Potential for increased hydrothermal arsenic flux during volcanic unrest: Implications for California water supply
Steven E. Ingebritsen, William C. Evans
2019, Applied Geochemistry (108)
The hydrothermal systems associated with the restless high-threat volcanoes at Lassen and Long Valley, California, each release large amounts of arsenic (As) to surface waters – ~6 and ~8 metric tons/yr, respectively. The hydrothermal As output can increase during volcanic unrest,...
A 3-year in-situ measurement of CO2 efflux in coastal wetlands: Understanding carbon loss through ecosystem respiration and its partitioning
Xueyang Yu, Siyuan Ye, Linda Olsson, Mengjie Wei, Ken Krauss, Hans Brix
2019, Wetlands 1-12
Understanding the link between ecosystem respiration (Reco) and its influential factors is necessary to evaluate the sources of gaseous carbon loss in coastal wetlands. Seablite (Suaeda salsa Pall.) is the main vegetation type pioneering temperate coastal wetlands in northeast China, and is generally an understudied wetland type. To evaluate the...
Benthic community dynamics in Coyote Creek and Artesian Slough, southern San Francisco Bay, California, May 2016 to March 2018
Kelly H. Shrader, Sarah A. Pearson, Francis Parchaso, Janet K. Thompson
2019, Open-File Report 2019-1057
The primary objective of this study is to quantify current (2016–18) benthic-community structure and function in the southern San Francisco Bay, and to compare those communities to the communities in the neighboring sloughs. The study area is inclusive of the area south of the Dumbarton Bridge including Coyote Creek and...
Assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in southern Lake Powell, Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, Arizona and Utah, 2016–17
Alissa L. Coes, Nicholas V. Paretti, David A. Alvarez, Jamie P. Macy
2019, Scientific Investigations Report 2019-5065
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination related to boat use is one of the most important water-quality issues affecting Lake Powell. High concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water are common around marinas and other areas with extensive motorboat activity because of releases of uncombusted or partially combusted oil and gasoline from...
Widespread diminishing anthropogenic effects on calcium in freshwaters
Gesa A. Weyhenmeyer, Jens Hartmann, Dag O. Hessen, Jiří Kopáček, Josef Hejzlar, Stephan Jacquet, Stephen K. Hamilton, Piet Verburg, Taylor H. Leach, Martin Schmid, Giovanna Flaim, Tiina Nõges, Peeter Nõges, Valerie C. Wentzky, Michela Rogora, James A. Rusak, Sarian Kosten, Andrew M. Paterson, Katrin Teubner, Scott N. Higgins, Gregory B. Lawrence, Külli Kangur, Ilga Kokorite, Leonardo Cerasino, Clara Funk, Rebecca G. Harvey, Florentina Moatar, Heleen de Wit, Thomas Zechmeister
2019, Scientific Reports (9)
Calcium (Ca) is an essential element for almost all living organisms. Here, we examined global variation and controls of freshwater Ca concentrations, using 440 599 water samples from 43 184 inland water sites in 57 countries. We found that the global median Ca concentration was 4.0 mg L−1 with 20.7% of the water...
Seismic loss and damage in light-frame wood buildings from sequences of induced earthquakes
Robert E Chase, Abbie B. Liel, Nico Luco, Bridger W Baird
2019, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics (48) 1365-1383
Activities related to oil and gas production, especially deep disposal of wastewater, have led to sequences of induced earthquakes in the central U.S. This study aims to quantify damage to and seismic losses for light-frame wood buildings when subjected to sequences of induced, small to moderate magnitude, events. To conduct...
Twenty-first century California, USA, wildfires: Fuel-dominated vs. wind-dominated fires
Jon Keeley, Alexandra D. Syphard
2019, Fire Ecology (15)
Since the beginning of the twenty-first century California, USA, has experienced a substantial increase in the frequency of large wildfires, often with extreme impacts on people and property. Due to the size of the state, it is not surprising that the factors driving these changes differ across this region. Although...
