Sampling considerations for disease surveillance in wildlife populations
S.M. Nusser, W.R. Clark, David L. Otis, L. Huang
2008, Journal of Wildlife Management (72) 52-60
Disease surveillance in wildlife populations involves detecting the presence of a disease, characterizing its prevalence and spread, and subsequent monitoring. A probability sample of animals selected from the population and corresponding estimators of disease prevalence and detection provide estimates with quantifiable statistical properties, but this approach is rarely used. Although...
Rates of zinc and trace metal release from dissolving sphalerite at pH 2.0-4.0
M.R. Stanton, P. A. Gemery-Hill, Wayne C. Shanks III, C. D. Taylor
2008, Applied Geochemistry (23) 136-147
High-Fe and low-Fe sphalerite samples were reacted under controlled pH conditions to determine nonoxidative rates of release of Zn and trace metals from the solid-phase. The release (solubilization) of trace metals from dissolving sphalerite to the aqueous phase can be characterized by a kinetic distribution coefficient, (Dtr), which is defined...
The human footprint in the west: a large-scale analysis of anthropogenic impacts.
M. Leu, S.E. Hanser, S.T. Knick
2008, Ecological Applications (18) 1119-1139
Anthropogenic features such as urbanization, roads, and power lines, are increasing in western United States landscapes in response to rapidly growing human populations. However, their spatial effects have not been evaluated. Our goal was to model the human footprint across the western United States. We first delineated the actual area...
Multi-scale models of grassland passerine abundance in a fragmented system in Wisconsin
R.B. Renfrew, C. A. Ribic
2008, Landscape Ecology (23) 181-193
Fragmentation of grasslands has been implicated in grassland bird population declines. Multi-scale models are being increasingly used to assess potential factors that influence grassland bird presence, abundance, and productivity. However, studies rarely assess fragmentation metrics, and seldom evaluate more than two scales or interactions among scales. We evaluated the relative...
Understanding the relationship between audiomagnetotelluric data and models, and borehole data in a hydrological environment
D.K. McPhee, L. Pellerin
2008, Conference Paper, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts
Audiomagnetotelluric (AMT) data and resulting models are analyzed with respect to geophysical and geological borehole logs in order to clarify the relationship between the two methodologies of investigation of a hydrological environment. Several profiles of AMT data collected in basins in southwestern United States are being used for groundwater exploration...
Modeling potential habitats for alien species Dreissena polymorpha in continental USA
Li Mingyang, Ju Yunwei, Sunil Kumar, Thomas J. Stohlgren
2008, Acta Ecologica Sinica (28) 4253-4258
The effective measure to minimize the damage of invasive species is to block the potential invasive species to enter into suitable areas. 1864 occurrence points with GPS coordinates and 34 environmental variables from Daymet datasets were gathered, and 4 modeling methods, i.e., Logistic Regression (LR), Classification and Regression Trees (CART),...
Geologic, geomorphic, and meteorological aspects of debris flows triggered by Hurricanes Frances and Ivan during September 2004 in the Southern Appalachian Mountains of Macon County, North Carolina (southeastern USA)
R.M. Wooten, K.A. Gillon, A.C. Witt, R.S. Latham, T.J. Douglas, J.B. Bauer, S.J. Fuemmeler, L.G. Lee
2008, Landslides (5) 31-44
In September 2004, rain from the remnants of Hurricanes Frances and Ivan triggered at least 155 landslides in the Blue Ridge Mountains of North Carolina. At least 33 debris flows occurred in Macon County, causing 5 deaths, destroying 16 homes, and damaging infrastructure. We mapped debris flows and debris deposits...
Identification of spectral units on Phoebe
A. Coradini, F. Tosi, A.I. Gavrishin, F. Capaccioni, P. Cerroni, G. Filacchione, A. Adriani, R. H. Brown, G. Bellucci, V. Formisano, E. D’Aversa, J. I. Lunine, K. H. Baines, J.-P. Bibring, B. J. Buratti, R. N. Clark, D. P. Cruikshank, M. Combes, P. Drossart, R. Jaumann, Y. Langevin, D. L. Matson, T. B. McCord, V. Mennella, R.M. Nelson, P. D. Nicholson, B. Sicardy, Christophe Sotin, M.M. Hedman, G. B. Hansen, C. A. Hibbitts, M. Showalter, C. Griffith, G. Strazzulla
2008, Icarus (193) 233-251
We apply a multivariate statistical method to the Phoebe spectra collected by the VIMS experiment onboard the Cassini spacecraft during the flyby of June 2004. The G-mode clustering method, which permits identification of the most important features in a spectrum, is used on a small subset of data, characterized by...
