Disease, predation and demography: Assessing the impacts of bovine tuberculosis on African buffalo by monitoring at individual and population levels
P.C. Cross, D.M. Heisey, J.A. Bowers, C.T. Hay, J. Wolhuter, P. Buss, M. Hofmeyr, A.L. Michel, Roy G. Bengis, T.L.F. Bird, Johan T. du Toit, W.M. Getz
2009, Journal of Applied Ecology (46) 467-475
SummaryUnderstanding the effects of disease is critical to determining appropriate management responses, but estimating those effects in wildlife species is challenging. We used bovine tuberculosis (BTB) in the African buffalo Syncerus caffer population of Kruger National Park, South Africa, as a case study to highlight the issues associated with estimating...
Hurricane frequency and landfall distribution for coastal wetlands of the Gulf coast, USA
T.W. Doyle
2009, Wetlands (29) 35-43
The regularity and severity of tropical storms are major determinants controlling ecosystem structure and succession for coastal ecosystems. Hurricane landfall rates vary greatly with high and low frequency for given coastal stretches of the southeastern United States. Site-specific meteorological data of hurricane wind speeds and direction, however, are only available...
Effects of chemical immobilization on survival of African buffalo in the Kruger National Park
W.C. Oosthuizen, P.C. Cross, J.A. Bowers, C. Hay, M.R. Ebinger, P. Buss, M. Hofmeyr, E.Z. Cameron
2009, Journal of Wildlife Management (73) 149-153
Capturing, immobilizing, and fitting radiocollars are common practices in studies of large mammals, but success is based on the assumptions that captured animals are representative of the rest of the population and that the capture procedure has negligible effects. We estimated effects of chemical immobilization on mortality rates of African...
The speciation of aqueous zinc(II) bromide solutions to 500 °C and 900 MPa determined using Raman spectroscopy
Kenji Mibe, I-Ming Chou, Alan J. Anderson, Robert A. Mayanovic, William A. Bassett
2009, Chemical Geology (259) 48-53
A Raman spectral study was carried out on 3 solutions of varying concentration and bromide/zinc ratios. Spectra were collected at 11 different temperature-pressure conditions ranging from ambient to 500????C-0.9??GPa. Raman band assignments for zinc(II) bromide species reported in previous studies were used to determine the relative concentrations of ZnBr42-, ZnBr3-,...
Characterization of Mars' seasonal caps using neutron spectroscopy
T.H. Prettyman, W. C. Feldman, T.N. Titus
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (114)
Mars' seasonal caps are characterized during Mars years 26 and 27 (April 2002 to January 2006) using data acquired by the 2001 Mars Odyssey Neutron Spectrometer. Time-dependent maps of the column abundance of seasonal CO 2 surface ice poleward of 60?? latitude in both hemispheres are determined from spatially deconvolved,...
Water quality analysis of groundwater in crystalline basement rocks, Northern Ghana
Y.S. Anku, B. Banoeng-Yakubo, D.K. Asiedu, S.M. Yidana
2009, Environmental Geology (58) 989-997
Hydrochemical data are presented for groundwater samples, collected from fractured aquifers in parts of northern Ghana. The data was collected to assess the groundwater suitability for domestic and agricultural use. Results of the study reveal that the pH of the groundwater in the area is slightly acidic to slightly alkaline....
Tidal and flood signatures of settling particles in the Gaoping submarine canyon (SW Taiwan) revealed from radionuclide and flow measurements
C.-A. Huh, J.T. Liu, H.-L. Lin, J. P. Xu
2009, Marine Geology (267) 8-17
Sediment transport and sedimentation processes in the Gaoping submarine canyon were studied using sediment trap and current meter moorings deployed at a location during the winter (January-March) and the summer (July-September) months in 2008. At the end of each deployment, sediment cores were also collected from the canyon floor at...
Calibration of an estuarine sediment transport model to sediment fluxes as an intermediate step for simulation of geomorphic evolution
N. K. Ganju, D. H. Schoellhamer
2009, Continental Shelf Research (29) 148-158
Modeling geomorphic evolution in estuaries is necessary to model the fate of legacy contaminants in the bed sediment and the effect of climate change, watershed alterations, sea level rise, construction projects, and restoration efforts. Coupled hydrodynamic and sediment transport models used for this purpose typically are calibrated to water level,...
