NEARSHORE SAND SOURCES FOR AMERICAN SAMOA: AN ALTERNATIVE TO USING BEACH SAND.
John R. Dingler, Thomas E. Reiss
1987, Conference Paper
Using a combination of geophysical techniques, in situ observations, and sampling by scuba divers, we investigated along the south shore of Tutuila Island, American Samoa, for nearshore sand deposits. To minimize the impact of future sand dredging on the island's littoral sediments, the search took place in a narrow zone...
Large-scale volcano-ground ice interactions on Mars
S. W. Squyres, D.E. Wilhelms, A.C. Moosman
1987, Icarus (70) 385-408
The process of volcano-ground ice interaction on Mars is investigated by thermodynamic calculations and observations of Viking Orbiter images. We develop a numerical model of volcano-ground ice interaction that includes heat transport by conduction, radiation from the surface, heat transfer to the...
Tidal and tidally averaged circulation characteristics of Suisun Bay, California
Lawrence H. Smith, Ralph T. Cheng
1987, Water Resources Research (23) 143-155
Availability of extensive field data permitted realistic calibration and validation of a hydrodynamic model of tidal circulation and salt transport for Suisun Bay, California. Suisun Bay is a partially mixed embayment of northern San Francisco Bay located just seaward of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. The model employs a...
Size and maceral association of pyrite in Illinois coals and their float-sink fractions
R.D. Harvey, P.J. DeMaris
1987, Organic Geochemistry (11) 343-349
The amount of pyrite (FeS2) removed by physical cleaning varies with differences in the amount of pyrite enclosed within minerals and of free pyrite in feed coals. A microscopic procedure for characterizing the size and maceral association of pyrite grains was developed and evaluate by testing three coals and their...
Prospects for heavy crude oil development
Richard F. Meyer
1987, Energy Exploration & Exploitation (5) 27-55
The problems of utilizing heavy crude oil and natural bitumens centre on their high viscosity which makes them difficult to produce, store, transport, and refine. These factors are reflected in costs. World reserves are substantial, however, perhaps as much as 7 trillion† barrels estimated to represent 0·9 trillion barrels of...
Determination of alkylbenzenesulfonate surfactants in groundwater using macroreticular resins and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry
E. Michael Thurman, T. Willoughby, Larry B. Barber, Kevin A. Thorn
1987, Analytical Chemistry (59) 1798-1802
Alkylbenzenesulfonate surfactants were determined in groundwater at concentrations as low as 0.3 mg/L. The method uses XAD-8 resin for concentration, followed by elution with methanol, separation of anionic and nonionic surfactants by anion exchange, quantitation by titration, and identification by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. Laboratory standards and field samples...
A review of applications of U-Th-Pb isotope systematics to investigations of uranium source rocks.
J. S. Stuckless
1987, Uranium (3) 235-244
U, Th and Pb concentrations and the isotopic composition of Pb can be used to evaluate crystalline rocks as a source for U in sedimentary deposits. Under favourable geologic circumstances, the technique can yield information on both the timing and the amount of U released to the sedimentary environment. The...
A new approach to the disposal of solid waste on land
R.C. Heath, J.H. Lehr
1987, Groundwater (25) 258-264
No abstract available....
ESTIMATING LOW-FLOW FREQUENCIES OF UNGAGED STREAMS IN NEW ENGLAND.
S. William Wandle Jr.
1987, Conference Paper
Equations to estimate low flows were developed using multiple-regression analysis with a sample of 48 river basins, which were selected from the U. S. Geological Survey's network of gaged river basins in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont, and southwestern Maine. Low-flow characteristics are represented by the 7Q2 and 7Q10...
Sidescan sonar as a tool for detection of demersal fish habitats
Kenneth W. Able, David C. Twichell, Churchill B. Grimes, R. S. Jones
1987, Fishery Bulletin (85) 725-736
Sidescan sonar can be an effective tool for the determination of the habitat distribution of commercially important species. This technique has the advantage of rapidly mapping large areas of the seafloor. Sidescan images (sonographs) may also help to identify appropriate fishing gears for different types of seafloor or areas to...
Nongame bird communities on managed grasslands in North Dakota
Rochelle B. Renken, James J. Dinsmore
1987, Canadian Field-Naturalist (101) 551-557
Grazed native prairie, unmanipulated native prairie, and planted alfalfa-wheatgrass habitats each supported prairie bird species unique to that habitat type. Comparisons of the three habitats, using community coefficients and overlap indices, showed that grazed and alfalfa-wheatgrass habitats supported the most dissimilar or unique bird communities. All three habitat types, or...
The Steens Mountain (Oregon) geomagnetic polarity transition: 3. Its regional significance
E. A. Mankinen, E.E. Larson, C. S. Grommé, M. Prevot, R. S. Coe
1987, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (92) 8057-8076
Study of the variations of direction and intensity of the geomagnetic field as recorded by the Miocene lava flows on Steens Mountain, southeastern Oregon, has resulted in a detailed description of total field behavior during a reversal in polarity. In addition to information about the polarity reversal itself, the detailed...
Concentration and flux of solutes from snow and forest floor during snowmelt in the West-Central Adirondack region of New York
C.M. Rascher, C. T. Driscoll, N.E. Peters
1987, Biogeochemistry (3) 209-224
Decreases in pH and increases in the concentration of Al and NO3- have been observed in surface waters draining acid-sensitive regions in the northeastern U.S. during spring snowmelt. To assess the source of this acidity, we evaluated solute concentrations in snowpack, and in meltwater collected from snow and forest floor...