Constitutive relationships and physical basis of fault strength due to flash heating
N.M. Beeler, T.E. Tullis, D.L. Goldsby
2008, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (113)
We develop a model of fault strength loss resulting from phase change at asperity contacts due to flash heating that considers a distribution of contact sizes and nonsteady state evolution of fault strength with displacement. Laboratory faulting experiments conducted at high sliding velocities, which show dramatic strength reduction below the...
Potential for 4-n-nonylphenol biodegradation in stream sediments
P. M. Bradley, L. B. Barber, D.W. Kolpin, P.B. McMahon, F. H. Chapelle
2008, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (27) 260-265
The potential for in situ biodegradation of 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) was investigated in three hydrologically distinct streams impacted by wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the United States. Microcosms were prepared with sediments from each site and amended with [U-ring-14C]4-n-nonylphenol (4-n-NP) as a model test substrate. Microcosms prepared with sediment collected upstream...
Influence of dams and habitat condition on the distribution of redhorse (Moxostoma) species in the Grand River watershed, Ontario
S.M. Reid, N.E. Mandrak, L.M. Carl, C.C. Wilson
2008, Environmental Biology of Fishes (81) 111-125
Redhorse, Moxostoma spp., are considered to be negatively affected by dams although this assertion is untested for Canadian populations. One hundred and fifty-one sites in the Grand River watershed were sampled to identify factors influencing the distribution of redhorse species. Individual species of redhorse were captured from 3 to 32%...
Physical, biotic, and sampling influences on diel habitat use by stream-dwelling bull trout
N.P. Banish, J.T. Peterson, R.F. Thurow
2008, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (28) 176-187
We used daytime and nighttime underwater observation to assess microhabitat use by bull trout Salvelinus confluentus (N = 213) in streams of the intermountain western USA during the summers of 2001 and 2002. We recorded fish focal points and measured a set of habitat characteristics as well as habitat availability...
Modeling soil moisture processes and recharge under a melting snowpack
A. L. Flint, L. E. Flint, M. D. Dettinger
2008, Conference Paper, Vadose Zone Journal
Recharge into granitic bedrock under a melting snowpack is being investigated as part of a study designed to understand hydrologic processes involving snow at Yosemite National Park in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California. Snowpack measurements, accompanied by water content and matric potential measurements of the soil under the snowpack,...
Building hierarchical models of avian distributions for the State of Georgia
J.E. Howell, J.T. Peterson, M.J. Conroy
2008, Journal of Wildlife Management (72) 168-178
To predict the distributions of breeding birds in the state of Georgia, USA, we built hierarchical models consisting of 4 levels of nested mapping units of decreasing area: 90,000 ha, 3,600 ha, 144 ha, and 5.76 ha. We used the Partners in Flight database of point counts to generate presence...
Characterization of errors in a coupled snow hydrology-microwave emission model
K.M. Andreadis, D. Liang, L. Tsang, D.P. Lettenmaier, E.G. Josberger
2008, Journal of Hydrometeorology (9) 149-164
Traditional approaches to the direct estimation of snow properties from passive microwave remote sensing have been plagued by limitations such as the tendency of estimates to saturate for moderately deep snowpacks and the effects of mixed land cover within remotely sensed pixels. An alternative approach is to assimilate satellite microwave...
A quantile count model of water depth constraints on Cape Sable seaside sparrows
B.S. Cade, Q. Dong
2008, Journal of Animal Ecology (77) 47-56
1. A quantile regression model for counts of breeding Cape Sable seaside sparrows Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis (L.) as a function of water depth and previous year abundance was developed based on extensive surveys, 1992-2005, in the Florida Everglades. The quantile count model extends linear quantile regression methods to discrete response...
