An estimate of the historic population size of adult pallid sturgeon in the upper Missouri river basin, Montana and North Dakota
P.J. Braaten, D.B. Fuller, R.D. Lott, G.R. Jordan
2009, Conference Paper, Journal of Applied Ichthyology
Juvenile pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus raised in hatcheries and stocked in the wild are used to augment critically imperiled populations of this federally endangered species in the United States. For pallid sturgeon in recovery priority management area 2 (RPMA 2) of the Missouri River and lower Yellowstone River where natural...
Moderate rates of late Quaternary slip along the northwestern margin of the Basin and Range Province, Surprise Valley fault, northeastern California
Stephen F. Personius, Anthony J. Crone, Michael N. Machette, Shannon Mahan, David J. Lidke
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (114)
The 86-km-long Surprise Valley normal fault forms part of the active northwestern margin of the Basin and Range province in northeastern California. We use trench mapping and radiocarbon, luminescence, and tephra dating to estimate displacements and timing of the past five surface-rupturing earthquakes on the central part of the fault...
The results of nocturnal visual surveys are influenced by lamp properties
B. Lardner, J. A. Savidge, G.H. Rodda, R.N. Reed, A.A.Y. Adams
2009, Applied Herpetology (6) 391-396
We conducted standardized visual searches at night for brown treesnakes (Boiga irregularis) and geckos, where we alternated between spotlight and floodlight lamps. Floodlights rendered us 25% more snakes and 71% more geckos than did spotlights. We show data on searcher variability and discuss what might affect the relative benefit of...
Joint inversion for Vp, Vs, and Vp/Vs at SAFOD, Parkfield, California
H. Zhang, C. Thurber, P. Bedrosian
2009, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems (10)
We refined the three-dimensional (3-D) Vp, Vs and Vp/Vs models around the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) site using a new double-difference (DD) seismic tomography code (tomoDDPS) that simultaneously solves for earthquake locations and all three velocity models using both absolute and differential P, S, and S-P times....
Distribution of melt beneath Mount St Helens and Mount Adams inferred from magnetotelluric data
G.J. Hill, T.G. Caldwell, W. Heise, D.G. Chertkoff, H.M. Bibby, M.K. Burgess, J.P. Cull, Ray A.F. Cas
2009, Nature Geoscience (2) 785-789
Three prominent volcanoes that form part of the Cascade mountain range in Washington State (USA)Mounts StHelens, Adams and Rainierare located on the margins of a mid-crustal zone of high electrical conductivity1,5. Interconnected melt can increase the bulk conductivity of the region containing the melt6,7, which leads us to propose that...
A method to assess longitudinal riverine connectivity in tropical streams dominated by migratory biota
K.E. Crook, C. M. Pringle, Mary C. Freeman
2009, Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems (19) 714-723
1. One way in which dams affect ecosystem function is by altering the distribution and abundance of aquatic species. 2. Previous studies indicate that migratory shrimps have significant effects on ecosystem processes in Puerto Rican streams, but are vulnerable to impediments to upstream or downstream passage, such as dams and...
Near term climate projections for invasive species distributions
C. S. Jarnevich, T.J. Stohlgren
2009, Biological Invasions (11) 1373-1379
Climate change and invasive species pose important conservation issues separately, and should be examined together. We used existing long term climate datasets for the US to project potential climate change into the future at a finer spatial and temporal resolution than the climate change scenarios generally available. These fine scale...
Sources and transformations of nitrate from streams draining varying land uses: Evidence from dual isotope analysis
Douglas A. Burns, E.W. Boyer, E.M. Elliott, C. Kendall
2009, Journal of Environmental Quality (38) 1149-1159
Knowledge of key sources and biogeochemical processes that affect the transport of nitrate (NO3-) in streams can inform watershed management strategies for controlling downstream eutrophication. We applied dual isotope analysis of NO3- to determine the dominant sources and processes that affect NO3- concentrations in six stream/river watersheds of different land...
