Regeneration of Metrosideros polymorpha forests in Hawaii after landscape‐level canopy dieback
Linda Mertelmeyer, James D. Jacobi, Dieter Mueller-Dombois, Kevin W. Brinck, Hans Juergen Boehmer
2019, Journal of Vegetation Science (30) 146-155
Questions(a) Have Metrosideros polymorpha trees become re‐established in Hawaiian forests previously impacted by canopy dieback in the 1970s? (b) Has canopy dieback expanded since the 1970s? (c) Can spatial patterns from this dieback be correlated with habitat factors to model future dieback in this area?<p class="article-section__sub-title...
Confronting uncertainty: Contributions of the wildlife profession to the broader scientific community
James D. Nichols
2019, Journal of Wildlife Management (83) 519-533
Most wildlife professionals are engaged in 1 or both of 2 basic endeavors: science and management. These endeavors are a focus of many other disciplines, leading to widespread sharing of general methodologies. Wildlife professionals have appropriately borrowed and assimilated many methods developed primarily in other disciplines but have also led...
Environmental DNA as a tool to help inform zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, management in inland lakes
Jon Amberg, Christopher M. Merkes, Wendylee Stott, Christopher B. Rees, Richard A. Erickson
2019, Management of Biological Invasions (10) 96-110
Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) are an aquatic invasive species that plague much of North America and are difficult to impossible to eradicate once they become established. Therefore, prevention and monitoring are key elements in the control of these organisms. Traditional microscopy is commonly used in monitoring but requires the presence...
North-south dipole in winter hydroclimate in the western United States during the last deglaciation
Adam M. Hudson, Benjamin J. Hatchett, Jay Quade, Douglas P. Boyle, Scott D. Bassett, Guleed Ali, Marie G. De los Santos
2019, Scientific Reports (9) 1-12
During the termination of the last glacial period the western U.S. experienced exceptionally wet conditions, driven by changes in location and strength of the mid-latitude winter storm track. The distribution of modern winter precipitation is frequently characterized by a north-south wet/dry dipole pattern, controlled by interaction of the storm track...
The effectiveness of non-native fish removal techniques in freshwater ecosystems: a systematic review
Trina Rytwinski, Jessica J. Taylor, Lisa A. Donaldson, J. Robert Britton, David R. Browne, Robert E. Gresswell, Mark Lintermans, Kent A. Prior, Marlow G. Pellatt, Chantal Vis, Steven J. Cooke
2019, Environmental Reviews (27) 71-94
In aquatic systems, biological invasions can result in adverse ecological effects. Management techniques available for non-native fish removal programs (including eradication and population size control) vary widely, but include chemicals, harvest regimes, physical removal, or biological control. For management agencies, deciding on what non-native fish removal program to use has...
Aquatic macroinvertebrate community responses to wetland mitigation in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
LEAH K. SWARTZ, Blake R. Hossack, Erin L. Muths, Robert L. Newell, Winsor H. Lowe
2019, Freshwater Biology (64) 942-953
1. Wetlands are critical components of freshwater biodiversity and provide ecosystem services, but human activities have resulted in large-scale loss of these habitats across the globe. To offset this loss, mitigation wetlands are frequently constructed, but their ability to replicate the functions of natural wetlands remains uncertain. Further, monitoring of...
Pesticides and pollinators: A socioecological synthesis
Douglas B. Sponsler, Christina M. Grozinger, Claudia Hitaj, Rundlof, Cristina Botias, Aimee Code, Eric V. Lonsdorf, Andony P. Melthapoulos, David J. Smith, Sainath Suryanarayanan, Wayne E. Thogmartin, Neal M. Williams, Minghua Zhang, Margaret R. Douglas
2019, Science of the Total Environment (662) 1012-1027
The relationship between pesticides and pollinators, while attracting no shortage of attention from scientists, regulators, and the public, has proven resistant to scientific synthesis and fractious in matters of policy and public opinion. This is in part because the issue has been approached in a compartmentalized and intradisciplinary way, such that...
UAV-based measurements of spatio-temporal concentration distributions of fluorescent tracers in open channel flows
Donghae Baek, Il Won Seo, Jun Song Kim, Jonathan M. Nelson
2019, Advances in Water Resources (127) 76-88
A new method of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based tracer tests using RGB (red, green, blue) images was developed in order to acquire the spatio-temporal concentration distribution of tracer clouds in open channel flows. Tracer tests using Rhodamine WT were conducted to collect the RGB images using a commercial digital camera...
