Effect of initial radioactive-daughter disequilibrium on U-Pb isotope apparent ages of young minerals
Kenneth R. Ludwig
1977, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (5) 663-667
Most calculations of U-Pb isotope apparent ages are made by use of equations that assume initial secular equilibrium of the uranium decay-chains. The possible error in calculated Pb/U isotope ratios arising from this assumption (especially for ores of sandstone uranium deposits) can be over 10 percent at 1 million years...
Quality of storm-water runoff from a residential area, Broward County, Florida
H. C. Mattraw Jr., C. B. Sherwood
1977, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (5) 823-834
Rainfall, runoff, and water-quality information were collected in a 19.2-hectare single-family residential area in Broward County, Fla., between April 1974 and September 1975. During this period, 231 rainfall periods were recorded; 106 were large enough to produce runoff, and 30 were sampled for chemical analyses. The fraction of rainfall that...
Solution of water-table and anisotropic flow problems by using the strongly implicit procedure
S. P. Larson, Peter C. Trescott
1977, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (5) 815-821
The use of the strongly implicit procedure (SIP) with an additional iteration parameter, β, to scale the residual vector is advantageous to the solution of some ground-waterflow problems. For steady-state water-table problems plagued by excessive elimination of grid blocks during the iteration process, selection of β<1 can be effective in...
Accuracy of channel measurements and the implications in estimating streamflow characteristics
Kenneth L. Wahl
1977, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (5) 811-814
Regional relations between flow characteristics and stream-channel size offer a promising alternative to available methods of estimating flow characteristics for ungauged sites, particularly in semiarid regions. The reliability of such relations and of flow estimates made from them is partly dependent on the user's ability to recognize a suitable reach...
Measuring total antimony in geothermal waters by flame atomic absorption spectrometry
R. E. Stauffer
1977, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (5) 807-809
A flame atomic absorption procedure utilizing an electrodeless discharge lamp is described for determining total solute antimony in silica-rich geothermal waters. Following NaNO2 oxidation of Sb+3, SbCl5 is extracted from 6 N HCl solution by using MIBK (methyl isobutyl ketone) ; silica in the organic layer is removed by centrifugation....
Heat capacities of gibbsite, Al(OH)3, between 13 and 480 K and magnesite, MgCO3, between 13 and 380 K and their standard entropies at 289.15 K, and the heat capacities of Calorimetry Conference benzoic acid between 12 and 316 K
Bruce S. Hemingway, Richard A. Robie, James R. Fisher, William H. Wilson
1977, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (5) 797-806
The heat capacities of gibbsite and magnesite were measured between 13 and 380 K by means of an adiabatic calorimeter. The heat capacity of gibbsite was measured continuously between 340 and 480 K by means of a differential scanning calorimeter. Tables of the thermodynamic functions C°P, (H°T–H°O)/T,–(G°T–H°O)/T, and S°T–S°O are...
Geology of the gabbroic complex along the northern border of the Josephine Peridotite, Vulcan Peak area, southwestern Oregon
R. A. Loney, Glen R. Himmelberg
1977, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (5) 761-781
The terrane bordering the alpine-type Josephine Peridotite on the north in the Vulcan Peak area, southwestern Oregon, is composed of intrusive hornblende gabbro (Middle Jurassic) and scattered remnants of clinopyroxene-bearing ultramafic rocks and amphibolite. The amphibolite, which preliminary analyses suggest is of andesitic composition, has undergone regional metamorphism to the...
IPOD-USGS multichannel seismic reflection profile from Cape Hatteras to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
John A. Grow, Rudi G. Markl
1977, Geology (5) 625-630
A 3,400-km-long multichannel seismic-reflection profile from Cape Hatteras to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge was acquired commercially under contract to the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Geological Survey. These data show evidence for massive erosion of the continental slope, diapirs at the base of the continental slope, and mantle reflections beneath...
Solution of three-dimensional groundwater flow equations using the strongly implicit procedure
P.C. Trescott, S. P. Larson
1977, Journal of Hydrology (35) 49-60
A three-dimensional numerical model has been coded to use the strongly implicit procedure for solving the finite-difference approximations to the ground-water flow equation. The model allows for: (1) the representation of each aquifer and each confining bed by several layers; and (2) the use of an anisotropic hydraulic conductivity at...
Status of projects in Minnesota, fiscal years 1977 and 1978
U.S. Geological Survey
1977, Report
No abstract available....
Paleomagnetism of welded tuffs of the Yellowstone group
Richard L. Reynolds
1977, Journal of Geophysical Research (82) 3677-3693
Two of the three ash flow tuffs of the Yellowstone Group are stably magnetized throughout their extent: the Lava Creek tuff (0.60 m.y.) in a normal direction and the Mesa Falls tuff (1.22 m.y.) in a reversed direction. In contrast, much of the Huckleberry Ridge tuff, which was erupted during...
Lunar surface chemistry: A new imaging technique
C.G. Andre, M.J. Bielefeld, E. Eliason, L.A. Soderblom, I. Adler, J.A. Philpotts
1977, Science (197) 986-989
Detailed chemical maps of the lunar surface have been constructed by applying a new weighted-filter imaging technique to Apollo 15 and Apollo 16 x-ray fluorescence data. The data quality improvement is amply demonstrated by (i) modes in the frequency distribution, representing highland and mare soil suites, which are not evident...
A new curved baculite from the Upper Cretaceous of Wyoming
W. A. Cobban
1977, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (5) 457-462
Baculites reduncus, n. sp., is a moderately large ammonite that has a curved shell, a large angle of taper, and a stout ovate cross section. Conspicuous broad, arcuate ribs cross the upper two-thirds of the flank. The suture, which is fairly complex, has a distinctive lateral lobe. All the types...
