Survival and passage of ingested New Zealand mudsnails through the intestinal tract of rainbow trout
R. Louise Bruce, Christine M. Moffitt, Brian Dennis
2009, North American Journal of Aquaculture (71) 287-301
We conducted laboratory trials to determine the transit time and survival of New Zealand mudsnails Potamopyrgus antipodarum in the gastrointestinal tract of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. To assess the rate of snail passage, we force-fed groups of fish a known quantity of snails and then held them in tanks. At...
IPANE: Could New England's Early Detection Network benefit eastern Canada?
Les Mehrhoff, Randy G. Westbrooks
2009, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the Weeds Across Borders 2008 Conference
The Invasive Plant Analysis of New England (IPANE: ipane.org) is a multifaceted approach to regional early detection of invasive plants. IPANE, was founded in 2001 to create a comprehensive six state New England regional partnership to: minimize the ecological damage caused by invasive plants; provide reliable and accessible educational material;...
Inorganic chemical composition and chemical reactivity of settled dust generated by the World Trade Center building collapse
Geoffrey S. Plumlee, Philip L. Hageman, Paul J. Lamothe, Thomas L. Ziegler, Gregory P. Meeker, Peter M. Theodorakos, Isabelle Brownfield, Monique G. Adams, Gregg A. Swayze, Todd M. Hoefen, Joseph E. Taggart, Roger N. Clark, S. Wilson, Stephen J. Sutley
2009, Book chapter, Urban aerosols and their impacts
Samples of dust deposited around lower Manhattan by the September 11, 2001, World Trade Center (WTC) collapse have inorganic chemical compositions that result in part from the variable chemical contributions of concrete, gypsum wallboard, glass fibers, window glass, and other materials contained in the buildings. The dust deposits were also...
Three cups of tea: building collaborations to assess earthquake hazard in Pakistan: modern methods in seismic hazard assessment; Nagarkot, Nepal, 8-12 June 2009
Susan E. Hough, Alan K. Yong
2009, Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union (90) 457-457
No abstract available...
Earth's magnetic field complex: U.S. National activities during the Decade of Geopotential Field Research
Michael E. Purucker, T. Sabaka, W. Kuang, S. Maus, Jeffrey J. Love
2009, Conference Paper, ESA 2nd Swarm Int. Sci. Meeting
The US geomagnetism community is supported by NASA, NOAA, USGS, NSF, DOD, and US universities. During the Decade of Geopotential Field Research, inaugurated in 1999 with the launch of the Danish satellite Ørsted on a US rocket, the US community has been involved in satellite mission development and analysis, instrument...
Approaches to modeling weathered regolith
Susan L. Brantley, Arthur F. White
2009, Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry (70) 435-484
Sustainable soils are a requirement for maintaining human civilizations (Carter and Dale 1974; Lal 1989). However, as the “most complicated biomaterial on the planet” (Young and Crawford 2004), soils represent...
Maintaining population persistence in the face of an extremely altered hydrograph: implications for three sensitive fishes in a tributary of the Green River, Utah
Jared L. Bottcher
2009, Thesis
The ability of an organism to disperse to suitable habitats, especially in modified and fragmented systems, determines individual fitness and overall population viability. The bluehead sucker (Catostomus discobolus), flannelmouth sucker (Catostomus latipinnis), and roundtail chub (Gila robusta) are three species native to the upper Colorado River Basin that now occupy...
Experimental geostatistical model of a continuous gas accumulation, Rocky Mountains, Utah
Ricardo A. Olea
2009, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the 2009 conference of the International Association for Mathematical Geosciences
No abstract available....
Investigation of river eutrophication as part of a low dissolved oxygen total maximum daily load implementation
W. Stringfellow, Gary Litton, Sharon Borglin, James R. Hanlon, C. Chen, J. Graham, Remie Burks, Randy A. Dahlgren, Carol Kendall, R. Brown, Nigel Quinn
2009, Water Science and Technology (59) 9-14
In the United States, environmentally impaired rivers are subject to regulation under total maximum daily load (TMDL) regulations that specify watershed wide water quality standards. In California, the setting of TMDL standards is accompanied by the development of scientific and management plans directed at achieving specific water quality objectives. The...
