The system NaCl-H2O: relations of vapor-liquid near the critical temperature of water and of vapor-liquid-halite from 300° to 500°C
James L. Bischoff, Robert J. Rosenbauer, Kenneth S. Pitzer
1986, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (50) 1437-1444
Vapor-liquid relations (P-T-x) for the system NaCl-H2O were determined experimentally at temperatures spanning the critical temperature of water (Tc), the lowest temperature in the system at which critical behavior occurs. In addition, vapor-liquid-halite P-T-x(vapor) relations were determined from 300° to 500°C. Results show that at 373.0°C, immediately below Tc, the vapor side...
DEBRIS FLOWS AND HYPERCONCENTRATED STREAMFLOWS.
Gerald F. Wieczorek
1986, Conference Paper
Examination of recent debris-flow and hyperconcentrated-streamflow events in the western United States reveals (1) the topographic, geologic, hydrologic, and vegetative conditions that affect initiation of debris flows and (2) the wide ranging climatic conditions that can trigger debris flows. Recognition of these physiographic and climatic conditions has aided development of...
Estimating monthly streamflow values by cokriging
A.R. Solow, S.M. Gorelick
1986, Mathematical Geology (18) 785-809
Cokriging is applied to estimation of missing monthly streamflow values in three records from gaging stations in west central Virginia. Missing values are estimated from optimal consideration of the pattern of auto- and cross-correlation among standardized residual log-flow records. Investigation of the sensitivity of estimation to data configuration showed that...
Pb, Sr, Nd, and Hf isotopic constraints on the origin of Hawaiian basalts and evidence for a unique mantle source
P. Stille, D.M. Unruh, M. Tatsumoto
1986, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (50) 2303-2319
Pb, Sr, Nd, and Hf isotopic relationships among basalts from the Hawaiian Islands suggest that these basalts were derived from three sources; the oceanic lithosphere (Kea end member), the depleted asthenosphere (posterosional end member) and a deep-mantle plume (Koolau end member).Hawaiian tholeiites are derived within the lithosphere and the isotopic...
Nature of phases synthesized along the join (Mg,Mn)2Si2O6.
J.S. Huebner
1986, American Mineralogist (71) 111-122
Eight compositions were synthesized along this join. Orthopyroxene crystallized at X = Mn/(Mn + Mg) = 0.0-0.3, clinopyroxene at X 0.4-0.5, and pyroxmangite at X 0.65-1.0, consistent with the composition ranges that have been inferred by examination of metamorphic rock assemblages. Unit-cell dimensions for these phases and for rhodonite (X...
A coefficient of agreement as a measure of thematic classification accuracy.
G.H. Rosenfield, K. Fitzpatrick-Lins
1986, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (52) 223-227
The classification error matrix typically contains tabulated results of accuracy evaluation for a thematic classification, such as a land-use and land-cover map. Diagonal elements of the matrix represent counts correct. The usual designation of classification accuracy has been total percent correct. Nondiagonal elements of the matrix have usually been neglected....
Archaeological prospection: An introduction to the Special Issue
Jeffrey C. Wynn
1986, Geophysics (51) 533-537
Archaeological prospection, as the use of geophysical methods in archaeology is known in Europe, is about four decades old (seven decades, if aerial photography of archaeological sites is included). Virtually the entire range of geophysical methods, perhaps excluding only borehole techniques, has found application in the search for archaeological sites...
Geochemical evaluation of the geothermal resources in the San Marcos region, Guatemala
R.O. Fournier, B.B. Hanshaw
1986, Applied Geochemistry (1) 189-197
The chemical and isotopic compositions of hot springs in the San Marcos region of Guatemala are internally consistent with a hydrologic model in which a deep 240°C reservoir and one or more shallow 195–200°C reservoirs are present. Variations in hot-spring water...