Trends in abundance of collared lemmings near Cape Churchill, Manitoba, Canada
M.E. Reiter, D. E. Andersen
2008, Journal of Mammalogy (89) 138-144
Regular, multiannual cycles observed in the population abundance of small mammals in many arctic and subarctic ecosystems have stimulated substantial research, particularly among population ecologists. Hypotheses of mechanisms generating regular cycles include predator-prey interactions, limitation of food resources, and migration or dispersal, as well as abiotic factors such as cyclic...
Using the FORE-SCE model to project land-cover change in the southeastern United States
Terry Sohl, Kristi L. Sayler
2008, Ecological Modelling (219) 49-65
A wide variety of ecological applications require spatially explicit current and projected land-use and land-cover data. The southeastern United States has experienced massive land-use change since European settlement and continues to experience extremely high rates of forest cutting, significant urban development, and changes in agricultural land use. Forest-cover patterns and...
Influences of organic matter and calcification rate on trace elements in aragonitic estuarine bivalve shells
R.K. Takesue, C. R. Bacon, J.K. Thompson
2008, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (72) 5431-5445
A suite of elements (B, Na, Mg, S, K, Ca, V, Mn, Cr, Sr, and Ba) was measured in aragonitic shells of the estuarine bivalve Corbula amurensis, the Asian clam, using the Sensitive High-Resolution Ion MicroProbe with Reverse Geometry (SHRIMP RG). Our initial intent...
Integrating remotely sensed land cover observations and a biogeochemical model for estimating forest ecosystem carbon dynamics
J. Liu, S. Liu, Thomas R. Loveland, L.L. Tieszen
2008, Ecological Modelling (219) 361-372
Land cover change is one of the key driving forces for ecosystem carbon (C) dynamics. We present an approach for using sequential remotely sensed land cover observations and a biogeochemical model to estimate contemporary and future ecosystem carbon trends. We applied the General Ensemble Biogeochemical Modelling System (GEMS) for the...
Nanomaterial synthesis and characterization for toxicological studies: TiO2 case study
E. Valsami-Jones, D. Berhanu, A. Dybowska, S. Misra, A.R. Boccaccini, T.D. Tetley, S. N. Luoma, J.A. Plant
2008, Conference Paper, Mineralogical Magazine
In recent years it has become apparent that the novel properties of nanomaterials may predispose them to a hitherto unknown potential for toxicity. A number of recent toxicological studies of nanomaterials exist, but these appear to be fragmented and often contradictory. Such discrepancies may be, at least in part, due...
Model predictions of realgar precipitation by reaction of As(III) with synthetic mackinawite under anoxic conditions
T.J. Gallegos, Y.-S. Han, K.F. Hayes
2008, Environmental Science & Technology (42) 9338-9343
This study investigates the removal of As(III) from solution using mackinawite, a nanoparticulate reduced iron sulfide. Mackinawite suspensions (0.1−40 g/L) effectively lower initial concentrations of 1.3×10−5 M As(III) from pH 5−10, with maximum removal occurring under acidic conditions. Based on Eh measurements, it was found that the redox state of the system...
Volatility of bitumen prices and implications for the industry
E. D. Attanasi
2008, Natural Resources Research (17) 205-213
Sustained crude oil price increases have led to increased investment in and production of Canadian bitumen to supplement North American oil supplies. For new projects, the evaluation of profitability is based on a prediction of the future price path of bitumen and ultimately light/medium crude oil. This article examines the...
Coastal strategies to predict Escherichia coli concentrations for beaches along a 35 km stretch of southern Lake Michigan
M.B. Nevers, R.L. Whitman
2008, Environmental Science & Technology (42) 4454-4460
To understand the fate and movement of Escherichia coli in beach water, numerous modeling studies have been undertaken including mechanistic predictions of currents and plumes and empirical modeling based on hydrometeorological variables. Most approaches are limited in scope by nearshore currents or physical obstacles and data limitations; few examine the...
Increased terrestrial to ocean sediment and carbon fluxes in the northern Chesapeake Bay associated with twentieth century land alteration
C. Saenger, T. M. Cronin, D. Willard, J. Halka, R. Kerhin
2008, Estuaries and Coasts (31) 492-500
We calculated Chesapeake Bay (CB) sediment and carbon fluxes before and after major anthropogenic land clearance using robust monitoring, modeling and sedimentary data. Four distinct fluxes in the estuarine system were considered including (1) the flux of eroded material from the watershed to streams, (2) the flux of suspended sediment...