The Moon mineralogy mapper (M3) on Chandrayaan-1
C.M. Pieters, J. Boardman, B. Buratti, A. Chatterjee, R. Clark, T. Glavich, R. Green, J. Head, P. Isaacson, E. Malaret, T. McCord, J. Mustard, N. Petro, C. Runyon, M. Staid, J. Sunshine, L. Taylor, S. Tompkins, P. Varanasi, M. White
2009, Current Science (96) 500-505
The Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) is a NASA-supported guest instrument on ISRO's remote sensing mission to Moon, Chandrayaan-1. The M3 is an imaging spectrometer that operates from the visible into the near-infrared (0.42-3.0 ??m) where highly diagnostic mineral absorption bands occur. Over the course of the mission M3 will provide...
Predicting the biological condition of streams: Use of geospatial indicators of natural and anthropogenic characteristics of watersheds
D.M. Carlisle, J. Falcone, M. R. Meador
2009, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (151) 143-160
We developed and evaluated empirical models to predict biological condition of wadeable streams in a large portion of the eastern USA, with the ultimate goal of prediction for unsampled basins. Previous work had classified (i.e., altered vs. unaltered) the biological condition of 920 streams based on a biological assessment of...
Modeling misidentification errors in capture-recapture studies using photographic identification of evolving marks
J. Yoshizaki, K. H. Pollock, C. Brownie, R.A. Webster
2009, Ecology (90) 3-9
Misidentification of animals is potentially important when naturally existing features (natural tags) are used to identify individual animals in a capture-recapture study. Photographic identification (photoID) typically uses photographic images of animals' naturally existing features as tags (photographic tags) and is subject to two main causes of identification errors: those related...
Geotechnical properties of cemented sands in steep slopes
B.D. Collins, N. Sitar
2009, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering (135) 1359-1366
An investigation into the geotechnical properties specific to assessing the stability of weakly and moderately cemented sand cliffs is presented. A case study from eroding coastal cliffs located in central California provides both the data and impetus for this study. Herein, weakly cemented sand is defined as having an unconfined...
Quantifying periglacial erosion: Insights on a glacial sediment budget, Matanuska Glacier, Alaska
C. R. O’Farrell, A.M. Heimsath, D. E. Lawson, L.M. Jorgensen, E.B. Evenson, G. Larson, J. Denner
2009, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (34) 2008-2022
Glacial erosion rates are estimated to be among the highest in the world. Few studies have attempted, however, to quantify the flux of sediment from the periglacial landscape to a glacier. Here, erosion rates from the nonglacial landscape above the Matanuska Glacier, Alaska are presented and compare with an 8-yr...
Slip maxima at fault junctions and rupturing of barriers during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
Z.-K. Shen, Jielun Sun, P. Zhang, Y. Wan, M. Wang, R. Burgmann, Y. Zeng, Weijun Gan, H. Liao, Q. Wang
2009, Nature Geoscience (2) 718-724
The disastrous 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China took the local population as well as scientists by surprise. Although the Longmen Shan fault zonewhich includes the fault segments along which this earthquake nucleatedwas well known, geologic and geodetic data indicate relatively low (<3 mm yr -1) deformation rates. Here...
Diets of aquatic birds reflect changes in the Lake Huron ecosystem
Craig E. Hebert, D.V. Chip Weseloh, Abode Idrissi, Michael T. Arts, Edward F. Roseman
2009, Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management (12) 37-44
Human activities have affected the Lake Huron ecosystem, in part, through alterations in the structure and function of its food webs. Insights into the nature of food web change and its ecological ramifications can be obtained through the monitoring of high trophic level predators such as aquatic birds. Often, food...
Titan's surface at 2.2-cm wavelength imaged by the Cassini RADAR radiometer: Calibration and first results
M.A. Janssen, R. D. Lorenz, R. West, F. Paganelli, R.M. Lopes, R. L. Kirk, C. Elachi, S. D. Wall, W.T.K. Johnson, Y. Anderson, R.A. Boehmer, P. Callahan, Y. Gim, G.A. Hamilton, K.D. Kelleher, L. Roth, B. Stiles, Gall A. Le
2009, Icarus (200) 222-239
The first comprehensive calibration and mapping of the thermal microwave emission from Titan's surface is reported based on radiometric data obtained at 2.2-cm wavelength by the passive radiometer included in the Cassini Radar instrument. The data reported were accumulated from 69 separate observational segments in Titan passes from Ta (October...
Genetic diversity among brazilian isolates of beauveria bassiana: comparisons with non-brazilian isolates and other beauveria species
E.K.K. Fernandes, A.M.L. Moraes, R.S. Pacheco, D.E.N. Rangel, M.P. Miller, V.R.E.P. Bittencourt, D.W. Roberts
2009, Journal of Applied Microbiology (107) 760-774
Aims: The genetic diversity of Beauveria bassiana was investigated by comparing isolates of this species to each other (49 from different geographical regions of Brazil and 4 from USA) and to other Beauveria spp. Methods and Results: The isolates were examined by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE), amplified fragment length polymorphism...