An introduction to the “Oceans and Society: Blue Planet” Initiative
Emily A Smail, Paul DiGiacomo, Sophie Seeave, Samy Djavidnia, Louis Celliers, Pierre-Yves Le Traon, Jeremy Gault, Elva Escobar-Briones, Hans-Peter Plag, Christine Pequignet, Lenore Bajona, Lin Zhang, Jay Pearlman, Andy Steven, Jon Hodge, Fanny-Mae Racault, Curt D. Storlazzi, Willam Skirving
2019, Journal of Operational Oceanography (12) s1-s11
We live on a blue planet, and Earth’s waters benefit many sectors of society. The future of our blue planet is increasingly reliant on the services delivered by marine, coastal and inland waters and on the advancement of effective, evidence-based decisions on sustainable development. “Oceans and Society: Blue Planet” (hereafter...
Linking demographic and food-web models to understand management trade-offs
Martina Kadin, Morten Frederiksen, Susa Niiranen, Sarah J. Converse
2019, Ecology and Evolution (9) 8587-8600
Alternatives in ecosystem-based management often differ with respect to trade-offs between ecosystem values. Ecosystem or food-web models and demographic models are typically employed to evaluate alternatives, but the approaches are rarely integrated to uncover conflicts between values. We applied multi-state models to a capture-recapture dataset on common guillemots Uria aalge...
Developing and testing physically based triggering thresholds for runoff‐generated debris flows
Hui Tang, Luke A. McGuire, Francis K. Rengers, Jason W. Kean, Dennis M. Staley, Joel B. Smith
2019, Geophysical Research Letters (46) 8830-8839
Runoff in steep channels is capable of transitioning into debris flows with hazardous implications for downstream communities and infrastructure, particularly in alpine landscapes with minimal vegetation and areas recently disturbed by wildfire. Here, we derive thresholds for the initiation of runoff‐generated debris flows based on critical...
Effect of male age structure on reproduction in white-tailed deer
Duane R. Diefenbach, Gary Alt, Bret D. Wallingford, Christopher S. Rosenberry, Eric S. Long
2019, Journal of Wildlife Management (83) 1368-1376
Selective harvest regimes that create female-biased sex ratios can potentially lead to delayed breeding, reduced breeding synchrony, reduced productivity, and a female-biased sex ratio of offspring. These resulting changes in breeding behavior and population dynamics have potential to adversely affect population growth. In 2002, Pennsylvania implemented harvest regulation changes that...
Soil texture and precipitation seasonality influence plant community structure in North American temperate shrub steppe
Rachel R. Renne, John B. Bradford, Ingrid C. Burke, William K. Lauenroth
2019, Ecology (100)
In drylands, the coexistence of grasses and woody plants has been attributed to soil‐water resource partitioning. Soil texture and precipitation seasonality can influence the amount and distribution of water in the soil, and their interaction may play an important role in determining the relative importance of grasses and woody plants....
