Stratiform tourmalinites in metamorphic terranes and their geologic significance
J. F. Slack, N. Herriman, R.G. Barnes, I.R. Plimer
1984, Geology (12) 713-716
Stratiform tourmalinites are significant minor rock types in many regional metamorphic terranes of the world. Tourmalinites are more widespread than previously recognized and are especially common in Proterozoic and early Paleozoic sequences dominated by clastic metasedimentary rocks. They consist of conformable layers made...
Evaporation from flowing channels
J.M. Fulford, T.W. Sturm
1984, Journal of Energy Engineering - ASCE (110) 1-9
Stability‐dependent and Dalton‐type mass transfer formulas are determined from experimental evaporation data in ambient and heated channels and are shown to have similar performance in prediction of evaporation. The formulas developed are compared with those proposed by other investigators for lakes and flowing channels. The evaporation data were obtained from...
MULTISPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING OF CARBONATE ROCKS IN THE CONFUSION RANGE, UTAH.
James K. Crowley
1984, Conference Paper
Multispectral imagery recorded by the NASA/Bendix 24-channel aircraft scanner over the Confusion Range, Utah, proved to be extremely sensitive to lithologic variations in exposed carbonate rocks. Major carbonate units within a 16-km**2 study area were readily distinguished, and some aspects of their structure and stratigraphy could be inferred from image...
Lithotectonic assemblages as portrayed on the new bedrock geologic map of Massachusetts.
Norman L. Hatch Jr., E-An Zen, Richard Goldsmith, Nicholas M. Ratcliffe, Peter Robinson, Rolfe S. Stanley, David R. Wones
1984, American Journal of Science (284) 1026-1034
Scale of 1:250,000. The map units are grouped into eight lithotectonic packages. Five "zones" of older rocks that cover the whole state are, from west to east, the Taconic-Berkshire, Rowe-Hawley, Bronson Hill, Nashoba, and Milford-Dedham. In central and western Massachusetts, these zones are overlain by the Connecticut Valley and Merrimack...
Holocene age of the Yuha burial: Direct radiocarbon determinations by accelerator mass spectrometry
Thomas W. Stafford Jr., A.J.T. Jull, T.H. Zabel, D.J. Donahue, R.C. Duhamel, K. Brendel, C.V. Haynes Jr., J. L. Bischoff, L.A. Payen, R.E. Taylor
1984, Nature (308) 446-447
The view that human populations may not have arrived in the Western Hemisphere before about 12,000 radiocarbon yr BP1,2 has been challenged by claims of much greater antiquity for a small number of archaeological sites and human skeleton samples. One such site is the Homo sapiens sapiens cairn burial excavated...
Evolution of the yardangs at Rogers Lake, California
A. W. Ward, R. Greeley
1984, Geological Society of America Bulletin (95) 829-837
Yardangs are streamlined, wind-eroded hills common to most deserts. Yardangs at Rogers Lake, Mojave Desert, California, have streamlined forms characteristic of objects eroded by moving fluids, a teardrop shape that approaches an ideal 1:4 width-to-length ratio. In wind-tunnel simulations, miniature forms of various...
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ALASKAN GOLD PROJECT.
John C. Antweiler, John Cathrall, Richard Tripp
1984, Conference Paper, University of Alaska, Mineral Industry Research Laboratory, MIRL Report
The United States Geological Survey has begun a state-wide study of Alaskan gold deposits. The immediate goals are to determine the relationship of gold in placer deposits to possible primary sources, to determine how nuggets form, to contribute to existing knowledge of principles for prospecting for placer deposits, and determine...
On the treatment of evapotranspiration, soil moisture accounting, and aquifer recharge in monthly water balance models
William M. Alley
1984, Water Resources Research (20) 1137-1149
Several two- to six-parameter regional water balance models are examined by using 50-year records of monthly streamflow at 10 sites in New Jersey. These models include variants of the Thornthwaite-Mather model, the Palmer model, and the more recent Thomas abcd model. Prediction errors are relatively similar among the models. However, simulated values...
