The role of local soil-induced amplification in the 27 July 1980 northeastern Kentucky earthquake
E.W. Woolery, T.-L. Lin, Z. Wang, B. Shi
2008, Environmental & Engineering Geoscience (14) 267-280
Amplification of earthquake ground motions by near-surface soil deposits was believed to have occurred in Maysville, Kentucky, U.S.A. during the northeast Kentucky (Sharpsburg) earthquake (mb,Lg 5.3) of July 27, 1980. The city of Maysville, founded on approximately 30 m of Late Quaternary Ohio River flood plain alluvium, was 52 km...
Geologic, geomorphic, and meteorological aspects of debris flows triggered by Hurricanes Frances and Ivan during September 2004 in the Southern Appalachian Mountains of Macon County, North Carolina (southeastern USA)
R.M. Wooten, K.A. Gillon, A.C. Witt, R.S. Latham, T.J. Douglas, J.B. Bauer, S.J. Fuemmeler, L.G. Lee
2008, Landslides (5) 31-44
In September 2004, rain from the remnants of Hurricanes Frances and Ivan triggered at least 155 landslides in the Blue Ridge Mountains of North Carolina. At least 33 debris flows occurred in Macon County, causing 5 deaths, destroying 16 homes, and damaging infrastructure. We mapped debris flows and debris deposits...
Late Cretaceous to Miocene sea-level estimates from the New Jersey and Delaware coastal plain coreholes: An error analysis
M.A. Kominz, J.V. Browning, K.G. Miller, P. J. Sugarman, S. Mizintseva, C.R. Scotese
2008, Basin Research (20) 211-226
Sea level has been estimated for the last 108 million years through backstripping of corehole data from the New Jersey and Delaware Coastal Plains. Inherent errors due to this method of calculating sea level are discussed, including uncertainties in ages, depth of deposition and the model used for tectonic subsidence....
Grizzly bear density in Glacier National Park, Montana
K.C. Kendall, J.B. Stetz, David A. Roon, L.P. Waits, J.B. Boulanger, David Paetkau
2008, Journal of Wildlife Management (72) 1693-1705
We present the first rigorous estimate of grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) population density and distribution in and around Glacier National Park (GNP), Montana, USA. We used genetic analysis to identify individual bears from hair samples collected via 2 concurrent sampling methods: 1) systematically distributed, baited, barbed-wire hair traps and 2)...
Dependence of displacement-length scaling relations for fractures and deformation bands on the volumetric changes across them
Richard A. Schultz, Roger Soliva, Haakon Fossen, Chris Okubo, Donald M. Reeves
2008, Journal of Structural Geology (30) 1405-1411
Displacement–length data from faults, joints, veins, igneous dikes, shear deformation bands, and compaction bands define two groups. The first group, having a power-law scaling relation with a slope of n = 1 and therefore a linear dependence of maximum displacement and discontinuity length (Dmax = γL), comprises faults and...
Influence of variable chemical conditions on EDTA-enhanced transport of metal ions in mildly acidic groundwater
D.B. Kent, J.A. Davis, J.L. Joye, G.P. Curtis
2008, Environmental Pollution (153) 44-52
Adsorption of Ni and Pb on aquifer sediments from Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA increased with increasing pH and metal-ion concentration. Adsorption could be described quantitatively using a semi-mechanistic surface complexation model (SCM), in which adsorption is described using chemical reactions between metal ions and adsorption sites. Equilibrium reactive transport simulations...
3D crustal structure and long-period ground motions from a M9.0 megathrust earthquake in the Pacific Northwest region
K.B. Olsen, W. J. Stephenson, A. Geisselmeyer
2008, Journal of Seismology (12) 145-159
We have developed a community velocity model for the Pacific Northwest region from northern California to southern Canada and carried out the first 3D simulation of a Mw 9.0 megathrust earthquake rupturing along the Cascadia subduction zone using a parallel supercomputer. A long-period (<0.5 Hz) source model was designed by...
Scientific results from Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrates Joint Industry Project Leg 1 drilling: Introduction and overview
C. Ruppel, R. Boswell, E. Jones
2008, Marine and Petroleum Geology (25) 819-829
The Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrates Joint Industry Project (JIP) is a consortium of production and service companies and some government agencies formed to address the challenges that gas hydrates pose for deepwater exploration and production. In partnership with the U.S. Department of Energy and with scientific assistance from the...