A revised chronology for the last Pleistocene Lake cycle in the central Lahontan Basin
R.S. Thompson, L. Benson, E.M. Hattor
1986, Quaternary Research (25) 1-9
Radiocarbon dates of plant materials from packrat middens in caves below the elevation of the last high stand of Pleistocene Lake Lahontan, in conjunction with radiocarbon dates of ancient archaeological materials, provide evidence that the last high stand terminated before 12,070 yr B.P. This new information suggests that the last...
Application of seismic refraction methods in groundwater modeling studies in New England (USA)
F.P. Haeni
1986, Geophysics (51) 236-249
Seismic refraction studies were conducted over unconfined glacial aquifers in New England to determine: 1) depth of the underlying bedrock; 2) depth of the water table; 3) saturated thickness of the aquifer in areas not accessible to heavy drilling equipment; 4) areas where thick, unsaturated sediments overlie thickly saturated parts...
A ground-water mixing model for the origin of the Imini manganese deposit (Cretaceous) of Morocco
E. R. Force, W. Back, E.C. Spiker, L.P. Knauth
1986, Economic Geology (81) 65-79
Three beds of manganese oxide ore in a 10 m-thick dolomite unit are associated with diagenetic features, and, are accordingly also diagenetic in their present aspect. Whether primary or introduced, the Mn mineralogy is attributed to reactions between fresh and saline ground-waters as the zone of mixing passed through the...
Upper mantle structure from teleseismic P wave arrivals in Washington and northern Oregon
C. A. Michaelson, C.S. Weaver
1986, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (91) 2077-2094
Teleseismic P wave travel time residuals are used to detect lateral velocity heterogeneities in the upper mantle beneath Washington and northern Oregon. The results of an inversion for three-dimensional velocity variations resolves an east dipping high-velocity zone that we interpret as the subducting Juan de Fuca plate. The plate is characterized by...
Paleontology and deposition of the Phosphoria Formation.
B. R. Wardlaw, J.W. Collinson
1986, Contributions to Geology - University of Wyoming, Laramie (24) 107-142
The Phosphoria Formation and related rocks were deposited in an interior sag basin developed in the Cordilleran miogeocline of western North America. Deposition can be characterized as a fringing bank complex on a carbonate ramp. Conodont-brachiopod biostratigraphy provides a sufficient relative time framework for correlation of the many units. These...
LONG-TERM EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS IN CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA.
P. L. Gori, M.R. Greene
1986, Conference Paper
The Charleston, South Carolina, area offers a unique opportunity to conduct studies that give insight into the implementation of policy for long-term earthquake preparedness at the local level. Research by Greene and Gori documented the low state of preparedness in 1981. Recent studies show that earthquake preparedness activities are now...
ESTIMATION OF URBAN STORM-RUNOFF LOADS.
Nancy E. Driver, David J. Lystrom
Urbonas BenRoesner Larry A., editor(s)
1986, Conference Paper
The United States was divided into three regions, on the basis of mean annual rainfall, to decrease the variability in storm-runoff constituent loads and to improve regression relations with basin and climatic characteristics. Multiple-regression analyses, in progress, are being refined to determine the best regression models for each of the...
Post fledging behavior of ferruginous hawks in North Dakota
P.M. Konrad, D.S. Gilmer
1986, Journal of Raptor Research (20) 35-39
Post-fledging activities of 18 Ferruginous Hawks (Buteo regalis) were studied in southcentral North Dakota during July and August 1979. The post-fledging period ranged from 10 to 40 d (mean = 23.1 d; N = 16). Haylands and native prairie grasslands were the principal land use types utilized by fledglings and...
Preliminary measurements of leaf spectral reflectance in the 8-14 μm region
J.W. Salisbury
1986, International Journal of Remote Sensing (7) 1879-1886
Previous broad band measurements of the spectral reflectance of leaves indicate variations in spectral emissivity that, although small, might be detected with current airborne thermal infrared imaging systems. Preliminary high spectral resolution measurements of the spectral reflectance of leaves of four different species reported here show a different spectral response...