Fish culling reduces tapeworm burden in Arctic charr by increasing parasite mortality rather than by reducing density‐dependent transmission
Eirik H. Henriksen, Andre Frainer, Rune Knudsen, Roar Kristoffersen, Armand M. Kuris, Kevin D. Lafferty, Per-Arne Amundsen
2019, Journal of Applied Ecology (56) 1482-1491
Two common Dibothriocephalus (formerly Diphyllobothrium) tapeworm species were significantly reduced by experimental culling of their fish host Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) in a subarctic lake.Between 1984 and 1991, funnel traps were used to cull ~35 metric tons of Arctic charr, reducing charr density by ~80%. As charr densities decreased, tapeworm prevalence and...
Scale‐dependent effects of isolation on seasonal patch colonisation by two Neotropical freshwater fishes
Jerry Penha, Karlo Y. P. Hakamada, James E. Hines, James D. Nichols
2019, Ecology of Freshwater Fish (28) 274-284
The metapopulation paradigm has been central to improve the conservation and management of natural populations. However, despite the large number of studies on metapopulation dynamics, the overall support for the relationships on which the paradigm is based has not been strong. Here, we studied the occupancy dynamics of two Neotropical...
A re-examination of the three most prominent Holocene tephra deposits in western Canada: Bridge River, Mount St. Helens Yn and Mazama
Britta J.L. Jensen, Alwynne B. Beaudoin, Michael A. Clynne, Jordan Harvey, James W. Vallance
2019, Quaternary International (500) 83-95
Volcanic ash deposits (tephra) in western Canada are instrumental in providing independent chronologic control for many archaeological and paleoenvironmental sites. In Alberta, tephra are a key chronologic tool in a region where radiocarbon dates are often unreliable because of the prevalence of carbonate-rich bedrock and...
Southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) population biology at Big Sur and Monterey, California --Investigating the consequences of resource abundance and anthropogenic stressors for sea otter recovery
M. Tim Tinker, Joseph A. Tomoleoni, Benjamin P. Weitzman, Michelle Staedler, Dave Jessup, Michael J. Murray, Melissa Miller, Tristan Burgess, Lizabeth Bowen, A. Keith Miles, Nicole Thometz, Lily Tarjan, Emily Golson, Francesca Batac, Erin Dodd, Eva Berberich, Jessica Kunz, Gena Bentall, Jessica Fujii, Teri Nicholson, Seth Newsome, Ann Melli, Nicole LaRoche, Holly MacCormick, Andy Johnson, Laird Henkel, Chris Kreuder-Johnson, Pat Conrad
2019, Open-File Report 2019-1022
The range of the southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) spans most of the central California coast from Half Moon Bay to Gaviota. Some coastal areas within this range are heavily developed and highly impacted by humans, while other areas are wild and largely pristine. Determining the relative importance of...
Snowmelt-triggered earthquake swarms at the margin of Long Valley Caldera, California
Emily K. Montgomery-Brown, David R. Shelly, Paul A. Hsieh
2019, Geophysical Research Letters (46) 3698-3705
Fluids are well known to influence earthquakes, yet rarely are earthquakes convincingly linked to precipitation. Weak modulation or limited data often leads to ambiguous interpretations. In contrast, here we find that shallow seismicity in the Sierra Nevada range near Long Valley Caldera is strongly modulated by snowmelt....
Stream metabolism increases with drainage area and peaks asynchronously across a stream network
Francine H. Mejia, Alexander K. Fremier, Joseph R. Benjamin, J. Ryan Bellmore, Adrianne Z. Grimm, Grace A. Watson, Michael Newsom
2019, Aquatic Sciences (81) 1-17
Quantifying the spatial and temporal dynamics of stream metabolism across stream networks is key to understanding carbon cycling and stream food web ecology. To better understand intra-annual temporal patterns of gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) and their variability across space, we continuously measured dissolved oxygen and modeled...
Evidence for non-steady-state carbon emissions from snow-scoured alpine tundra
John F. Knowles, Peter D. Blanken, Corey Lawrence, Mark W. Williams
2019, Nature Communications (10)
High-latitude warming is capable of accelerating permafrost degradation and the decomposition of previously frozen carbon. The existence of an analogous high-altitude feedback, however, has yet to be directly evaluated. We address this knowledge gap by coupling a radiocarbon-based model to 7 years (2008–2014) of continuous eddy covariance data from a...
A cautionary tale of topography and tilt from Kilauea Caldera
Jessica A. Johnson, Michael P. Poland, Kyle R. Anderson, Juliet Biggs
2019, Geophysical Research Letters (46) 4221-4229
We conduct finite element analysis to investigate the effect of sharp topography on surface ground deformation caused by pressure changes in a magma reservoir. Tilt data express the horizontal gradient of vertical displacement and therefore can emphasize small variations in deformation that go unnoticed using other methods. We find that...
