Saprolite formation beneath Coastal Plain sediments near Washington, D.C.
M.J. Pavich, S. F. Obermeier
1985, Geological Society of America Bulletin (96) 886-900
Crystalline rocks buried beneath Atlantic Coastal Plain sediments in the Washington, D.C., area commonly have weathering profiles that resemble exposed saprolite of the Piedmont. Cuts along the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) route in northern Virginia show a bedrock weathering profile beneath Cretaceous and younger sediments.Three lines of evidence...
GEOLOGIC PROCESSES AFFECTING THE QUALITY OF THE UPPER FREEPORT COAL BED, WEST-CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA.
R.W. Stanton, C. B. Cecil, B.S. Pierce, L.F. Ruppert, F.T. Dulong
1985, Conference Paper
The number or types of origins of the components of a coal bed cannot be determined from its bulk composition. Minerals such as quartz, calcite, and pyrite as well as macerals such as vitrinite can originate from a variety of processes that result from different depositional conditions. The Upper Freeport...
Comparison of daily and weekly precipitation sampling efficiencies using automatic collectors
L.J. Schroder, R.A. Linthurst, J.E. Ellson, S.F. Vozzo
1985, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution (24) 177-187
Precipitation samples were collected for approximately 90 daily and 50 weekly sampling periods at Finley Farm, near Raleigh, North Carolina from August 1981 through October 1982. Ten wet-deposition samplers (AEROCHEM METRICS MODEL 301) were used; 4 samplers were operated for daily sampling, and 6 samplers were operated for weekly-sampling periods....
Temporal dynamics of an estuary: San Francisco Bay
J. E. Cloern, F.H. Nichols, editor(s)
1985, Book
Segmentation of mid-ocean ridges
Hans Schouten, Kim D. Klitgord, J.A. Whitehead
1985, Nature (317) 225-229
Studies of mid-ocean ridges in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans show that the volcanism that forms the oceanic crust along the spreading-plate boundaries is concentrated at regular intervals related to spreading rate. This observation and a new calculation for a Rayleigh-Taylor type of gravitational instability of a partially molten mantle...
10Be analysis of a Quaternary weathering profile in the Virginia Piedmont
M.J. Pavich, Louis Brown, J. Nathalie Valette-Silver, Jeffrey Klein, Roy Middleton
1985, Geology (13) 39-41
Samples from a residual weathering profile in the Virginia Piedmont have been analyzed for cosmogenic 10Be. Concentrations are highest in clay-rich soil and decrease exponentially to a depth of about 15 m. Despite uncertainties about the processes by which 10Be may be intercepted before entering...
Lognormal field size distributions as a consequence of economic truncation
E. D. Attanasi, L.J. Drew
1985, Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology (17) 335-351
The assumption of lognormal (parent) field size distributions has for a long time been applied to resource appraisal and evaluation of exploration strategy by the petroleum industry. However, frequency distributions estimated with observed data and used to justify this hypotheses are conditional. Examination of various observed field size distributions across...
Maceral distributions in Illinois coals and their paleoenvironmental implications
R.D. Harvey, J.W. Dillon
1985, International Journal of Coal Geology (5) 141-165
For purposes of assessing the maceral distribution of Illinois (U.S.A.) coals analyses were assembled for 326 face channel and drill core samples from 24 coal members of the Pennsylvanian System. The inertinite content of coals from the Missourian and Virgilian Series...
Pyrolysis-mass spectrometry/pattern recognition on a well-characterized suite of humic samples
P. MacCarthy, S.J. DeLuca, K.J. Voorhees, Ronald L. Malcolm, E.M. Thurman
1985, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (49) 2091-2096
A suite of well-characterized humic and fulvic acids of freshwater, soil and plant origin was subjected to pyrolysis-mass spectrometry and the resulting data were analyzed by pattern recognition and factor analysis. A factor analysis plot of the data shows that the humic acids and fulvic acids can be segregated into...
PERIODIC AUTOREGRESSIVE-MOVING AVERAGE (PARMA) MODELING WITH APPLICATIONS TO WATER RESOURCES.
A. V. Vecchia
1985, Water Resources Bulletin (21) 721-730
Results involving correlation properties and parameter estimation for autogressive-moving average models with periodic parameters are presented. A multivariate representation of the PARMA model is used to derive parameter space restrictions and difference equations for the periodic autocorrelations. Close approximation to the likelihood function for Gaussian PARMA processes results in efficient...
Temporal fluctuations in grain size, organic materials and iron concentrations in intertidal surface sediment of San Francisco Bay
E. A. Thomson-Becker, Samuel N. Luoma
1985, Hydrobiologia (129) 91-107
The physical and chemical characteristics of the oxidized surface sediment in an estuary fluctuate temporally in response to physical forces and apparently-fluctuating inputs. These characteristics, which include grain size and concentrations of organic materials and iron, will influence both trace-metal geochemistry and bioavailability. Temporal trends in the abundance of fine...
Partition coefficients of organic compounds in lipid-water systems and correlations with fish bioconcentration factors
C. T. Chiou
1985, Environmental Science & Technology (19) 57-62
Triolein-water partition coefficients (KtW) have been determined for 38 slightly water-soluble organic compounds, and their magnitudes have been compared with the corresponding octanol-water partition coefficients (KOW). In the absence of major solvent-solute interaction effects in the organic solvent phase, the conventional treatment (based on Raoult's law) predicts sharply lower partition...
Carbonate concretions: an ideal sedimentary host for microfossils
C.D. Blome, N. R. Albert
1985, Geology (13) 212-215
Microfossils extracted from carbonate concretions tend to be better preserved, more abundant and diverse, and more likely to retain delicate and fragile structures than those extracted from the surrounding rocks. Enhanced preservation correlates with early diagenetic concretion formation at or near the sediment-water...