FLUXNET-CH4 synthesis activity: Objectives, observations, and future directions
Sara H. Knox, Robert B. Jackson, Benjamin Poulter, Gavin McNicol, Etienne Fluet-Chouinard, Zhen Zhang, Gustaf Hugelius, Philippe Bousquet, Josep G Canadell, Marielle Saunois, Dario Papale, Housen Chu, Trevor F. Keenan, Dennis Baldocchi, Margaret S. Torn, Ivan Mammarella, Carlo Trotta, Mika Aurela, Gil Bohrer, David I. Campbell, Alessandro Cescatti, Samuel D. Chamberlain, Jiquan Chen, Weinan Chen, Sigrid Dengel, Ankur R. Desai, Eugenie S. Euskirchen, Thomas Friborg, Daniele Gasbarra, Ignacio Goded, Mathias Goeckede, Martin Heimann, Manuel Helbig, Takashi Hirano, David Y. Hollinger, Hiroki Iwata, Minseok Kang, Janina Klatt, Ken Krauss, Lars Kutzbach, Annalea Lohila, Bhaskar Mitra, Timothy H Morin, Mats B. Nilsson, Shuli Niu, Asko Noormets, Walter C. Oechel, Matthias Peichl, Olli Peltola, Michele L. Reba, Andrew D. Richardson, Benjamin R. K. Runkle, Youngryel Ryu, Torsten Sachs, Karina V R Schafer, Hans Peter Schmid, Narasinha Shurpali, Oliver Sonnentag, Angela C I Tang, Masahito Ueyama, Rodrigo Vargas, Timo Vesala, Eric Ward, Lisamarie Windham-Myers, Georg Wohlfahrt, Donatella Zona
2019, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (100) 2607-2632
This paper describes the formation of, and initial results for, a new FLUXNET coordination network for ecosystem-scale methane (CH4) measurements at 60 sites globally, organized by the Global Carbon Project in partnership with other initiatives and regional flux tower networks. The objectives of the effort are presented along with an...
Editorial: Synthetic Aperture Radar and natural hazards: Applications and outlooks
Federico Di Traglia, Andrea Ciampalini, Giuseppe Pezzo, Maurizio Battaglia
2019, Frontiers in Earth Science (7)
The ability of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) to image the Earth’s surface, even through dense cloud cover and in night-and-day conditions, can facilitate the evaluation and monitoring of natural hazards and the management of natural disasters. The family of SAR satellite sensors orbits the Earth at an altitude ranging from...
Improved implementation of rupture location uncertainty in fault displacement hazard assessment
Rui Chen, Mark D. Petersen
2019, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (109) 2132-2137
This short note proposes an improvement to the implementation of uncertainty associated with rupture location from future earthquakes in probabilistic fault displacement hazard analysis. Location uncertainty leads to nonzero primary fault displacement near a mapped fault. With the improved implementation of location uncertainty, estimated fault displacement hazard at a given...
Hydroacoustic, meteorologic and seismic observations of the 2016 Nansen Ice Shelf calving event and iceberg formation
Robert Dziak, W. S. Lee, Joe Haxel, Haru Matsumoto, Gabrielle Tepp, T-K Lau, Lauren Roche, S H Yun, C. K. Lee, J. Y. Lee, S.T. Yoon
2019, Frontiers in Earth Science (7)
On 7 April 2016, the Nansen Ice Shelf (NIS) front calved into two icebergs, the first large-scale calving event in >30 years. Three hydrophone moorings were deployed seaward of the NIS in December 2015 and over the following months recorded hundreds of short duration, broadband (10-400 Hz) cryogenic signals, likely...
Northern forest winters have lost cold, snowy conditions that are important for ecosystems and human communities
Alexandra R Contosta, Nora J. Casson, Sarah Garlick, Sarah J. Nelson, Matthew P Ayers, Elizabet A Buralkowski, John Campbell, Irean Creed, Catharine Eimers, Celia Evans, Ivan Fernandez, Collin Fuss, Thomas G. Huntington, Kaizad Pate, Rebecca Sanders-DeMott, Kyongo Son, Pamela H. Templer, Darren Thornbrugh
2019, Ecological Applications (29)
Winter is an understudied but key period for the socio-ecological systems of northeastern North American forests. A growing awareness of the importance of the winter season to forest ecosystems and surrounding communities has inspired several decades of research, both across the northern forest and at other mid- and high-latitude ecosystems...
Intensity and impact of the New York Railroad superstorm of May 1921
Jeffrey J. Love, Hisashi Hayakawa, Edward W. Cliver
2019, Space Weather (17) 1281-1292
Analysis is made of low‐latitude ground‐based magnetometer data recording the magnetic superstorm of May 1921. By inference, the storm was driven by a series of interplanetary coronal mass ejections, one of which produced a maximum pressure on the magnetopause of ~64.5 nPa, sufficient to compress the subsolar magnetopause radius to...