Determination of uranium concentration in water by liquid anion exchange-delayed neutron analysis
R. A. Zielinski, D. M. McKown
1984, Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry (84) 207-212
Dissolved uranium is selectively removed from 11 of filtered, acidified water using a liquid anion exchange resin (Amberlite LA-1) dissolved in 10 ml of purified kerosene. The organic phase is then analyzed by a standard delayed neutron counting technique. Yields of removed uranium are consistently greater than 90 percent over...
The complex variable boundary element method: Applications in determining approximative boundaries
T. V. Hromadka II
1984, Engineering Analysis (1) 218-222
The complex variable boundary element method (CVBEM) is used to determine approximation functions for boundary value problems of the Laplace equation such as occurs in potential theory. By determining an approximative boundary upon which the CVBEM approximator matches the desired constant (level curves) boundary conditions, the CVBEM is found to...
FEDERAL MINERAL LAND INFORMATION SYSTEM.
Richard L. Kleckner
1984, Conference Paper, Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping
The ability of geographic information systems to combine point, line, and areal data has been widely documented, although the establishment of a particular data base presents its own unique problems. The U. S. Geological Survey is developing a geographic information system consisting of information on Federal surface ownership, Federal subsurface...
GEOLOGIC APPLICATIONS OF SIDE-LOOKING AIRBORNE RADAR DATA IN THE CENTRAL APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS.
Howard A. Pohn, C. Scott Southworth
1984, Conference Paper
Side-looking airborne radar has provided a sufficiently detailed synoptic view of the central Appalachian Mountains that the images give an unparalleled representation of the size and nature of the folds within the Valley and Ridge province. The radar data show that fold wavelengths decrease abruptly south of the region of...
Analysis of trace metals in water by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry using sodium dibenzyldithiocarbamate for preconcentration
C. L. Smith, Jerry M. Motooka, W. R. Willson
1984, Analytical Letters (17) 1715-1730
Since concentrations of trace elements in most natural waters seldom exceed the μg/L level, analysis of trace elements in natural waters by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP) requires a preconcentration procedure. The elements Ag, Bi, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn, V, W, and Zn were separated...
Spectral properties of ice‐particulate mixtures and implications for remote sensing: 1. Intimate mixtures
Roger N. Clark, Paul G. Lucey
1984, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth (89) 6341-6348
The spectral properties of water ice-particulate mixtures are studied for the purpose of deriving the ice and particulate abundances from remotely obtained spectra (particulates referring to nonicy materials in the form of grains). Reflectance levels and ice absorption band depths are a complex function of the single scattering albedo of...
RESEARCH FOR THE USGS DIGITAL CARTOGRAPHY PROGRAM.
Robert B. McEwen, Lowell E. Starr
1984, Conference Paper
The U. S. Geological Survey National Mapping Division (NMD) has been conducting research and development in digital cartography since the early seventies. Since 1977 there has been an acceleration of activities associated with establishing a National Digital Cartographic Data Base (NDCDB). The NMD Office of Research is primarily responsible for...
Oldest (Early Tertiary) subsurface carbonate rocks of St. Croix, USVI, revealed in a turbidite-mudball.
B. H. Lidz
1984, Journal of Foraminiferal Research (14) 213-227
Ranging in age from early Eocene to early Miocene and younger, pelagic foraminifers form the major component of a phenoclastic mudball within a fossiliferous turbidite. The turibidite is part of a more than 12m-thick section of biogenic deposits of middle Miocene age.-from Author...
Small-scale features in the Earth's magnetic field observed by Magsat
J.C. Cain, D.R. Schmitz, L. Muth
1984, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (89) 1070-1076
A spherical harmonic expansion to degree and order 29 is derived using a selected magnetically quiet sample of Magsat data. Global maps representing the contribution due to terms of the expansion above n = 13 at 400 km altitude are compared with previously published residual anomaly maps and shown to be similar,...
