15N/14N variations in Cretaceous Atlantic sedimentary sequences: Implication for past changes in marine nitrogen biogeochemistry
G.H. Rau, M.A. Arthur, W.E. Dean
1987, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (82) 269-279
At two locations in the Atlantic Ocean (DSDP Sites 367 and 530) early to middle Cretaceous organic-carbon-rich beds (“black shales”) were found to have significantly lower δ15N values (lower15N/14N ratios) than adjacent organic-carbon-poor beds (white limestones or green claystones). While these lithologies are of marine origin, the black strata in...
Phytoplankton productivity in relation to light intensity: A simple equation
D. H. Peterson, M.J. Perry, K.E. Bencala, M.C. Talbot
1987, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (24) 813-832
A simple exponential equation is used to describe photosynthetic rate as a function of light intensity for a variety of unicellular algae and higher plants where photosynthesis is proportional to (1-e−β1). The parameter β (=Ik−1">=Ik−1) is derived by a simultaneous curve-fitting method, where I is incident...
Man-induced gradient adjustment of the South Fork Forked Deer River, west Tennessee
A. Simon, C. H. Robbins
1987, Environmental Geology and Water Sciences (9) 109-118
Channel modifications from 1968 to 1969 on the South Fork Forked Deer River in western Tennessee have caused upstream degradation, downstream aggradation, and bank failures along the altered channels, adjacent reaches, and tributaries. The result of these adjustments is a general decrease in gradient as the channel attempts to absorb...
Cenozoic ostracoda from deep sea drilling project leg 95 off New Jersey (sites 612 and 613)
Thomas M. Cronin, Ellen E. Compton-Gooding
1987, Book chapter, Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project covering Leg 95 of the cruises of the drilling vessel Glomar Challenger, St. John's, Newfoundland, to Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, August-September 1983
No abstract available....
Earthquakes; November-December 1987
W. J. Person
1987, Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS) (19) 218-221
There were two major earthquakes during the last two months of the year, both in the Gulf of Alaska. Earthquake-related deaths were reported from Mexico, Japan and Indonesia. Southern California was hit by two strong earthquakes; both caused damage and some injuries. ...
Failure of a massive earthquake-induced landslide dam in Papua New Guinea
J. P. King, I. C. Loveday, R. L. Schuster
1987, Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS) (19) 40-47
In many areas of the world, landslides dams are both interesting natural phenomena and significant hazards. A few of the these natural blockages attain heights that rival or exceed those of the largest manmade dams. A landslide dam in its natural state differs from a constructed embankment dam in that...
Earthquakes, January-February 1987
W. J. Person
1987, Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS) (19) 102-105
There were two major earthquakes (7.0-7.9) during the first two months of the year. The first, on January 30 in the South Sandwich Islands region, was in an unpopulated area; the second was on February 8 in New Guinea. In the United States the largest earthquake during this reporting period was...
Ground-water flow and shallow-aquifer properties in the Rio Grande inner valley south of Albuquerque, Bernalillo County, New Mexico
K. D. Peter
1987, Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4015
The purpose of this investigation was to describe the water table configuration and its temporal variations, estimate aquifer properties, and evaluate the interaction of groundwater and surface water in the inner valley of the Rio Grande in southern Albuquerque, New Mexico, where groundwater contamination is a continuing concern. The upper...
Earthquakes, November-December 1986
W. J. Person
1987, Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS) (19) 77-79
There was one major earthquake (7.0-7.9) during this reporting period in Taiwan, a magnitude 7.8, which caused deaths and consideralbe damage. Earthquake-related deaths were reported in Bulgaria and in a mine in Poland. There was no significant earthquakes in the United States. ...