Strontium isotope record of seasonal scale variations in sediment sources and accumulation in low-energy, subtidal areas of the lower Hudson River estuary
J.P. Smith, T.D. Bullen, D.J. Brabander, C.R. Olsen
2009, Chemical Geology (264) 375-384
Strontium isotope (87Sr/86Sr) profiles in sediment cores collected from two subtidal harbor slips in the lower Hudson River estuary in October 2001 exhibit regular patterns of variability with depth. Using additional evidence from sediment Ca/Sr ratios, 137Cs activity and Al, carbonate (CaCO3), and organic carbon (OCsed) concentration profiles, it can...
Fate of sulfamethoxazole, 4-nonylphenol, and 17β-estradiol in groundwater contaminated by wastewater treatment plant effluent
Larry B. Barber, Steffanie H. Keefe, Denis R. LeBlanc, Paul M. Bradley, Francis H. Chapelle, Michael T. Meyer, Keith A. Loftin, Dana W. Koplin, Fernando Rubio
2009, Environmental Science & Technology (43) 4843-4850
Organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs) were measured in samples collected from monitoring wells located along a 4.5-km transect of a plume of groundwater contaminated by 60 years of continuous rapid infiltration disposal of wastewater treatment plant effluent. Fifteen percent of the 212 OWCs analyzed were detected, including the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SX),...
On selecting a prior for the precision parameter of Dirichlet process mixture models
R.M. Dorazio
2009, Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference (139) 3384-3390
In hierarchical mixture models the Dirichlet process is used to specify latent patterns of heterogeneity, particularly when the distribution of latent parameters is thought to be clustered (multimodal). The parameters of a Dirichlet process include a precision parameter ?? and a base probability measure G0. In problems where ?? is...
Absolute stellar photometry on moderate-resolution FPA images
T.C. Stone
2009, Metrologia (46)
An extensive database of star (and Moon) images has been collected by the ground-based RObotic Lunar Observatory (ROLO) as part of the US Geological Survey program for lunar calibration. The stellar data are used to derive nightly atmospheric corrections for the observations from extinction measurements, and absolute calibration of the...
Process recognition in multi-element soil and stream-sediment geochemical data
E.C. Grunsky, L.J. Drew, D. M. Sutphin
2009, Applied Geochemistry (24) 1602-1616
Stream-sediment and soil geochemical data from the Upper and Lower Coastal Plains of South Carolina (USA) were studied to determine relationships between soils and stream sediments. From multi-element associations, characteristic compositions were determined for both media. Primary associations of elements reflect mineralogy, including heavy minerals, carbonates and clays, and the...
Evaluation of irrigation canal networks to assess stream connectivity in a watershed
M.E. Colvin, C.M. Moffitt
2009, River Research and Applications (25) 486-496
We used digital data sets, aerial photos and direct field observations in a geographical information system to evaluate the stream habitat in an Idaho watershed affected by agriculture. We found that the scale of the digital data sets affected the outcome of the assessment due to the presence of dewatered...
Environmental influences on speleothem growth in southwestern Oregon during the last 380, 000 years
Vasile Ersek, Steven W. Hostetler, Hai Cheng, Peter U. Clark, Faron S. Anslow, Alan C. Mix, R. Lawrence Edwards
2009, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (279) 316-325
The growth of carbonate formations in caves (speleothems) is sensitive to changes in environmental conditions at the surface (temperature, precipitation and vegetation) and can provide useful paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental information. We use 73 230Th dates from speleothems collected from a cave in southwestern Oregon (USA) to constrain speleothem growth for...
Implications for the dynamic health of a glacier from comparison of conventional and reference-surface balances
W.D. Harrison, L.H. Cox, R. Hock, R.S. March, E.C. Pettit
2009, Annals of Glaciology (50) 25-30
Conventional and reference-surface mass-balance data from Gulkana and Wolverine Glaciers, Alaska, USA, are used to address the questions of how rapidly these glaciers are adjusting (or 'responding') to climate, whether their responses are stable, and whether the glaciers are likely to survive in today's climate. Instability means that a glacier...
Climatic implications of reconstructed early - Mid Pliocene equilibrium-line altitudes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica
A.G. Krusic, M.L. Prentice, J. M. Licciardi
2009, Annals of Glaciology (50) 31-36
Early-mid Pliocene moraines in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, are more extensive than the present alpine glaciers in this region, indicating substantial climatic differences between the early-mid Pliocene and the present. To quantify this difference in the glacier-climate regime, we estimated the equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) change since the early-mid Pliocene...