A model of the productivity of the mallard duck
Douglas H. Johnson, Donald W. Sparling, Lewis M. Cowardin
1987, Ecological Modelling (38) 257-275
This paper describes a stochastic computer model that simulates recruitment of the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) under different habitat conditions and management scenarios. The model incorporates several environmental phenomena and biological relations that affect mallard recruitment. Major events include arrival of mallards in the spring, daily survival of hens, initiation of...
Faces from the past: Frederic Morton Chamberlain (1867-1921), pioneer fishery biologist of the American West
M.R. Jennings
1987, Fisheries (12) 22-29
The life of Frederic Morton Chamberlain (1867–1921) was marked by his many contributions to fishery science. As an assistant with the old U.S. Bureau of Fisheries, he pioneered life history studies of salmon in California and Alaska, and assisted in the collection of hundreds of thousands of natural history specimens...
Persistent late Pleistocene-Holocene seasonal upwelling and varves off the coast of California
R.Y. Anderson, E. Hemphill-Haley, J.V. Gardner
1987, Quaternary Research (28) 307-313
Seasonal production of siliceous phytoplankton and a seasonal flux of terrigenous clastic material produced varved sediments along the continental slope off California during the late Pleistocene to mid-Holocene. Light-colored sediment within laminations and in sediment-trap samples was deposited during summer upwelling and contains an abundance of the diatoms Skeletonema costatum...
Origin of coffinite in sedimentary rocks by a sequential adsorption-reduction mechanism.
Martin B. Goldhaber, B. S. Hemingway, A. Mohagheghi, R. L. Reynolds, H. R. Northrop
1987, Bulletin de Mineralogie (110) 131-144
Coffinite is the dominant ore mineral in the V-U ores of the Tony-M mine in the Henry Mts mineral belt of the Colorado Plateau. This orebody was formed at a density-stratified solution interface between uranyl-ion-bearing meteoric water and a saline fluid which was locally reducing. The localization of U at...
FUTURE APPLICATIONS OF EXPERT SYSTEMS FOR THE EVALUATION OF ENERGY RESOURCES.
B.M. Miller
1987, Conference Paper, Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, (Paper) SPE
The loss of professional experience and expertise in the domain of the earth sciences may prove to be one of the most serious outcomes of the boom-and-bust cyclic nature of the volatile energy and mining industries. Promising new applications of powerful computer systems, known as 'expert systems' or 'knowledge-based systems',...
Methylation patterns of aquatic humic substances determined by13C NMR spectroscopy
Kevin A. Thorn, C. Steelink, Robert L. Wershaw
1987, Organic Geochemistry (11) 123-137
13C NMR spectroscopy is used to examine the hydroxyl group functionality of a series of humic and fulvic acids from different aquatic environments. Samples first are methylated with13C-labeled diazomethane. The NMR spectra of the diazomethylated samples allow one to distinguish between methyl esters of carboxylic acids, methyl ethers of phenolic...
Observations and controls on the occurrence of inherited zircon in Concord-type granitoids, New Hampshire
T.M. Harrison, J. N. Aleinikoff, W. Compston
1987, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (51) 2549-2558
U-Pb analyses of zircons separated from two Concord-type plutons near Sunapee and Dixville Notch, New Hampshire, reveal differences in the pattern and magnitude of zircon inheritance which are related to differences in melt chemistry. The Sunapee pluton contains only slightly more Zr than required to saturate the melt at the...
On predicting changes in the geomagnetic field
L.R. Alldredge
1987, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (92) 6331-6338
The present method of using constant secular variation rates to forecast magnetic components at a given site or to forecast spherical harmonic coefficients is known to be inaccurate. A new predictive method using trend and trigonometric functions fitted to known past values is used to extrapolate for a few years...
Liquid carbon dioxide of magmatic origin and its role in volcanic eruptions
A.R. Chivas, I. Barnes, William C. Evans, J.E. Lupton, J.O. Stone
1987, Nature (326) 587-589
Natural liquid carbon dioxide is produced commercially from a 2.5-km-deep well near the 4,500-yr-old maar volcano, Mount Gambier, South Australia. The carbon dioxide has accumulated in a dome that is located on the extension of a linear chain of volcanic activity. A magmatic origin for the...
Cretaceous gastropods: contrasts between tethys and the temperate provinces
N. F. Sohl
1987, Journal of Paleontology (61) 1085-1111
During the Cretaceous Period, gastropod faunas show considerable differences in their evolution between the Tethyan Realm (tropical) and the Temperate Realms to the north and south. Like Holocene faunas, prosobranch gastropods constitute the dominant part of Cretaceous marine snail faunas. Entomotaeneata and opisthobranchs usually form all of...
Submersible observations along the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge: 1984 Alvin program.
William R. Normark, Janet L. Morton, Stephanie L. Ross
1987, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (92) 11283-11290
In September 1984, the research submersible Alvin provided direct observations of three major hydrothermal vent areas along the southernmost segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge (JFR). The submersible operations focused on specific volcanologie, structural, and hydrothermal problems that had been identified during the preceding 4 years of photographic, dredging,...
Crystal structure and crystal chemistry of melanovanadite, a natural vanadium bronze.
J.A. Konnert, H. T. Evans Jr.
1987, American Mineralogist (72) 637-644
The crystal structure of melanovanadite from Minas Ragra, Peru, has been determined in space group P1. The triclinic unit cell (non-standard) has a 6.360(2), b 18.090(9), c 6.276(2) A, alpha 110.18(4)o, beta 101.62(3)o, gamma 82.86(4)o. A subcell with b' = b/2 was found by crystal-structure analysis to contain CaV4O10.5H2O. The...