Recent geologic history of lake Atitlán, a caldera lake in western Guatemala
C. G. Newhall, C. K. Paull, J.P. Bradbury, A. Higuera-Gundy, L.J. Poppe, S. Self, Sharpless N. Bonar, J. Ziagos
1987, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (33) 81-107
Lake Atitlán, a caldera lake in western Guatemala, was investigated for evidence of recent volcanic and tectonic activity. No vents, faults, or folds are apparent on high-resolution seismic reflection profiles of lake sediment, representing at least 17,500 years and probably more than 35,000 years of deposition. Three post-caldera stratovolcanoes...
An empirical model for estimating phytoplankton productivity in estuaries
B.E. Cole, J. E. Cloern
1987, Marine Ecology Progress Series (396) 299-305
e have previously shown that primary productivity in San Francisco Bay, USA, is highly correlated with phytoplankton biomass B (chlorophyll a concentration) and an index of light avallability in the photic zone, 2, I, (photic depth times surface irradiance). To test the generality of this relation, we compiled data from...
Autumn staging of cackling Canada geese on the Alaska Peninsula
James S. Sedinger, Karen S. Bollinger
1987, Wildfowl (38) 13-18
Cackling Canada Geese Branta canadensis minima undergo a long (2,800 km) migration between their autumn staging areas on the Alaska Peninsula and wintering areas in Oregon and California. Adults and young lost an average of 543 g during this migratory flight. Weight gains between fledging and autumn migration are essential...
The distribution of nitrogen species and adsorption of ammonium in sediments from the tidal Potomac River and estuary
N.S. Simon, M.M. Kennedy
1987, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (25) 11-26
The distribution of dissolved ammonium, adsorbed ammonium and residual, organic and total nitrogen was measured in Potomac River tidal, transition zone and lower estuary sediments to a depth of 66 cm. For these sediments, exchangeable ammonium, and thereby adsorbed ammonium concentrations, were determined directly using an ammonia electrode in alkaline...
Influence of late Quaternary climatic changes on geomorphic and pedogenic processes on a desert piedmont, Eastern Mojave Desert, California
S. G. Wells, L. D. McFadden, J. C. Dohrenwend
1987, Quaternary Research (27) 130-146
Radiocarbon dating of late Quaternary deposits and shorelines of Lake Mojave and cation-ratio numerical age dating of stone pavements (Dorn, 1984) on the adjacent Soda Mountains piedmont provide age constraints for alluvial and eolian deposits. These deposits are associated with climatically controlled stands of Lake Mojave during the past 15,000...
Stable isotope compositions and water contents of boninite series volcanic rocks from Chichi-jima, Bonin Islands, Japan
P.F. Dobson, J. R. O’Neil
1987, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (82) 75-86
Measurements of stable isotope compositions and water contents of boninite series volcanic rocks from the island of Chichi-jima, Bonin Islands, Japan, confirm that a large amount (1.6–2.4 wt.%) of primary water was present in these unusual magmas. An enrichment of 0.6‰...
Studies of Quaternary saline lakes-III. Mineral, chemical, and isotopic evidence of salt solution and crystallization processes in Owens Lake, California, 1969-1971
G.I. Smith, I. Friedman, R. J. McLaughlin
1987, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (51) 811-827
As a consequence of the 1969–1970 flooding of normally dry Owens Lake, a 2.4-m-deep lake formed and 20% of the 2-m-thick salt bed dissolved in it. Its desiccation began August 1969, and salts started crystallizing September 1970, ending August 1971. Mineralogic,...
Hydraulic/Chemical Changes During Ground-Water Recharge by Injection
Scott N. Hamlin
1987, Groundwater (25) 267-274
Ground-water recharge by injection of reclaimed water is a feasible method of improving ground-water quality in the shallow aquifer system in the Palo Alto Baylands along the San Francisco Bay. Ground water was initially more saline than sea water. Reclaimed water was injected at a...