The Aleutian Low – Beaufort Sea Anticyclone: A climate index for predicting the timing of springtime melt in the Pacific Arctic cryosphere
Christopher J. Cox, Robert S. Stone, David C. Douglas, Diane Stanitski, Michael Gallagher
2019, Geophysical Research Letters (46) 7464-7473
Early and late extremes in the timing of snowmelt have recently been observed in the Pacific Arctic. Subseasonal-to-seasonal forecasts of this timing are important for industry, environmental management and Arctic communities. In northern Alaska, the timing is influenced by the advection of marine air from the north Pacific by the...
Geographic context affects the landscape change and fragmentation caused by wind energy facilities
James E. Diffendorfer, Monica Dorning, Jolene Keen, Louisa Kramer, Robert Taylor
2019, PeerJ (7)
Wind energy generation causes transformation of landscapes as new roads, pads, and transmission lines are constructed. Limiting the landscape change and fragmentation caused by these facilities likely minimizes impacts to biodiversity and sensitive wildlife species. We examined the effects of wind energy facilities’ geographic context on changes in landscape patterns....
Individual behaviour and resource use of thermally stressed brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis portend the conservation potential of thermal refugia
Shannon L. White, B.C. Kline, Nathaniel Hitt, Tyler Wagner
2019, Journal of Fish Biology (95) 1061-1071
Individual aggression and thermal refuge use were monitored in brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis in a controlled laboratory to determine how fish size and personality influence time spent in forage and thermal habitat patches during periods of thermal stress. On average, larger and more exploratory fish initiated more aggressive interactions and across all...
Triangle area water supply monitoring project, North Carolina-Summary of monitoring activities, quality assurance, and data, October 2015–September 2017
Cassandra A. Pfeifle, Jessica L. Cain, Ryan B. Rasmussen
2019, Open-File Report 2019-1077
Surface-water supplies are important sources of drinking water for residents in the Triangle area of North Carolina, which is located within the upper Cape Fear and Neuse River Basins. Since 1988, the U.S. Geological Survey and a consortium of local governments have tracked water-quality conditions and trends in several of...
Application of multiple-population viability analysis to evaluate species recovery alternatives
Helen M. Neville, Douglas R. Leasure, Daniel C. Dauwalter, Jason B. Dunham, Robin Bjork, Kurt A. Fesenmyer, Nathan Chelgren, Mary M. Peacock, Charles H. Luce, Daniel J. Isaak, Lee Ann Carranza, Jon Sjoberg, Seth J. Wenger
2019, Conservation Biology (34) 482-493
Population viability analysis (PVA) is a powerful conservation tool, but one that remains unapproachable for many species. This is particularly true for species with multiple, broadly-distributed populations for which collecting suitable data can be challenging. A recently-developed method of multiple population viability analysis (MPVA), however, addresses many limitations...
Influences of potential oil and gas development and future climate on Sage-grouse declines and redistribution
Julie A. Heinrichs, Michael S. O’Donnell, Cameron L. Aldridge, Steven L. Garman, Collin G. Homer
2019, Ecological Applications (29)
Multiple environmental stressors impact wildlife populations, but we often know little about their cumulative and combined influences on population outcomes. We generally know more about past effects than potential future impacts, and direct influences such as changes of habitat footprints than indirect, long-term responses...
Spatial capture-recapture reveals age- and sex-specific survival and movement in stream amphibians
R. Ken Honeycutt, Justin M Garwood, Winsor H. Lowe, Blake R. Hossack
2019, Oecologia (190) 821-833
Life history information sets the foundation for our understanding of ecology and conservation requirements. For many species, this information is lacking even for basic demographic rates such as survival and movement. When survival and movement estimates are available, they are often derived from mixed demographic groups and do not consider...