Hydrologic characteristics of the Madison Limestone, the Minnelusa Formation, and equivalent rocks as determined by well-logging formation evaluation, Wyoming, Montana, South Dakota, and North Dakota
William J. Head, Richard H. Merkel
1977, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (5) 473-485
Geophysical logs from wells distributed throughout the Powder River Basin were digitized, processed, and interpreted to get a regional understanding of the lithologic and ground-water characteristics of aquifers in the Madison Limestone and Minnelusa Formation. The percentage of sand, porosity, and apparent ground-water resistivity of the Minnelusa closely follow structural...
Relation of surflcial erosion on hillslopes to profile geometry
R. F. Hadley, T.J. Toy
1977, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (5) 487-490
Differences in erosion rates in relation to the geometry of hillslope profiles were hypothesized by R. E. Horton in 1945. Experimental testing of this hypothesis is described for natural hillslopes in western Colorado using a rainfall simulator to apply five "storms" each having an intensity of 1.85 inches per hour...
A Galerkin, finite-element analysis of steady-state flow and heat transport in the shallow hydrothermal system in the East Mesa area, Imperial Valley, California
R.E. Miller
1977, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (5) 497-509
A steady-state simulation model was applied to the shallow hydrothermal system in the East Mesa area of Imperial Valley, Calif. The steady-state equations of flow and heat transport were solved by use of a Galerkin, finite-element method. A solution was obtained by iterating between the temperature and pressure equations, using...
Benthic invertebrates in an arctic mountain stream, Brooks Range, Alaska
K. V. Slack, J. W. Nauman, L. J. Tilley
1977, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (5) 519-527
A 1-day, late-summer reconnaissance of the Dietrich River, Alaska, determined species composition and diversity of benthic invertebrates and examined the correlation between stream order and invertebrate distribution. Benthic invertebrates were collected by dip net, drift net, and 10-rock collections, and results were combined for each station. Forty-nine taxa were identified...
Microwave radiometric survey of the San Joaquin nuclear project site, Kern County, California
G. R. Johnson, A. W. England
1977, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (5) 431-435
An airborne microwave survey was made in the region of the San Joaquin nuclear project site near Bakersfield, Calif. The purpose of the study was to determine if the variability of soil emissivity due to moisture content is a valid near-surface expression of buried fault systems. The results showed the...
Magnitude, distance, and intensity data for C.I.T. strong motion records
Robin K. McGuire, James A. Barnhard
1977, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (5) 437-443
The site Modified Mercalli intensities and epicentral distances of strong motion records published by the California Institute of Technology are reported, as well as the magnitude, focal depth, and maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of the event associated with each record. These data were obtained from original sources. The use of...
Chemical dissolution of sulfide minerals
T. T. Chao, R. F. Sanzolone
1977, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (5) 409-412
Chemical dissolution treatments involving the use of aqua regia, 4 N HNO3, H2O2-ascorbic acid, oxalic acid, KClO3+HCl, and KClO3+HCl followed by 4 N HNO3 were applied to specimens of nine common sulfide minerals (galena, chalcopyrite, cinnabar, molybdenite, orpiment, pyrite, stibnite, sphalerite, and tetrahedrite) mixed individually with a clay loam soil....
Spherulitic rhyolite dike from Goat Island, southeastern Alaska
Walter R. Vennum, G. Donald Eberlein
1977, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (5) 445-451
Spherulites, as much as 4 mm in diameter, locally constitute almost 50 percent by volume of a dark-red rhyolite dike that intrudes porphyritic pyroxene gabbro along the northeast coast of Goat Island, 3.2 km northwest of Hydaburg, southeastern Alaska. The largest spherulites are composed mainly of o-quartz, whereas the smallest...
Enthalpies of formation of low albite (NaAlSi3O8), gibbsite (Al(OH)3), and NaAlO2; revised values for ΔH°f,298 and ΔG°f,298 of some aluminosilicate minerals
Bruce S. Hemingway, Richard A. Robie
1977, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (5) 413-429
The enthalpies of formation from the elements ΔH°t, of low albite, analbite, NaAlSi3O8 glass, gibbsite (Al(OH)3), and NaAlO2, have been determined by hydrofluoric acid solution calorimetry from measurements of the heats of solution, ΔH°soln, of low albite, NaAlO2, SiO2, Al(OH)3, Al, H2O, NaCl, and HC1-12.731H2O in 20.1 weight percent HF(aq) at...
Solubility of natural fluorite at 25°C
D. W. Brown, C. E. Roberson
1977, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (5) 509-517
The solubility products of two samples of natural fluorite from Rosiclare, Ill., and from Madoc, Ontario, were determined at 25°C by analyses of calcium and fluoride in sodium perchlorate solutions of varying ionic strength over a period of 3 years. Calcium concentrations were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, fluoride concentrations...
Miospore diversity and its relationship to lithology in the Coker Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of western Alabama
Raymond A. Christopher
1977, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (5) 463-472
A multiple-regression procedure was applied to samples from two cores of the Coker Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of western Alabama in an attempt to characterize the relationship between the diversity of miospore species and selected lithologic factors. The resulting prediction equations suggest that the number of miospore species in these samples...
Determination of arsenic, antimony, and selenium in coal by atomic absorption spectrometry with a graphite tube atomizea
Philip Aruscavage
1977, Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (5) 405-408
Submicrogram quantities of antimony, arsenic, and selenium in coal samples are determined by an atomic absorption procedure using an electrically heated graphite atomizer. The samples are decomposed in a mixture of nitric, sulfuric, and perchloric acids and are separated and concentrated by extraction from sulfuric acid-iodide solution into toluene. The...