Early diagenesis of organic matter in a Sawgrass peat from the Everglades, Florida
W. H. Orem, Patrick G. Hatcher
1987, International Journal of Coal Geology (8) 33-54
The transformation of plant biopolymers to humic substances in peats during early diagenesis is a critical but poorly understood step in the formation of coal. This paper presents results concerning the structural interrelationships among various fractions of the organic matter in...
Reduction of selenate to selenide by sulfate-respiring bacteria: Experiments with cell suspensions and estuarine sediments
J.P. Zehr, Ronald S. Oremland
1987, Applied and Environmental Microbiology (53) 1365-1369
Washed cell suspensions of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans subsp. aestuarii were capable of reducing nanomolar levels of selenate to selenide as well as sulfate to sulfide. Reduction of these species was inhibited by 1 mM selenate or tungstate. The addition of 1 mM sulfate decreased the reduction of selenate and enhanced the reduction of sulfate. Increasing...
CHANGES IN GRADE, VOLUME AND CONTAINED GOLD DURING THE MINING LIFE-CYCLE OF GOLD PLACER DEPOSITS.
J. D. Bliss, G. J. Orris, W. D. Menzie
1987, CIM Bulletin (80) 75-80
Analysis of gold placer data throughout the world suggests that gold grades and volumes cannot be used to distinguish between most types of gold placers. Only the alluvial plain and fan placers are significantly different among the types of gold placers considered. Gold grades and volumes change when working placers...
Testing the consistency for mapping urban vegetation with high-altitude aerial photographs and landsat MSS data
Franklin G. Sadowski, James A. Sturdevant, Rowan A. Rowntree
1987, Remote Sensing of Environment (21) 129-141
Two methods of analysis were evaluated for mapping urban vegetation on high-altitude, color-infrared aerial photographs and Landsat MSS data of Syracuse, NY. The first method consisted of defining the spatial patterns (strata) of urban vegetation occurrence. The second method discriminated woody and herbaceous vegetation classes within defined strata. Emphasis was...
Molecular orbital (SCF-Xα-SW) theory of metal-metal charge transfer processes in minerals - II. Application to Fe2+ --> Ti4+ charge transfer transitions in oxides and silicates
David M. Sherman
1987, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals (14) 364-367
A molecular orbital description, based on Xα-Scattered wave calculations on a (FeTiO10)14− cluster, is given for Fe2+ → Ti4+ charge transfer transitions in minerals. The calculated energy for the lowest Fe2+ → Ti4+ metal-metal charge transfer transition is 18040 cm−1 in reasonable agreement with energies observed in the optical spectra of Fe-Ti oxides and silicates. As...
Evaluating evaporation from field crops using airborne radiometry and ground-based meteorological data
R. D. Jackson, M. S. Moran, L. W. Gay, L.H. Raymond
1987, Irrigation Science (8) 81-90
Airborne measurements of reflected solar and emitted thermal radiation were combined with ground-based measurements of incoming solar radiation, air temperature, windspeed, and vapor pressure to calculate instantaneous evaporation (LE) rates using a form of the Penman equation. Estimates of evaporation over cotton, wheat, and alfalfa fields were obtained on 5...
Critical behavior of dilute NaCl in H2O
Kenneth S. Pitzer, James L. Bischoff, Robert J. Rosenbauer
1987, Chemical Physics Letters (134) 60-63
The compositions of the saturated vapor and liquid phases are measured for the system NaCl-H2O at 380°C, which is close to the critical point of pure water. The shape of the phase equilibrium curve is classical, which confirms a conclusion reached earlier on the basis of less accurate data. This...
Inelastic properties of ice Ih at low temperatures and high pressures
S. H. Kirby, W.B. Durham, M. L. Beeman, H. C. Heard, M. A. Daley
1987, Journal de Physique Colloques (48) 227-232
The aim of our research programme is to explore the rheological behavior of H2O ices under conditions appropriate to the interiors of the icy satellites of the outer planets in order to give insight into their deformation. To this end, we have performed over 100 constant-strain-rate compression tests at pressures...