Dietary segregation of pelagic and littoral fish assemblages in a highly modified tidal freshwater estuary
Lenny Grimaldo, A. Robin Stewart, Wim Kimmerer
2009, Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science (1) 200-217
Estuarine food webs are highly variable and complex, making identification of their trophic pathways difficult. Energy for the food web of the San Francisco Estuary is thought to be based largely on in situ phytoplankton production, but little attention has been paid to littoral habitats, where other...
A comparison of phase inversion and traveltime tomography for processing near-surface refraction traveltimes
Karl J. Ellefsen
2009, Geophysical Journal (74) WCB11-WCB24
With phase inversion, one can estimate subsurface velocities using the phases of first-arriving waves, which are the frequency-domain equivalents of the traveltimes. Phase inversion is modified to make it suitable for processing traveltimes from near-surface refraction surveys. The modifications include parameterizing the model, correcting the observed phases, and selecting the...
Understanding differences between DELFT3D and empirical predictions of alongshore sediment transport gradients
Jeffrey H. List, Lindino Benedet, Daniel M. Hanes, Peter Ruggiero
2009, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the 31st International Conference, Coastal Engineering 2008
Predictions of alongshore transport gradients are critical for forecasting shoreline change. At the previous ICCE conference, it was demonstrated that alongshore transport gradients predicted by the empirical CERC equation can differ substantially from predictions made by the hydrodynamics-based model Delft3D in the case of a simulated borrow pit on the...
Otters, Marine
James A. Estes, James L. Bodkin, M. Ben-David
William F. Perrin, Bernd Wursing, J.G.M. Thewissen, editor(s)
2009, Book chapter, Encyclopedia of marine mammals (second edition)
The otters (Mustelidae; Lutrinae) provide an exceptional perspective into the evolution of marine living by mammals. Most extant marine mammals (e.g. the cetaceans, pinnipeds, and sirenians) have been so highly modified by long periods of selection for life in the sea that they bear little resemblance to their terrestrial ancestors....
Dust emission at Franklin Lake Playa, Mojave Desert (USA): Response to meteorological and hydrologic changes 2005-2008
Richard L. Reynolds, Rian Bogle, John Vogel, Harland L. Goldstein, James Yount
2009, Natural Resources and Environmental Issues (15)
Playa type, size, and setting; playa hydrology; and surface-sediment characteristics are important controls on the type and amount of atmospheric dust emitted from playas. Soft, evaporite-rich sediment develops on the surfaces of some Mojave Desert (USA) playas (wet playas), where the water table is shallow (< 4 m). These areas...
Analytical modeling of gravity changes and crustal deformation at volcanoes: The Long Valley caldera, California, case study
Maurizio Battaglia, D.P. Hill
2009, Tectonophysics (471) 45-57
Joint measurements of ground deformation and micro-gravity changes are an indispensable component for any volcano monitoring strategy. A number of analytical mathematical models are available in the literature that can be used to fit geodetic data and infer source location, depth and density. Bootstrap statistical methods allow estimations of the...
Changes in vegetation in northern Alaska under scenarios of climate change, 2003-2100: Implications for climate feedbacks
Eugénie S. Euskirchen, Anthony D. McGuire, F. Stuart Chapin III, S. Yi, Catharine Copass Thompson
2009, Ecological Applications (19) 1022-1043
Assessing potential future changes in arctic and boreal plant species productivity, ecosystem composition, and canopy complexity is essential for understanding environmental responses under expected altered climate forcing. We examined potential changes in the dominant plant functional types (PFTs) of the sedge tundra, shrub tundra, and boreal forest ecosystems in ecotonal...
Hierarchical demographic approaches for assessing invasion dynamics of non-indigenous species: An example using northern snakehead (Channa argus)
Y. Jiao, N.W.R. Lapointe, P. L. Angermeier, B.R. Murphy
2009, Ecological Modelling (220) 1681-1689
Models of species' demographic features are commonly used to understand population dynamics and inform management tactics. Hierarchical demographic models are ideal for the assessment of non-indigenous species because our knowledge of non-indigenous populations is usually limited, data on demographic traits often come from a species' native range, these traits vary...
