Optimization of one-way wave equations
Myung W. Lee, S.Y. Suh
1985, Geophysics (50) 1634-1637
The theory of wave extrapolation is based on the square-root equation or one-way equation. The full wave equation represents waves which propagate in both directions. On the contrary, the square-root equation represents waves propagating in one direction only....
BORATE DEPOSITS IN THE UNITED STATES: DISSIMILAR IN FORM, SIMILAR IN GEOLOGIC SETTING.
George I. Smith
Barker James M.Lefond Stanley J., editor(s)
1985, Conference Paper
Borate deposits in the western United States have several geologic characteristics in common: All primary deposits are about 20 my or less in age, and they are observed or inferred to be stratigraphically associated with volcanic activity and thermal springs. Most of them lie at least partially in the lacustrine...
MARINE MINERAL RESOURCES - AN UPDATE AND INTRODUCTION.
Michael J. Cruickshank, William Siapno
1985, Marine Technology Society Journal (19) 3-5
This article briefly traces the status of marine minerals development, and it describes papers presented in this special issue on the subject. Subjects covered include types of deposits, marine mining in Canada, Manganese nodules, metalliferous sulfides as seabed minerals, metallurgical processes for reducing sulfide minerals, U. S. phosphate industry, construction...
QUALITY ASSURANCE OF U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-QUALITY FIELD MEASUREMENTS.
D. E. Erdmann, J.D. Thomas
1985, Conference Paper, ASTM Special Technical Publication
Reference samples are submitted semiannually to field analysts for measurement of these parameters with the same techniques and instruments used in the field. Both the personnel and the instruments involved in making the determinations are recorded. When the data are complete, a report defining the quality of the analytical results...
Isotopic and morphologic evidence for the age of the Fordham Gneiss
John N. Aleinikoff
1985, American Journal of Science (285) 459-479
No abstract available....
An empirical equation of state for hydrothermal seawater (3.2 percent NaCl)
James L. Bischoff, Robert J. Rosenbauer
1985, American Journal of Science (285) 725-763
No abstract available....
The transverse and oblique cylindrical equal-area projection of the ellipsoid.
J.P. Snyder
1985, Annals of the Association of American Geographers (75) 431-442
The formulas for the ellipsoidal projection are derived for both forward and inverse computations and consist of modifying the formulas obtained by using the authalic sphere so that the scale along the central line of the projection is constant. Fourier series are used to eliminate recurring numerical integration and other...
Anomalous 13C enrichment in modern marine organic carbon
M.A. Arthur, W.E. Dean, George E. Claypool
1985, Nature (315) 216-218
Marine organic carbon is heavier isotopically (13C enriched) than most land-plant or terrestrial organic C1. Accordingly, ??13C values of organic C in modern marine sediments are routinely interpreted in terms of the relative proportions of marine and terrestrial sources of the preserved organic matter2,3. When independent geochemical techniques are used...
QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM FOR WET DEPOSITION SAMPLING AND CHEMICAL ANALYSES FOR THE NATIONAL TRENDS NETWORK.
LeRoy J. Schroder, Bernard A. Malo
Johnson Ted R.Penkala Stanley J., editor(s)
1985, Conference Paper
The purpose of the National Trends Network is to delineate the major inorganic constituents in the wet deposition in the United States. The approach chosen to monitor the Nation's wet deposition is to install approximately 150 automatic sampling devices with at least one collector in each state. Samples are collected...
Reply. Geologic time as a parameter in organic metamorphism and vitrinite reflectance as an absolute paleogeothermometer.
L.C. Price
1985, Journal of Petroleum Geology (8) 233-240
The present author defends his conclusions. Two errors in his earlier paper (M.A. 84M/1107) are corrected. (Preceding abstract) -P.Br....
MONITORING THE EARTH - TOO MANY PLAYERS?
Gene A. Thorley
1985, Conference Paper, Technical Papers of the American Society of Photogrammetry, Annual Meeting
Remote sensing from satellites provides a unique tool to measure the parameters of the Earth on a worldwide scale. A number of organizations are currently engaged in, or proposing to embark on, worldwide measurement/monitoring programs. Program objectives vary in type and complexity, including a form of technical library and an...
Hydrogeologic comparison of an acidic-lake basin with a neutral-lake basin in the West-Central Adirondack Mountains, New York
N.E. Peters, Peter S. Murdoch
1985, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution (26) 387-402
Two small headwater lake basins that receive similar amounts of acidic atmospheric deposition have significantly different lake outflow pH values; pH at Panther Lake (neutral) ranges from about 4.7 to 7; that at Woods Lake (acidic) ranges from about 4.3 to 5. A hydrologic analysis, which included monthly water budgets,...
SURVEYS OF COASTAL STRUCTURES USING GEOPHYSICAL TECHNIQUES.
John R. Dingler, Roberto J. Anima
Billy L. Edge, editor(s)
1985, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference
During the summer of 1983 and the spring and summer of 1984, the authors conducted side scan sonar and shallow subbottom surveys in conjunction with bathymetric and diving surveys along three northern California coastal structures to determine the condition of the structures before extensive damage occurred. Then the applicability of...
Case for periodic, colossal jokulhlaups from Pleistocene glacial Lake Missoula
R. B. Waitt Jr.
1985, Geological Society of America Bulletin (96) 1271-1286
Two classes of field evidence firmly establish that late Wisconsin glacial Lake Missoula drained periodically as scores of colossal jökulhlaups (glacier-outburst floods). (1) More than 40 successive, flood-laid, sand-to-silt graded rhythmites accumulated in back-flooded valleys in southern Washington. Hiatuses are indicated between flood-laid...