USE OF SPACE TECHNOLOGY IN FEDERALLY FUNDED LAND PROCESSES RESEARCH IN THE UNITED STATES.
G. A. Thorley, R. McArdle
1986, Conference Paper, Digest - International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)
A review of the use of space technology in federally funded earth science research in the US was carried out in 1985 by the President's Office of Science and Technology Policy. Five departments and three independent agencies, representing the primary earth science research agencies in the Federal government, participated in...
Avian tuberculosis and salmonellosis in a whooping crane (Grus americana)
R. K. Stroud, C.O. Thoen, R. M. Duncan
1986, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (22) 106-110
The whooping crane has been the subject of intensive scientific study and management because it is an endangered species and has high public interest. Programs have been developed to identify critical habitat, to increase production through captive breeding, and in recent years, to use sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) as surrogate...
Evolution of the Coast batholith along the Skagway Traverse, Alaska and British Columbia.
F. Barker, Joseph G. Arth, T. W. Stern
1986, American Mineralogist (71) 632-643
Reconnaissance geological mapping of a strip 10-15 km wide across the Coast batholith from Haines to Skagway to the vicinity of Log Cabin was performed. The petrography, major- and minor-element chemistry, geochronology (using the U/Pb method on zircons), and initial ratios of 87Sr/86Sr of a suite of representative samples from...
Electrothermal atomisation atomic absorption conditions and matrix modifications for determining antimony, arsenic, bismuth, cadmium, gallium, gold, indium, lead, molybdenum, palladium, platinum, selenium, silver, tellurium, thallium and tin following back-extraction of organic aminohalide extracts
J. R. Clark
1986, Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry (1) 301-308
A multi-element organic-extraction and back-extraction procedure, that had been developed previously to eliminate matrix interferences in the determination of a large number of trace elements in complex materials such as geological samples, produced organic and aqueous solutions that were complex. Electrothermal atomisation atomic absorption conditions and matrix modifications have been...
Vegetation, climatic and floral changes at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary
J. A. Wolfe, G.R. Upchurch Jr.
1986, Nature (324) 148-152
he western interior of North America has the only known non-marine sections that contain the iridium-rich clay interpreted as the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary1-7. Because vegetation and climate can be directly inferred from physiognomy of leaves8-15 and because leaf species typically represent low taxonomic categories, studies of leaf floras in these...
Europa: Characterization and interpretation of global spectral surface units
M. L. Nelson, T. B. McCord, Roger N. Clark, T. V. Johnson, D. L. Matson, J. A. Mosher, Laurence A. Soderblom
1986, Icarus (65) 129-151
The Voyager global multispectral mosaic of the Galilean satellite Europa (T. V. Johnson, L. A. Soderblom, J. A. Mosher, G. E. Danielson, A. F. Cook, and P. Kupferman, 1983, J. Geophys. Res. 88, 5789–5805) was analyzed to map surface units with similar optical properties (T. B. McCord, M. L. Nelson, R. N. Clark,...
Organic metamorphism in the Lower Mississippian-Upper Devonian Bakken shales. Part 1: Rock-Eval pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance
L.C. Price, T. Daws, M. Pawlewicz
1986, Journal of Petroleum Geology (9) 125-162
Detailed organic geochemistry has been performed on a large number of Lower Mississippian-Upper Devonian Bakken shales from the North Dakota portion of the Williston Basin, and 28 oils mainly from Mississippian Madison Group rocks from different basinal areas. Here we report results of Rock-Eval pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance (Ro) analyses....
RECOVERY OF FRESHWATER STORED IN SALINE AQUIFERS IN PENINSULAR FLORIDA.
Michael L. Merritt
1986, Conference Paper
Subsurface freshwater storage has been operationally tested at seven sites in central and south Florida. Injection was into a high chloride water aquifer at six sites, and into a high sulfate water aquifer at the seventh. Recovery efficiency has ranged from 0 to 75 percent in high chloride water aquifers,...
