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A flood-plain forest has been preserved beneath a lava flow that invaded the Inmachuk River Valley in the northern part of the Seward Peninsula, Alaska, during the Pliocene Epoch. The fossil flora is of great biogeographic interest because of its position (Fig. 1)...

The effect of power plant cooling water in raising natural water temperatures at a location near the power plant on the Patuxent River estuary is clearly evident from thermograph records. Surface temperature at a station 333 m (1,000 ft) downstream from the discharge canal was raised an average of about...

The 1969 spring floods in upper Midwestern United States can be attributed primarily to an exceptionally heavy blanket of snow which accumulated during the period December 1968 through February 1969. March precipitation was light, but at the end of the month water content of snow on the ground was as...

Urbanization and changes in regional development in Racine and Kenosha Counties are increasing the need for water-resources information useful for planning and management. The area is fortunate in having abundant supplies of generally good quality water available for present and projected future needs. Lake Michigan and ground-water reservoirs have great...

Data on flood stages, discharges, and frequency are used in the design of bridges and other structures and the conduct of various operations on the flood plains of streams. This report provides these data in the form of flood-peak records, gaging-station records, frequency curves, and flood profiles. Information is provided...

During a 3-day period from March 17 to 19, 1968, a total of 3 to 7 inches of rain fell on parts of eastern Massachusetts. This heavy rainfall, combined with the generally wet antecedent conditions of the spring season and some runoff from snowmelt, caused considerable flooding of the rivers...

The Cross-Florida Barge Canal route commences at Palatka on the St. Johns River, about 75 miles upstream from the Atlantic Ocean, and extends 110 miles southwestward across Peninsular Florida into deep water in the Gulf of Mexico near Yankeetown. The canal will be equipped with five locks, each 600 feet...

Hurricane Camille became a tropical depression and soaked central Virginia with up to 28 inches of rain during the night of August 19th and morning of the 20th. The rains, flash floods, and rain-induced landslides accompanying the storm's passage have been called the worst natural disaster ever to strike Virginia.Discharge...

Granitic gneisses in the vicinities of Morton and Montevideo in the Minnesota River Valley are dated at 3550 m.y. ago and are the oldest rocks so far found in North America. The gneisses were altered in varying degree by younger events of which two have been dated at 2650 m.y....

This paper provides background information on the effect of tide waves upon the movement of water in the Hudson River estuary. Computations based on records from three continuous stage recorders and current-meter discharge measurements made throughout a tidal cycle show that peak discharge rates in the...

It is difficult to evaluate the factors contributing to aesthetic or nonmonetary aspects of a landscape. In contrast, aspects which lend themselves to cost-benefit comparisons are now treated in a routine way. As a result, nonmonetary values are described either in emotion-loaded words or else are mentioned and thence forgotten.The...

A systematic study was made of one of Ohio's principal aquifers, a sand and gravel outwash in the Scioto River Valley, to determine the feasibility of developing a ground-water supply of 20 million gallons per day at a site near Piketon. The first part of the study was spent in...

THE peninsular shield of India has long been regarded as a stable region. The area had not been subject to orogenic deformation since the Pre-Cambrian, although a vast area (5 × 105 square km) was flooded by basalts during Late Cretaceous to the Eocene—the Deccan Trap. Several...

Water-discharge, velocity, and slope variations for a 3.7-mile-Iong tidal reach of the Willamette River at Portland, Oreg., were defined from discharge measurements and river stage data collected between July 1962 and January 1965. Observed water discharge during tide-affected flows, during floods, and during backwater from the Columbia River and recorded...

Selected published estimates of the discharge of Amazon River in the vicinity of Obidos and the mouth are presented to show the great variance of available information. The most reasonable estimates prepared by those who measured some parameters of the flow were studied by Maurice Parde, who concluded that the...

This study evaluates the adequacy of a reach of the Merced River between Merced Falls and the confluence with the San Joaquin River to carry flood releases from New Exchequer and McSwain Dams and Reservoirs. The flood release from these reservoirs is to be restricted so that flows will not...

Analysis of ground- and surface-water relationships suggests that increasing the capacity of the American Falls Reservoir by raising the height of the dam 15 feet would increase leakage from the reservoir by less than 0.2 percent of the average inflow to the reservoir, or less than 10,000 acre feet per year. This amount is...

The Alaska earthquake of March 27, 1964, had widespread hydrologic effects throughout practically all of the United States. More than 1,450 water-level recorders, scattered throughout all the 50 States except Connecticut, Delaware, and Rhode Island, registered the earthquake. Half of the water-level records were obtained from ground-water observation wells and...

This report has been prepared at the request of the Kansas Water Resources Board under provisions of a cooperative agreement with the U.S. Geological Survey dated July 1, 1966, for water-resources investigations. The Kansas Water Resources Board has been advised of a recent serious degradation of the low-water channel of...

Local concentrations of population in the Swatara Creek basin of Pennsylvania find it necessary to store, transport, and treat water because local supplies are either deficient or have been contaminated by disposal of wastes in upstream areas. Water in the basin is available for the deficient areas and for dilution...

Graphs and tables obtained from continuous records of surface-water temperature from five stations for the period july 1963 through December 1965 and of surface, salinity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, tide-stage, wind data and bottom temperature from a single station are presented herein. Effects of powerplant cooling water on water temperature were...

The earthquake of March 27, 1964, greatly affected the hydrology of Alaska and many other parts of the world. Its far-reaching effects were recorded as water-level fluctuations in gages operated on water wells and streams. The close-in effects were even more striking, however; sediment-laden ground water erupted at the surface,...

Highway engineers and many others use flood stages and discharges in the design of bridges and other structures or operations on the flood plain of a stream. These data are provided in the form of gaging-station and other flood records and as flood profiles. Flood-frequency data are used to compute...

The Mammoth Cave National Park in central Kentucky offers a unique opportunity to study the occurrence of ground water in limestone under natural conditions. Ground water occurs as perched and semiperched bodies in alternate sandstone, shale, and limestone formations and under water-table conditions at the approximate level of the Green...

The Cupsuptic quadrangle, in west-central Maine, lies in a relatively narrow belt of pre-Silurian rocks extending from the Connecticut River valley across northern New Hampshire to north-central Maine. The Albee Formation, composed of green, purple, and black phyllite with interbedded-quartzite, is exposed in the core of a regional anticlinorium overlain...