Cryptosporidium incidence and surface water influence of groundwater supplying public water systems in Minnesota, USA
Joel P. Stokdyk, Susan K. Spencer, James F. Walsh, Jane R. de Lambert, Aaron D. Fimstahl, Anita C. Anderson, Lih-in W. Rezania, Mark A. Borchardt
2019, Environmental Science & Technology (23) 3391-3398
Regulations for public water systems (PWS) in the U.S. consider Cryptosporidium a microbial contaminant of surface water supplies. Ground- water is assumed free of Cryptosporidium unless surface water is entering supply wells. We determined the incidence of Cryptosporidium in PWS wells varying in surface water influence. Community and noncommunity PWS...
Comparison of methods to examine diet of feral horses from non-invasively collected fecal samples
Sarah R.B. King, Kathryn A. Schoenecker
2019, Rangeland Ecology and Management (72) 661-666
Feral horses (Equus ferus caballus) have become abundant on public lands in the American West, particularly over the past 10 yr. In areas where they are overabundant, there is risk of habitat degradation. Most previous studies on diet and habitat use of feral horses were conducted more than 20 yr ago; rangelands have changed considerably in...
Potential spread of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) by feral horses (Equus ferus caballus) in Western Colorado
Sarah R.B. King, Kathryn A. Schoenecker, Daniel J. Manier
2019, Rangeland Ecology and Management (72) 706-710
The invasive grass cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) presents major challenges for land management and habitat conservation in the western United States. Feral horses (Equus ferus caballus) have become overabundant in some areas of the West and can impact fragile semiarid ecosystems. Amid ongoing efforts to control cheatgrass in the Great Basin, we conducted a study...
Relative abundance and molecular evolution of Lake Sinai Virus (Sinaivirus) clades
Robert S. Cornman
2019, PeerJ (7)
Lake Sinai Viruses (Sinaivirus) are commonly detected in honey bees (Apis mellifera) but no disease phenotypes or fitness consequences have yet been demonstrated. This viral group is genetically diverse, lacks obvious geographic structure, and multiple lineages can co-infect individual bees. While phylogenetic analyses have been performed, the molecular evolution...
A supervolcano and its sidekicks: A 100 ka eruptive chronology of the Fish Canyon Tuff and associated units of the La Garita magmatic system
Leah E. Morgan, Samuel Johnstone, Amy K. Gilmer, Michael A. Cosca, Ren A. Thompson
2019, Geology (47) 453-456
Establishing temporal constrains on major volcanic eruptions is limited by the precision of existing geochronometers. Prior work on the La Garita caldera, created by the eruption of the Fish Canyon Tuff, failed to resolve temporal differences between pre-, syn-, and post-collapse eruptive units. Here, we report 40Ar/39Ar geochronologic data supporting...
Validating the performance of occupancy models for estimating habitat use and predicting the distribution of highly-mobile species: A case study using the American black bear
Matthew J. Gould, William R. Gould, James W. Cain III, Gary W. Roemer
2019, Biological Conservation (234) 28-36
Occupancy models have become a valuable tool for estimating wildlife-habitat relationships and for predicting species distributions. Highly-mobile species often violate the assumption that sampling units are geographically closed shifting the probability of occupancy to be interpreted as the probability of use. We used occupancy models, in conjunction with noninvasive sampling,...
Hydraulic conductivity estimates from slug tests in the Big Sioux aquifer near Sioux Falls, South Dakota
William G. Eldridge, Colton J. Medler
2019, Scientific Investigations Report 2019-5013
Hydraulic conductivity estimates were made for 15 observation wells using slug-out (rising-head) tests in the Big Sioux aquifer near Sioux Falls, South Dakota, as part of a cooperative study with the City of Sioux Falls to characterize the hydrogeology and the extent of the Big Sioux aquifer north of the...
Extreme reduction in nutritional value of a key forage fish during the Pacific marine heatwave of 2014–2016
Vanessa R. von Biela, Mayumi L. Arimitsu, John F. Piatt, Brielle Heflin, Sarah K. Schoen, Jannelle Trowbridge, Chelsea Clawson
2019, Marine Ecology Progress Series (613) 171-182
Pacific sand lance Ammodytes personatus are a key forage fish in the North Pacific for many species of salmon, groundfish, seabirds, and marine mammals and have historically been important to predators in relatively warm years. However, extreme declines in the nutritional value of sand lance in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA,...
Quantitative coseismic and precipitation-induced landslide risk mapping for the country of Lebanon
William Pollock, Joseph Wartman, Grace Abou-Jaoude, Alex R. Grant
2019, Conference Paper, Geo-Congress 2019
Quantitative landslide risk assessment is a key step in creating appropriate land use policies. The forced migration of those displaced by recent events in Syria has highlighted the need for studies to guide humanitarian aid and resettlement policies. In 2011, armed...
