Precision of a field method for determination of pH in dilute lakes
J.T. Turk
1986, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution (27) 237-242
Replicate pH measurements in three dilute lakes made during extreme conditions indicate that pH can be measured in the field with a variance due to measurement error of 0.005 unit. Error of the field technique in measuring the pH of dilute solutions in the laboratory ranges from less than 0.01...
Cluster molecular orbital description of the electronic structures of mixed-valence iron oxides and silicates
David M. Sherman
1986, Solid State Communications (58) 719-723
A molecular orbital description, based on spin-unrestricted Xα-scattered wave calculations, is given for the electronic structures of mixed valence iron oxides and silicates. The cluster calculations show that electron hopping and optical intervalence charge-transger result from weak FeFe bonding across shared edges of FeO6 coordination polyhedra. In agreement with Zener's double exchange...
CLASSIFICATION AND BEHAVIOR OF MEANDER MIGRATION.
Edward H. Martin, Hsieh W. Shen, J. Glover
1986, Conference Paper
Meander migrations on the Mississippi River between Cairo, Illinois and Baton Rouge, Louisiana for the time period between the years 1765 and 1930 were classified into six categories based on the nature of channel movements. During the time period between 1765 and 1900, man's disturbance on this river reach was...
Estimating monthly streamflow values by cokriging
A.R. Solow, S.M. Gorelick
1986, Mathematical Geology (18) 785-809
Cokriging is applied to estimation of missing monthly streamflow values in three records from gaging stations in west central Virginia. Missing values are estimated from optimal consideration of the pattern of auto- and cross-correlation among standardized residual log-flow records. Investigation of the sensitivity of estimation to data configuration showed that...
An interpretation of induced electric currents in long pipelines caused by natural geomagnetic sources of the upper atmosphere
W.H. Campbell
1986, Surveys in Geophysics (8) 239-259
Electric currents in long pipelines can contribute to corrosion effects that limit the pipe's lifetime. One cause of such electric currents is the geomagnetic field variations that have sources in the Earth's upper atmosphere. Knowledge of the general behavior of the sources allows a prediction of the occurrence times, favorable...
PHREATOPHYTE WATER USE ESTIMATED BY EDDY-CORRELATION METHODS.
H. L. Weaver, E.P. Weeks, G. S. Campbell, D.I. Stannard, B.D. Tanner
1986, Conference Paper
Water-use was estimated for three phreatophyte communities: a saltcedar community and an alkali-Sacaton grass community in New Mexico, and a greasewood rabbit-brush-saltgrass community in Colorado. These water-use estimates were calculated from eddy-correlation measurements using three different analyses, since the direct eddy-correlation measurements did not satisfy a surface energy balance. The...
10Be distribution in soils from Merced River terraces, California
M.J. Pavich, L. Brown, J. Harden, J. Klein, R. Middleton
1986, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (50) 1727-1735
The distribution and residence time of cosmogenic 10Be in clay-rich soil horizons is fundamental to understanding and modelling the migration of 10Be on terrestrial sediments and in groundwater solutions. We have analyzed seven profiles of clay-rich soils developed from terrace sediments of the Merced River, California. The terraces and soils of increasing...
Oxygen isotope compositions of selected laramide-tertiary granitoid stocks in the Colorado Mineral Belt and their bearing on the origin of climax-type granite-molybdenum systems
J. L. Hannah, H. J. Stein
1986, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (93) 347-358
Quartz phenocrysts from 31 granitoid stocks in the Colorado Mineral Belt yield ??18O values less than 10.4???, with most values between 9.3 and 10.4???. An average magmatic value of about 8.5??? is suggested. The stocks resemble A-type granites; these data support magma genesis by partial melting of previously depleted, fluorine-enriched,...
Digital merging of Landsat TM and digitized NHAP data for 1:24 000-scale image mapping.
P.S. Chavez Jr.
1986, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (52) 1637-1646
Merging image data collected by different remote sensors is becoming an increasingly important component of digital processing. In this study, two data sets with very different characteristics were digitally merged, and a single data set, which contains information from both sets, was generated. Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data were selected...
Rb-Sr, K-Ar, and stable isotope evidence for the ages and sources of fluid components of gold-bearing quartz veins in the northern Sierra Nevada foothills metamorphic belt, California
J.K. Bohlke, R. W. Kistler
1986, Economic Geology (81) 296-322
Gold-bearing quartz veins occur in and near major fault zones in deformed oceanic and island-arc rocks west of the main outcrop of the Sierra Nevada composite batholith. Veins typically occupy minor reverse faults that crosscut blueschist to amphibolite-grade metamorphic rocks whose metamorphic ages range from early Paleozoic to Jurassic. Vein...
Geochemical data for samples of rock, stream sediment, and nonmagnetic heavy-mineral concentrate from the South Sierra Wilderness and the South Sierra Roadless Area, southern Sierra Nevada, California
M. F. Diggles, D.E. Detra, R. E. Tucker, K. A. Romine
1986, Open-File Report 86-359
No abstract available....
A finite element model for tidal and residual circulation
Roy A. Walters
1986, Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering (2) 393-398
Harmonic decomposition is applied to the shallow water equations, thereby creating a system of equations for the amplitude of the various tidal constituents and for the residual motions. The resulting equations are elliptic in nature, are well posed and in practice are shown to be numerically well-behaved. There are a...