Historical and simulated ecosystem carbon dynamics in Ghana: Land use, management, and climate
Z. Tan, L.L. Tieszen, E. Tachie-Obeng, S. Liu, A.M. Dieye
2009, Biogeosciences (6) 45-58
We used the General Ensemble biogeochemical Modeling System (GEMS) to simulate responses of natural and managed ecosystems to changes in land use and land cover, management, and climate for a forest/savanna transitional zone in central Ghana. Model results show that deforestation for crop production during the 20th century resulted in...
The effect of bathymetric filtering on nearshore process model results
N.G. Plant, K.L. Edwards, J.M. Kaihatu, J. Veeramony, L. Hsu, K. T. Holland
2009, Coastal Engineering (56) 484-493
Nearshore wave and flow model results are shown to exhibit a strong sensitivity to the resolution of the input bathymetry. In this analysis, bathymetric resolution was varied by applying smoothing filters to high-resolution survey data to produce a number of bathymetric grid surfaces. We demonstrate that the sensitivity of model-predicted...
An Atlas of ShakeMaps and population exposure catalog for earthquake loss modeling
T.I. Allen, D.J. Wald, P.S. Earle, K. D. Marano, A.J. Hotovec, K. Lin, M.G. Hearne
2009, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering (7) 701-718
We present an Atlas of ShakeMaps and a catalog of human population exposures to moderate-to-strong ground shaking (EXPO-CAT) for recent historical earthquakes (1973-2007). The common purpose of the Atlas and exposure catalog is to calibrate earthquake loss models to be used in the US Geological Survey's Prompt Assessment of Global...
Fractionation of the platinum-group elments and Re during crystallization of basalt in Kilauea Iki Lava Lake, Hawaii
L. Pitcher, Rosalind Tuthill Helz, R.J. Walker, P. Piccoli
2009, Chemical Geology (260) 196-210
Kilauea Iki lava lake formed during the 1959 summit eruption of Kilauea Volcano, then crystallized and differentiated over a period of 35??years. It offers an opportunity to evaluate the fractionation behavior of trace elements in a uniquely well-documented basaltic system. A suite of 14 core samples recovered from 1967 to...
Impacts of stormwater runoff in the Southern California Bight: Relationships among plume constituents
K.M. Reifel, S.C. Johnson, P.M. DiGiacomo, M.J. Mengel, N.P. Nezlin, J.A. Warrick, B.H. Jones
2009, Continental Shelf Research (29) 1821-1835
The effects from two winter rain storms on the coastal ocean of the Southern California Bight were examined as part of the Bight '03 program during February 2004 and February-March 2005. The impacts of stormwater from fecal indicator bacteria, water column toxicity, and nutrients were evaluated for five major river...
Evaluation of a moderate resolution, satellite-based impervious surface map using an independent, high-resolution validation data set
J. W. Jones, T. Jarnagin
2009, Journal of Hydrologic Engineering (14) 369-376
Given the relatively high cost of mapping impervious surfaces at regional scales, substantial effort is being expended in the development of moderate-resolution, satellite-based methods for estimating impervious surface area (ISA). To rigorously assess the accuracy of these data products high quality, independently derived validation data are needed. High-resolution data were...
Assessing the landscape context and conversion risk of protected areas using satellite data products
Leona K. Svancara, J. M. Scott, Thomas R. Loveland, Anna Pidgorna
2009, Remote Sensing of Environment (113) 1357-1369
Since the establishment of the first national park (Yellowstone National Park in 1872) and the first wildlife refuge (Pelican Island in 1903), dramatic changes have occurred in both ecological and cultural landscapes across the U.S. The ability of these protected areas to maintain current levels of biodiversity depend, at least...
Saturn's north polar cyclone and hexagon at depth revealed by Cassini/VIMS
K. H. Baines, T.W. Momary, L.N. Fletcher, A.P. Showman, M. Roos-Serote, R. H. Brown, B. J. Buratti, R. N. Clark, P. D. Nicholson
2009, Planetary and Space Science (57) 1671-1681
A high-speed cyclonic vortex centered on the north pole of Saturn has been revealed by the visual-infrared mapping spectrometer (VIMS) onboard the Cassini-Huygens Orbiter, thus showing that the tropospheres of both poles of Saturn are occupied by cyclonic vortices with winds exceeding 135 m/s. High-spatial-resolution (~200 km per pixel) images...