Monitoring forest changes in the southwestern United States using multitemporal Landsat data
James E. Vogelmann, Brian L. Tolk, Zhiliang Zhu
2009, Remote Sensing of Environment (113) 1739-1748
Landsat time series data sets were acquired for the Santa Fe National Forest in New Mexico. This area includes the San Pedro Parks Wilderness area, which was designated as an official wilderness in 1964. Eight autumnal Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) scenes acquired from 1988 to 2006 were analyzed to determine...
Localized double-array stacking analysis of PcP: D″ and ULVZ structure beneath the Cocos plate, Mexico, central Pacific, and north Pacific
Alexander R. Hutko, Thorne Lay, Justin Revenaugh
2009, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors (173) 60-74
A large, high quality P-wave data set comprising short-period and broadband signals sampling four separate regions in the lowermost mantle beneath the Cocos plate, Mexico, the central Pacific, and the north Pacific is analyzed using regional one-dimensional double-array stacking and modelling with reflectivity synthetics. A data-screening criterion retains only events...
The source of infrasound associated with long-period events at mount St. Helens
R.S. Matoza, M.A. Garces, B. A. Chouet, L. D’Auria, M.A.H. Hedlin, C. De Groot-Hedlin, G.P. Waite
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (114)
During the early stages of the 2004-2008 Mount St. Helens eruption, the source process that produced a sustained sequence of repetitive long-period (LP) seismic events also produced impulsive broadband infrasonic signals in the atmosphere. To assess whether the signals could be generated simply by seismic-acoustic coupling from the shallow LP...
Reflectance spectroscopy of organic compounds: 1. Alkanes
R. N. Clark, J. M. Curchin, T.M. Hoefen, G.A. Swayze
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (114)
Reflectance spectra of the organic compounds comprising the alkane series are presented from the ultraviolet to midinfrared, 0.35 to 15.5 /??m. Alkanes are hydrocarbon molecules containing only single carbon-carbon bonds, and are found naturally on the Earth and in the atmospheres of the giant planets and Saturn's moon, Titan. This...
Geochemistry and petrology of selected coal samples from Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua, Indonesia
H. E. Belkin, S.J. Tewalt, J.C. Hower, J.D. Stucker, J.M.K. O’Keefe
2009, International Journal of Coal Geology (77) 260-268
Indonesia has become the world's largest exporter of thermal coal and is a major supplier to the Asian coal market, particularly as the People's Republic of China is now (2007) and perhaps may remain a net importer of coal. Indonesia has had a long history of coal production, mainly in...
Methods for assessing movement path recursion with application to African buffalo in South Africa
S. Bar-David, I. Bar-David, P.C. Cross, S.J. Ryan, C.U. Knechtel, W.M. Getz
2009, Ecology (90) 2467-2479
Recent developments of automated methods for monitoring animal movement, e.g., global positioning systems (GPS) technology, yield high-resolution spatiotemporal data. To gain insights into the processes creating movement patterns, we present two new techniques for extracting information from these data on repeated visits to a particular site or patch ("recursions"). Identification...
Impact of a permanent El Niño (El Padre) and Indian Ocean Dipole in warm Pliocene climates
Sonali P. Shukla, Mark A. Chandler, Jeff Jonas, Linda E. Sohl, Ken Mankoff, Harry J. Dowsett
2009, Paleoceanography (24)
Pliocene sea surface temperature data, as well as terrestrial precipitation and temperature proxies, indicate warmer than modern conditions in the eastern equatorial Pacific and imply permanent El Niño–like conditions with impacts similar to those of the 1997/1998 El Niño event. Here we use a general circulation model to examine the...
Acoustic estimates of abundance and distribution of spawning lake trout on Sheboygan Reef in Lake Michigan
D.M. Warner, R.M. Claramunt, J. Janssen, D.J. Jude, N. Wattrus
2009, Journal of Great Lakes Research (35) 147-153
Efforts to restore self-sustaining lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) populations in the Laurentian Great Lakes have had widespread success in Lake Superior; but in other Great Lakes, populations of lake trout are maintained by stocking. Recruitment bottlenecks may be present at a number of stages of the reproduction process. To study...
