Environmental trade-offs of tunnels vs cut-and-cover subways
M. Walton
1978, Underground Space (3) 61-67
Heavy construction projects in cities entail two kinds of cost - internal cost, which can be defined in terms of payments from one set of parties to another, and external cost, which is the cost borne by the community at large as the result of disutilities entailed in construction and...
Subaerial weathering of sedimentary organic matter
J.L. Clayton, P.J. Swetland
1978, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (42) 305-312
Small diameter core samples were taken from outcrops of the Permian Phosphoria Formation and the Cretaceous Pierre Shale of the Western United States to determine the effects of weathering on organic matter in shale outcrops. While the Pierre Shale core showed no evidence of weathering, the Phosphoria Formation showed significant...
Induction of auroral zone electric currents within the Alaska pipeline
W.H. Campbell
1978, Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH (116) 1143-1173
The Alaskar pipeline is a highly conducting anomaly extending 800 miles (1300 km) from about 62?? to 69?? geomagnetic latitude beneath the most active regions of the ionospheric electrojet current. The spectral behavior of the magnetic field from this current was analyzed using data from standard geomagnetic observatories to establish...
Lithic and chemical compositions of samples from the Wiggins and Tepee Trail Formations, southern Absaroka Range, Wyoming
Keith Brindley Ketner, Frederick S. Fisher
1978, Open-File Report 78-223
No abstract available....
Mass transfer and carbon isotope evolution in natural water systems
T.M.L. Wigley, Niel Plummer, F. J. Pearson Jr.
1978, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (42) 1117-1139
This paper presents a theoretical treatment of the evolution of the carbon isotopes C13 and C14 in natural waters and in precipitates which derive from such waters. The effects of an arbitrary number of sources (such as dissolution of carbonate minerals and oxidation of organic material) and sinks (such as...
Reproduction of chaparral shrubs after fire: A comparison of sprouting and seeding strategies
Jon E. Keeley, Paul H. Zedler
1978, American Midland Naturalist (99) 142-161
The relative ability of sprouting and nonsprouting chaparral shrubs to recover from fire was studied by examining population of congeneric pairs of species in burned and adjacent unburned areas. The pairs of species selected, with the nonsprouting species named first, were Arctostaphylos...
Bisbenzamide, a fluorochrome stain for DNA
K. Wolf, M.E. Markiw
1978, Fish Health News (7) 140-141
Forty-first breeding bird census. No. 147. Tamarisk-desert riparian
E.A. Cardiff, S.W. Cardiff, K.H. Berry
1978, American Birds (32) 105-106
Geomagnetic paleointensities from radiocarbon‐dated lava flows on Hawaii and the question of the Pacific nondipole low
Robert S. Coe, Sherman Gromme, Edward A. Mankinen
1978, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (83) 1740-1756
Radiocarbon ages have been published for nine basaltic lava flows on the island of Hawaii; the ages range from 2600 to somewhat older than 17,900 years B.P. By using the Thelliers' method in vacuum, geomagnetic paleointensity values were obtained from eight of the lavas; the ninth proved unsuitable. The paleointensities...
Chemical and bacteriological quality of water at selected sites in the San Antonio area, Texas, February 1975 - September 1977
R.D. Reeves
1978, Report
No abstract available....
Regional mineral resource assessment in Alaska, a case history
Donald A. Singer, W. D. Menzie, John H. DeYoung Jr.
1978, Conference Paper, Computer mapping for resource analysis—Proceedings of an international conference
No abstract available....
Geomagnetic polarity event recorded at 1.1 m.y. B.P. on Cobb Mountain, Clear Lake volcanic field, California
Edward A. Mankinen, J.M. Donnelly, C. S. Grommé
1978, Geology (6) 653-656
Paleomagnetic studies show that a normal polarity event within the Matuyama reversed polarity epoch is recorded by one of the volcanic units on Cobb Mountain in northern California. K-Ar age determinations show that this event has an age of 1.12 ± 0.02 m.y. and clearly preceded the Jaramillo normal polarity...
Interpretation of a Landsat image of an unusual flood phenomenon in Australia
Charles J. Robinove
1978, Remote Sensing of Environment (7) 219-225
A Landsat image of part of the flooded area of Cooper Creek, Queensland, Australia, in February 1974, shows large dark areas within the flooded valley. The dark areas are believed to be wet, but unflooded, areas of dark alluvial soil. These striking features, which have not previously been identified on...