Origin of discontinuities in coal-bearing strata at roaring creek (basal Pennsylvanian of Indiana)
W.J. Nelson, Donald L. Eggert, William A. DiMichele, A.C. Stecyk
1985, International Journal of Coal Geology (4) 355-370
Basal Pennsylvanian coal-bearing strata exposed along Roaring Creek, west-central Indiana, exhibit extreme lateral discontinuity. Coal seams abruptly change in thickness and elevation; they split, grade into shale, are cut out by channels and disrupted by soft-sediment deformational structures. Initial sediments were...
Seismic structure and stratigraphy of northern edge of Bahaman-Cuban collision zone
M. M. Ball, R. G. Martin, W. D. Bock, R. E. Sylwester, R. M. Bowles, D. Taylor, E. L. Coward, J. E. Dodd, L. Gilbert
1985, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (69) 1275-1294
Common-depth-point (CDP) seismic reflection data in the southwestern Bahamas reveal the northern edge of the tectonized zone that resulted from the late Mesozoic-early Cenozoic collision of Cuba and the Bahamas. Two seismic facies are present: a basin facies and a shallow-water carbonate-platform facies. In Santaren Channel, between Cay Sal and...
A comparison of several methods of solving nonlinear regression groundwater flow problems
Richard L. Cooley
1985, Water Resources Research (21) 1525-1538
Computational efficiency and computer memory requirements for four methods of minimizing functions were compared for four test nonlinear-regression steady state groundwater flow problems. The fastest methods were the Marquardt and quasi-linearization methods, which required almost identical computer times and numbers of iterations; the next fastest was the quasi-Newton method, and...
LORAN-C LATITUDE-LONGITUDE CONVERSION AT SEA: PROGRAMMING CONSIDERATIONS.
James R. McCullough, Barry J. Irwin, Robert M. Bowles
1985, Conference Paper
Comparisons are made of the precision of arc-length routines as computer precision is reduced. Overland propagation delays are discussed and illustrated with observations from offshore New England. Present practice of LORAN-C error budget modeling is then reviewed with the suggestion that additional terms be considered in future modeling. Finally, some...
APPLICATIONS OF BOREHOLE-ACOUSTIC METHODS IN ROCK MECHANICS.
Frederick L. Paillet
1985, Conference Paper, Proceedings - Symposium on Rock Mechanics
Acoustic-logging methods using a considerable range of wavelengths and frequencies have proven very useful in the in situ characterization of deeply buried crystalline rocks. Seismic velocities are useful in investigating the moduli of unfractured rock, and in producing a continuous record of rock quality for comparison with discontinuous intervals of...
Aeromagnetic map and analysis of aeromagnetic and aeroradioactivity data in the Blood Mountain, Chattahoochee, and Tray Mountain Roadless Areas, northern Georgia
David L. Daniels
1985, Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1347-E
The data for the aerornagnetic map of the Blood Mountain, Chattahoochee, and Tray Mountain Roadless Areas and vicinity were compiled from two separate airborne surveys {U.S. Geological Survey, 1977, 1981) produced in cooperation with the State of Georgia. These surveys were flown by fixed - wing aircraft in 1976 and...
Geochemical mass-balance relationships for selected ions in precipitation and stream water, Catoctin Mountains, Maryland
B. G. Katz, O.P. Bricker, M.M. Kennedy
1985, American Journal of Science (285) 951-962
Results of a study of input/output mass balances for major ions based on the chemical composition of precipitation and stream-water, geochemical reactions with different loading rates of hydrogen ion, and watershed processes influencing the chemical character of stream-waters in two small watershed areas are reported with a view to predicting...
How the geomagnetic field vector reverses polarity
M. Prevot, E. A. Mankinen, C. S. Grommé, R. S. Coe
1985, Nature (316) 230-234
A highly detailed record of both the direction and intensity of the Earth's magnetic field as it reverses has been obtained from a Miocene volcanic sequence. The transitional field is low in intensity and is typically non-axisymmetric. Geomagnetic impulses corresponding to astonishingly high rates of change of the field sometimes...
Terrestrial vs. marine depositional model—A new assessment of subsurface Lower Pennsylvanian rocks of southwestern Virginia
C. L. Rice
1985, Geology (13) 786-789
A reinterpretation of the origin of subsurface rocks in southwestern Virginia and southeastern Kentucky suggests that, contrary to commonly accepted ideas, the Mississippian-Pennsylvanian Systemic boundary is an unconformity and the Lower Pennsylvanian quartz arenite sequences were deposited in a fluvial environment. Because Pennsylvanian...
Redescription of Bellerophon bittneri (Gastropoda: Triassic) from Wyoming.
E. L. Yochelson, D.W. Boyd, B. Wardlaw
1985, Contributions to Geology - University of Wyoming, Laramie (23) 99-104
Bellerophon bittneri Newell and Kummel is an Early Triassic bellerophontacean from the Dinwoody Formation in the Wind River Mountains. The available type material consists of one fair, but incomplete, external mold, which resembles a Bellerophon but is actually a Retispira. After repeated search, additional specimens were found at one locality...
TRANSIENT SOUNDING INVESTIGATION OF NEWBERRY VOLCANO, OREGON.
David V. Fitterman, Deborah K. Neev
1985, Conference Paper, Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council
Transient electromagnetic soundings were used to map the geoelectrical structure of Newberry Volcano in central Oregon. An extensive conductor was found to underlie the volcano and to have resistivities from 20 OMEGA m to 72 OMEGA m. The depth to the conductor ranges from 410 m to 870 m. Inside...