Case study of a full-scale evapotranspiration cover
Patrick E. McGuire, Brian J. Andraski, Ryan E. Archibald
2009, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering (135) 316-332
The design, construction, and performance analyses of a 6.1ha evapotranspiration (ET) landfill cover at the semiarid U.S. Army Fort Carson site, near Colorado Springs, Colo. are presented. Initial water-balance model simulations, using literature reported soil hydraulic data, aided selection of borrow-source soil type(s) that resulted in predictions...
Investigation of uptake and retention of atmospheric Hg(II) by boreal forest plants using stable Hg isotopes
J.A. Graydon, Louis, H. Hintelmann, S.E. Lindberg, K.A. Sandilands, J.W.M. Rudd, C.A. Kelly, M.T. Tate, D. P. Krabbenhoft, I. Lehnherr
2009, Environmental Science & Technology (43) 4960-4966
Although there is now a general consensus among mercury (Hg) biogeochemists that increased atmospheric inputs of inorganic Hg(II) to lakes and watersheds can result in increased methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in fish, researchers still lack kinetic data describing the movement of Hg from the atmosphere, through watershed and lake ecosystems, and...
Seabird nest counts: A test of monitoring metrics using Red-tailed Tropicbirds
N.E. Seavy, M.H. Reynolds
2009, Journal of Field Ornithology (80) 297-302
Counts of nesting birds are often used to monitor the abundance of breeding pairs at colonies. Mean incubation counts (MICs) are counts of nests with eggs at intervals that correspond to the mean incubation period of a species. The sum of all counts during the nesting season (MICtotal) and the...
Plants and ventifacts delineate late Holocene wind vectors in the Coachella Valley, USA
Peter G. Griffiths, R. H. Webb, M. Fisher, Allan Muth
2009, Aeolian Research (1) 63-73
Strong westerly winds that emanate from San Gorgonio Pass, the lowest point between Palm Springs and Los Angeles, California, dominate aeolian transport in the Coachella Valley of the western Sonoran Desert. These winds deposit sand in coppice dunes that are critical habitat for several species,...
Methods for assessing movement path recursion with application to African buffalo in South Africa
S. Bar-David, I. Bar-David, P.C. Cross, S.J. Ryan, C.U. Knechtel, W.M. Getz
2009, Ecology (90) 2467-2479
Recent developments of automated methods for monitoring animal movement, e.g., global positioning systems (GPS) technology, yield high-resolution spatiotemporal data. To gain insights into the processes creating movement patterns, we present two new techniques for extracting information from these data on repeated visits to a particular site or patch ("recursions"). Identification...
Remote monitoring of tamarisk defoliation and evapotranspiration following saltcedar leaf beetle attack
P.E. Dennison, P.L. Nagler, K. R. Hultine, E. P. Glenn, J.R. Ehleringer
2009, Remote Sensing of Environment (113) 1462-1472
Tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) has invaded riparian ecosystems throughout the Western United States, including significant portions of riparian ecosystems within U.S. National Parks and Monuments. Recently, the saltcedar leaf beetle (Diorhabda elongata) was released as a tamarisk biocontrol agent. Although initial releases have been monitored, no comprehensive program is currently in...
Spatial fuel data products of the LANDFIRE Project
M.C. Reeves, K.C. Ryan, M.G. Rollins, T.G. Thompson
2009, International Journal of Wildland Fire (18) 250-267
The Landscape Fire and Resource Management Planning Tools (LANDFIRE) Project is mapping wildland fuels, vegetation, and fire regime characteristics across the United States. The LANDFIRE project is unique because of its national scope, creating an integrated product suite at 30-m spatial resolution and complete spatial coverage of all lands within...
Channel, floodplain, and wetland responses to floods and overbank sedimentation, 1846-2006, Halfway Creek Marsh, Upper Mississippi Valley, Wisconsin
F. A. Fitzpatrick, J.C. Knox, J. P. Schubauer-Berigan
2009, Special Paper of the Geological Society of America 23-42
Conversion of upland forest and prairie vegetation to agricultural land uses, following Euro-American settlement in the Upper Mississippi River System, led to accelerated runoff and soil erosion that subsequently transformed channels, floodplains, and wetlands on bottomlands. Halfway Creek Marsh, at the junction of Halfway Creek and the Mississippi River on...