Possible fossil H2O liquid-ice interfaces in the Martian crust
L.A. Soderblom, D. B. Wenner
1978, Icarus (34) 622-637
Throughout the northern equatorial region of Mars, extensive areas have been uniformly stripped, roughly to a constant depth. These terrains vary widely in their relative ages. A model is described here to explain this phenomenon as reflecting the vertical distribution of H2O liquid and ice in the crust. Under present...
Geothermal resource assessment of the United States
L.J.P. Muffler, R.L. Christiansen
1978, Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH (117) 160-171
Geothermal resource assessment is the broadly based appraisal of the quantities of heat that might be extracted from the earth and used economically at some reasonable future time. In the United States, the Geological Survey is responsible for preparing geothermal assessments based on the best available data and interpretations. Updates...
Map showing gold determined by atomic absorption and spectrographically determined silver in stream sediments, Ketchikan and Prince Rupert quadrangles, Alaska
Richard D. Koch, Raymond L. Elliott, M. J. Diggles
1978, Open-File Report 78-73-G
No abstract available....
Minerals produced during cooling and hydrothermal alteration of ash flow tuff from Yellowstone drill hole Y-5
T. E. C. Keith, L.J.P. Muffler
1978, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (3) 373-402
A rhyolitic ash-flow tuff in a hydrothermally active area within the Yellowstone caldera was drilled in 1967, and cores were studied to determine the nature and distribution of primary and secondary mineral phases. The rocks have undergone a complex history of crystallization and hydrothermal alteration since their emplacement 600,000 years...
Radon emanation on San Andreas Fault
C.-Y. King
1978, Nature (271) 516-519
Subsurface radon emanation monitored in shallow dry holes along an active segment of the San Andreas fault in central California shows spatially coherent large temporal variations that seem to be correlated with local seismicity. ??1978 Nature Publishing Group....
Formation of lunar basin rings
C. A. Hodges, D.E. Wilhelms
1978, Icarus (34) 294-323
The origin of the multiple concentric rings that characterize lunar impact basins, and the probable depth and diameter of the transient crater have been widely debated. As an alternative to prevailing “megaterrace” hypotheses, we propose that the outer scarps or mountain rings that delineate the topographic rims of basins—the Cordilleran...
Applications of the VLF induction method for studying some volcanic processes of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii
C.J. Zablocki
1978, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (3) 155-195
The very low-frequency (VLF) induction method has found exceptional utility in studying various volcanic processes of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii because: (1) significant anomalies result exclusively from ionically conductive magma or still-hot intrusions (> 800??C) and the attendant electrolytically conductive hot groundwater; (2) basalt flows forming the bulk of Kilauea have...
Leasable mineral and waterpower land classification map of the Shiprock quadrangle, New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, and Utah
Donald A. DeCicco, E. D. Patterson, Gale A. Lutz
1978, Open-File Report 78-478
No abstract available....
Seasonal trends in summer diet of the lapland longspur near Barrow Alaska USA
T. W. Custer, F.A. Pitelka
1978, The Condor (80) 295-301
Contents of lapland longspur [Calcarius lapponicus] stomachs and esophagi were sampled near Barrow, Alaska [USA], from May-Aug. in 1969, 1971, 1972 and 1973. Data from stomach contents were corrected for differential digestion of prey items. Longspurs shifted seasonally from larval to adult arthropods and back to larvae, responding to changes...
Feeding habitat use by colonially-breeding herons, egrets, and ibises in North Carolina
Thomas W. Custer, Ronald G. Osborn
1978, The Auk (95) 733-743
Nine species of herons, egrets, and ibises were followed by airplane from a nesting colony near Beaufort, North Carolina to their feeding sites. Except for Cattle Egrets, which flew exclusively to fields and dumps, the birds flew mainly to saltmarsh habitat. The selection of feeding habitats by Great Egrets and...
Workshop on Abundance Estimation
O. Celenk, A. L. Clark, D. R. de Vletter, R. G. Garrett, Staaldvinen C. van
1978, Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology (10) 473-480
[No abstract available]...
Leasable mineral and waterpower land classification map of the Albuquerque quadrangle, New Mexico
Donald A. DeCicco, E. D. Patterson, Gale A. Lutz
1978, Open-File Report 78-475
No abstract available....