Rock mechanics: Luminous phenomena and their relationship to rock fracture
J.S. Derr
1986, Nature (321) 470-471
[No abstract available]...
Processing techniques for digital sonar images from GLORIA.
P.S. Chavez Jr.
1986, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (52) 1133-1145
Image processing techniques have been developed to handle data from one of the newest members of the remote sensing family of digital imaging systems. This paper discusses software to process data collected by the GLORIA (Geological Long Range Inclined Asdic) sonar imaging system, designed and built by the Institute of...
DEBRIS FLOWS AND HYPERCONCENTRATED STREAMFLOWS.
Gerald F. Wieczorek
1986, Conference Paper
Examination of recent debris-flow and hyperconcentrated-streamflow events in the western United States reveals (1) the topographic, geologic, hydrologic, and vegetative conditions that affect initiation of debris flows and (2) the wide ranging climatic conditions that can trigger debris flows. Recognition of these physiographic and climatic conditions has aided development of...
Lateral blasts at Mount St. Helens and hazard zonation
D. R. Crandell, R. Hoblitt
1986, Bulletin of Volcanology (48) 27-37
Lateral blasts at andesitic and dacitic volcanoes can produce a variety of direct hazards, including ballistic projectiles which can be thrown to distances of at least 10 km and pyroclastic density flows which can travel at high speed to distances of more than 30 km. Indirect effect that may accompany...
Geology of the peralkaline volcano at Pantelleria, Strait of Sicily
G.A. Mahood, W. Hildreth
1986, Bulletin of Volcanology (48) 143-172
Situated in a submerged continental rift, Pantelleria is a volcanic island with a subaerial eruptive history longer than 300 Ka. Its eruptive behavior, edifice morphologies, and complex, multiunit geologic history are representative of strongly peralkaline centers. It is dominated by the 6-km-wide Cinque Denti caldera, which formed ca. 45 Ka...
Determination of selected azaarenes in water by bonded-phase extraction and liquid chromatography
T.R. Steinheimer, M.G. Ondrus
1986, Analytical Chemistry (58) 1839-1844
A method for the rapid and simple quantitative determination of quinoline, isoquinoline, and five selected three-ring azaarenes in water has been developed. The azaarene fraction is separated from its carbon analogues on n-octadecyl packing material by edition with acidified water/acetonitrile. Concentration as great as 1000-fold is achieved readily. Instrumental analysis...
Mars: A water-rich planet?
M. H. Carr
1986, Icarus (68) 187-216
Mars had outgassed at least 0.5 to 1 km of water, 10 to 20 bar of CO2, and 0.1 to 0.3 bar of N2. The volatiles that have been retained are mostly in the cratered uplands. Terrain softening, fretted channels, debris...
Use of dust storm observations on satellite images to identify areas vulnerable to severe wind erosion
C. S. Breed, J.F. McCauley
1986, Climatic Change (9) 243-258
Blowing dust is symptomatic of severe wind erosion and deterioration of soils in areas undergoing dessication and/or devegetation. Dust plumes on satellite images can commonly be traced to sources in marginally arable semiarid areas where protective lag gravels or vegetation have been removed and soils are dry, as demonstrated for...
What won't Turnstones eat?
Robert E. Gill Jr.
1986, British Birds (79) 402-403
The Turnstone Arenaria interpres probably has one of the most varied diets of any wader species. Besides the 'normal' foods taken (see, e.g., Prater 1972, Nettleship 1973, Jones 1975), a considerable variety of 'unusual' foods and feeding behaviours has also been reported. Items taken include soap, gull excrement, dog food,...
A sublittoral population of Pleurophycus gardneri Setchell and Saunders 1900 (Phaeophyceae: Laminariaceae) in central California
Glenn R. VanBlaricom, Daniel C. Reed, Christopher Harrold, James L. Bodkin
1986, Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences (85) 120-122
Published distributional records for the stipitate kelp Pleurophycus gardneri Setchell and Saunders 1900 (Phaeophyceae: Laminariaceae) indicae a geographic range from Montague Island (59°58’N, 147°22W), Alaska to Fort Bragg (39°27’N, 123°47’W), California (Druehl 1969, 1970; Kjeldsen 1972). P. gardneri is found primarily in rocky intertidal and shallow subtidal locations (Scagel 1967;...
Tidal hydraulics of San Francisco Bay
R. T. Cheng, L. H. Smith
1986, Conference Paper, Proceedings, symposium on San Joaquin Valley agriculture waste water and implications for the San Francisco Bay estuarine system,
Minerals, lands, and geology for the common defence and general welfare, Volume 3, 1904-1939 : A history of geology in relation to the development of public-land, federal-science, and mapping policies and the development of mineral resources in the United States from the 25th to the 60th year of the U.S. Geological Survey
Mary C. Rabbitt
1986, Book
Mrs. Rabbitt's third volume covers the years 1904 to 1939, from the beginning of the conservation movement under Theodore Roosevelt to the beginning of World War II. From a national perspective, these were years of great development and change in the use of energy, trouble in the coal industry, and...
Marine otters and their environment
J. A. Estes
1986, Ambio (15) 181-183
