22) 46-58
Newly examined exposures in northern Idaho and Washington show that catastrophic floods from glacial Lake Missoula during late Wisconsin time were repeated, brief jökulhlaups separated by decades of quiet glaciolacustrine and subaerial conditions. Glacial Priest Lake, dammed in the Priest River valley by a tongue of the Purcell trench lobe...
Santaclaraite, a new calcium-manganese silicate hydrate from California.
Richard C. Erd, Y. Ohashi
1984, American Mineralogist (69) 200-206
Santaclaraite, ideally CaMn4(Si5O14(OH))(OH).H2O, occurs as pink and tan veins and masses in Franciscan chert in the Diablo Range, Santa Clara and Stanislaus counties, California. It is associated with four unidentified Mn silicates, Mn-howieite, quartz, braunite, calcite, rhodochrosite, kutnahorite, baryte, harmotome, chalcopyrite and native copper. Santaclaraite is triclinic, space group B1,...
Geophysical methods as mapping tools in a strata-bound gold deposit: Haile mine, South Carolina slate belt
J. C. Wynn, R.W. Luce
1984, Economic Geology (79) 382-388
Very low frequency electromagnetic, magnetic, and induced polarization methods. The very low frequency electromagnetic resistivity data show high resistivity zones that correlate with siliceous units known to host the gold. The magnetic data clearly identify the mafic and ultramafic dikes which cut metasediments and also fill faults that offset them....
Time and the crystallization of apatite in seawater
R. A. Gulbrandsen, C. E. Roberson, S.T. Neil
1984, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (48) 213-218
Carbonate fluorapatite has been synthesized in seawater in an experiment of nearly 10-years duration. The addition of phosphate to seawater whose fluoride concentration had been increased to 7.6 mg/l brought about an initial amorphous phosphate precipitate. After 20 months, a crystalline magnesium phosphate phase developed within the amorphous phosphate. Crystallization...
Gases and trace elements in soils at the North Silver Bell deposit, Pima County, Arizona
M. E. Hinkle, C.A. Dilbert
1984, Journal of Geochemical Exploration (20) 323-336
Soil samples were collected over the North Silver Bell porphyry copper deposit near Tucson, Arizona. Volatile elements and compounds in gases derived from the soils and metallic elements in the soils were analyzed in order: (1) to see which volatile constituents of the soils might be indicative of the...
The Balmat-Edwards zinc-lead deposits; synsedimentary ore from Mississippi Valley-type fluids
J. F. Whelan, R. O. Rye, W. Delorraine
1984, Economic Geology (79) 239-265
Reconstruction of some aspects of the initial environment of ore deposition through detailed S, C, and O isotope studies of the Fowler orebody, and through reconnaissance trace element and S isotope studies of sphalerite concentrates and composite samples of ore from 22 orebodies; and (2) evaluation of the effects of...
Catastrophic isotopic modification of rhyolitic magma at times of caldera subsidence, Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field
W. Hildreth, R.L. Christiansen, J. R. O’Neil
1984, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (89) 8339-8369
The Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field has undergone repeated eruption of rhyolitic magma strongly depleted in 18O. Large calderas subsided 2.0, 1.3, and 0.6 Ma ago, on eruption of ash flow sheets that represent at least 2500, 280, and 1000 km3 of zoned magma. More than 60 other rhyolite lavas and tuffs permit...
Uranium mineralization in response to regional metamorphism at Lilljuthatten, Sweden
J. S. Stuckless, B. Troeng
1984, Economic Geology (79) 509-528
Analyses of six mineralized and five nonmineralized whole-rock drill core samples from the uranium deposit at Lilljuthatten yield a lead-lead isochron age of 420 + or - 1 m.y. This age corresponds to the last stage of the Caledonian Orogeny. None of the isotopic systems examined have completely retained the...
Chromite from the Blue Ridge province of North Carolina
Bruce R. Lipin
1984, American Journal of Science (284) 507-529
Accessory chromite in dunite shows a variety of textures that indicate alteration. One group, type A, consists of four types of chromite: clean chromite; lattice chromite, in which the invading chlorite occurs along three directions in the (100) plane; optically zoned chromite; and poikiloblastic chromite. Most of type A chromites...
Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd evolution in lunar mare basalts
D.M. Unruh, P. Stille, P. J. Patchett, M. Tatsumoto
1984, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (89) B459-B477
Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd data for mare basalts combined with Rb-Sr and total REE data taken from the literature suggest that the mare basalts were derived by small (≤10%) degrees of partial melting of cumulate sources, but that the magma ocean from which these sources formed was light REE and Hf-enriched....