Characteristics of the aftershock sequence of the Borah Peak, Idaho, earthquake determined from digital recordings of the events
John Boatwright
1985, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (75) 1265-1284
The U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, deployed and maintained a network of twelve digital instruments over the 2 weeks following the 28 October 1983 Borah Peak, Idaho, earthquake. The network recorded 45 events with M ≧ 3.0, and 6 events with M ≦ 4.0. The epicenters are located in a...
A two-dimensional dam-break flood plain model
T. V. Hromadka II, C. E. Berenbrock, J. R. Freckleton, G. L. Guymon
1985, Advances in Water Resources (8) 7-14
A simple two-dimensional dam-break model is developed for flood plain study purposes. Both a finite difference grid and an irregular triangle element integrated finite difference formulation are presented. The governing flow equations are approximately solved as a diffusion model coupled to the equation of continuity. Application of the model to...
Viral diseases of fish: first report of carp pox in golden ide (Leuciscus idus) in North America
P. E. McAllister, B. C. Lidgerding, R. L. Herman, L.C. Hoyer, J. Hankins
1985, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (21) 199-204
Carp pox, a putative viral disease exotic to North America, occurred in golden ide 1 yr after the fish were imported into the United States from the Federal Republic of Germany. The raised, white, plaque-like lesions, which occurred on about 5% of the...
Thermodynamic stability of CoOOH and its coprecipitation with manganese
J.D. Hem, C. E. Roberson, Carol J. Lind
1985, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (49) 801-810
A precipitate of cobalt oxyhydroxides formed by bubbling oxygen through a dilute solution of Co(NO3)2 held at pH 9.0 and 25°C was aged for 23 months in contact with the original solution, with access to atmospheric oxygen. Co3O4 and CoOOH were identified in the precipitate by X-ray diffraction. Chemical equilibria involving these...
CLAY MINERALOGY OF INSOLUBLE RESIDUES IN MARINE EVAPORITES.
Marc W. Bodine Jr.
1985, Conference Paper
Insoluble residues from three sequences of Paleozoic marine evaporites (Retsof salt bed in western New York, Salado Formation in south-eastern New Mexico, and Paradox Member of the Hermosa Formation in southeastern Utah) are rich in trioctahedral clays. Chlorite (clinochlore), corrensite (mixed-layer chlorite-trioctahedral smectite), talc, and illite (the only dioctahedral clay)...
Elemental X-ray mapping of agglutinated foraminifer tests: A non- destructive technique for determining compositional characteristics.
R.F. Commeau, Leslie A. Reynolds, C. W. Poag
1985, Micropaleontology (31) 380-386
The composition of agglutinated foraminiferal tests vary remarkably in response to local substrate characteristics, physiochemical properties of the water column and species- dependant selectivity of test components. We have employed a technique that combines a scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer system to identify major and minor...
Effects of wildlife of ethyl and methyl parathion applied to California USA rice fields
T. W. Custer, E. F. Hill, H. M. Ohlendorf
1985, California Fish and Game (71) 220-224
Selected rice fields on the Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge Complex were aerially sprayed one time during May or June 1982 with either ethyl (0.11 kg Al/ha) or methyl (0.84 kg AI/ha) parathion for control of tadpole shrimp, Triops longicaudatus. No sick or dead vertebrate wildlife were found or adjacent to...
Increased benthic grazing: An alternative explanation for low phytoplankton biomass in northern San Francisco Bay during the 1976-1977 drought
F.H. Nichols
1985, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (21) 379-388
Among the consequences of extremely low river flow into northern San Francisco Bay during a two-year drought were (1) a gradual increase in salinity, (2) an unusual decline in chlorophyll a concentration, and (3) the upstream migration of estuarine benthic invertebrates to the normally brackish area of the bay. Total abundance in...
The copper-nickel concentration log: A tool for stratigraphic interpretation within the ultramafic and basal zones of the stillwater complex, Montana
L.J. Drew, W.J. Bawiec, N.J. Page, J.H. Schuenemeyer
1985, Journal of Geochemical Exploration (23) 117-137
An analogue to the electric well log was devised for copper-nickel concentration drill-hole data from the Basal and lower part of the Ultramafic zones of the Stillwater Complex using automated data processing. The copper-nickel concentration logs graphically represent intensity (concentration) values that reflect the distribution of the elements in sulfide...
SAS program for quantitative stratigraphic correlation by principal components
M.E. Hohn
1985, Computers & Geosciences (11) 471-477
A SAS program is presented which constructs a composite section of stratigraphic events through principal components analysis. The variables in the analysis are stratigraphic sections and the observational units are range limits of taxa. The program standardizes data in each section, extracts eigenvectors, estimates missing range limits, and computes the...
Seismic and geochemical evidence for shallow gas in sediment on Navarin continental margin, Bering Sea
Paul R. Carlson, Margaret Golan-Bac, Herman A. Karl, Keith A. Kvenvolden
1985, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (69) 422-436
Marine seismic studies coupled with geochemical investigations demonstrate that hydrocarbon gases are ubiquitous in the near-surface (<= 250 m or 820 ft depth) sediment of the Navarin continental margin in the northern Bering Sea. Three types of acoustic anomalies appear to be related to the presence of gas in the...
Root zone of the late Proterozoic Salma caldera, northeastern Arabian Shield, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
K.S. Kellogg
1985, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (90) 11253-11262
The eroded root of the late Proterozoic Salma caldera crops out in a striking, roughly elliptical feature, about 27 km long and 22 km wide, near the northeastern edge of the Arabian Shield. The caldera is genetically part of an elongate alkalic granitic massif (Jabal Salma) that extends 35 km...