Modeling crater topography and albedo from monoscopic Viking orbiter images: 1. Methodology
P. A. Davis, L.A. Soderblom
1984, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (89) 9449-9457
A new photoclinometric technique for extraction of topographic data from single planetary images is presented that overcomes many previous limitations of photoclinometry. The procedure fully compensates for oblique viewing geometry prevalent in spacecraft images. Albedo variations have been one of the most serious obstacles in the application of photoclinometry to...
Proton and metal ion binding to natural organic polyelectrolytes—II. Preliminary investigation with a peat and a humic acid
J.A. Marinsky, M.M. Reddy
1984, Organic Geochemistry (7) 215-221
We summarize here experimental studies of proton and metal ion binding to a peat and a humic acid. Data analysis is based on a unified physico-chemical model for reaction of simple ions with polyelectrolytes employing a modified Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Peat exhibited an apparent intrinsic acid dissociation constant of 10−4.05, and...
LASER MICROPROBE **4**0Ar/**3**9Ar DATING OF MINERAL GRAINS IN SITU.
J. F. Sutter, Jack B. Hartung
1984, Scanning Electron Microscopy 1525-1529
A laser-microprobe attached to a mass spectrometer for **4**0Ar/**3**9Ar age determination of single mineral grains in geological materials has been made operational at the US Geological Survey, Reston, VA. This microanalytical technique involves focusing a pulsed laser beam onto a sample contained in an ultra-high vacuum chamber attached to a...
Long-term observations of bottom conditions and sediment movement on the Atlantic continental shelf; time-lapse photography from instrumented tripod
Bradford Butman, Cynthia G. Bryden, Stephanie L. Pfirman, William J. Strahle, Marlene A. Noble
1984, Conference Paper
An instrument system that measures bottom current, temperature, light transmission, and pressure, and that photographs the bottom at 2- to 6-hour intervals has been developed to study sediment transport on the Atlantic Continental Shelf. Instruments have been deployed extensively along the United States East Coast Continental Shelf for periods of...
Banded iron-formations of late Proterozoic age in the central eastern desert, Egypt: Geology and tectonic setting
P.K. Sims, H. L. James
1984, Economic Geology (79) 1777-1784
In the central Eastern Desert of Egypt, deposits of iron-formation of the Algoma type occur as sharply defined stratigraphic units within layered volcanogenic rocks of late Proterozoic age. The volcanic sequence is characterized by interfingering and repetition of rocks of dominantly andesite-basalt composition and by tectonically juxtaposed ophiolitelike assemblages; it...
Permeability of fault gouge under confining pressure and shear stress
C.A. Morrow, L.Q. Shi, J.D. Byerlee
1984, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (89) 3193-3200
The permeability of both clay-rich and non-clay gouges, as well as several pure clays, was studied as a function of confining pressures from 5 to 200 MPa and shear strain to 10. Permeability ranged over four orders of magnitude, from around 10−22 to 10−18 m2 (1 darcy = 0.987 × 10−12 m2). The lowest...
EFFECTS OF LOCALIZED AQUIFER BOILING ON FLUID PRODUCTION AT CERRO PRIETO.
Alfred H. Truesdell, Franco D’Amore, David Nieva
1984, Conference Paper, Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council
Localized aquifer boiling in the shallow two-phase reservoir of Cerro Prieto has produced excess steam and increased electrical output. Unfortunately it has also caused near-well mineral deposition that has decreased permeability and fluid flow. Inflow of cold water has limited the extent of aquifer boiling and permeability loss. The deeper...
Origin and distribution of carbon dioxide in the unsaturated zone of the southern High Plains of Texas
Warren W. Wood, Michael J. Petraitis
1984, Water Resources Research (20) 1193-1208
Partial pressures of CO2, O2, N2, and Ar were monitored at two locations in the Ogallala aquifer system on the Southern High Plains of Texas. Samples were collected monthly during parts of 1980–1981 from nine depths ranging from 0.6 to 36 meters below land surface. PCO2 was observed to be greater at...