The effect of variations in relative spectral response on the retrieval of land surface parameters from multiple sources of remotely sensed imagery
D. J. Meyer, G. Chander
2008, Conference Paper, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)
Airborne visible infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS) images, collected over Sioux Falls, South Dakota, were used to quantify the effect of spectral response on different surface materials and to develop spectral "figures-of-merit" for spectral responses covering similar, but not identical spectral bands. In this simulation, AVIRIS images...
Increased terrestrial to ocean sediment and carbon fluxes in the northern Chesapeake Bay associated with twentieth century land alteration
C. Saenger, T. M. Cronin, D. Willard, J. Halka, R. Kerhin
2008, Estuaries and Coasts (31) 492-500
We calculated Chesapeake Bay (CB) sediment and carbon fluxes before and after major anthropogenic land clearance using robust monitoring, modeling and sedimentary data. Four distinct fluxes in the estuarine system were considered including (1) the flux of eroded material from the watershed to streams, (2) the flux of suspended sediment...
New global hydrography derived from spaceborne elevation data
B. Lehner, K.L. Verdin, A. Jarvis
2008, Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union (89) 93-94
To study the Earth system and to better understand the implications of global environmental change, there is a growing need for large-scale hydrographic data sets that serve as prerequisites in a variety of analyses and applications, ranging from regional watershed and freshwater conservation planning to global hydrological, climate, biogeochemical, and...
Variability of passive gas emissions, seismicity, and deformation during crater lake growth at White Island Volcano, New Zealand, 2002-2006
C. Werner, T. Hurst, B. Scott, S. Sherburn, B.W. Christenson, K. Britten, J. Cole-Baker, B. Mullan
2008, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (113)
We report on 4 years of airborne measurements of CO2, SO2, and H2S emission rates during a quiescent period at White Island volcano, New Zealand, beginning in 2003. During this time a significant crater lake emerged, allowing scrubbig processes to be investigated. CO2 emissions varied from a baseline of 250...
Nitrogen attenuation in the Connecticut River, northeastern USA; a comparison of mass balance and N2 production modeling approaches
T. E. Smith, A.E. Laursen, J. R. Deacon
2008, Biogeochemistry (87) 311-323
Two methods were used to measure in-stream nitrogen loss in the Connecticut River during studies conducted in April and August 2005. A mass balance on nitrogen inputs and output for two study reaches (55 and 66 km), at spring high flow and at summer low flow, was computed on the...
Spatial patterns of ecohydrologic properties on a hillslope-alluvial fan transect, central New Mexico
D. R. Bedford, E.E. Small
2008, Catena (73) 34-48
Spatial patterns of soil properties are linked to patchy vegetation in arid and semi-arid landscapes. The patterns of soil properties are generally assumed to be linked to the ecohydrological functioning of patchy dryland vegetation ecosystems. We studied the effects of vegetation canopy, its spatial pattern, and landforms on soil properties...
A simple model for predicting survival of angler-caught and released largemouth bass
G.R. Wilde, K.L. Pope
2008, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (137) 834-840
We conducted a controlled experiment in the laboratory to assess the influence of anatomical hooking location and water temperature on survival of angler-caught and released largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides. Survival was 98% (58 of 59 fish) among fish that were hand-hooked within the oral cavity (including the gills), whereas survival...
Scaling hyporheic exchange and its influence on biogeochemical reactions in aquatic ecosystems
Ben L. O’Connor, Judson W. Harvey
2008, Water Resources Research (44)
Hyporheic exchange and biogeochemical reactions are difficult to quantify because of the range in fluid‐flow and sediment conditions inherent to streams, wetlands, and nearshore marine ecosystems. Field measurements of biogeochemical reactions in aquatic systems are impeded by the difficulty of measuring hyporheic flow simultaneously with chemical gradients in sediments. Simplified...
Suspended sediment transport in the freshwater reach of the Hudson river estuary in eastern New York
G. R. Wall, E.A. Nystrom, S. Litten
2008, Estuaries and Coasts (31) 542-553
Deposition of Hudson River sediment into New York Harbor interferes with navigation lanes and requires continuous dredging. Sediment dynamics at the Hudson estuary turbidity maximum (ETM) have received considerable study, but delivery of sediment to the ETM through the freshwater reach of the estuary has received relatively little attention and...
Movements of wintering surf scoters: Predator responses to different prey landscapes
M. Kirk, Daniel Esler, S. A. Iverson, W. S. Boyd
2008, Oecologia (155) 859-867
The distribution of predators is widely recognized to be intimately linked to the distribution of their prey. Foraging theory suggests that predators will modify their behaviors, including movements, to optimize net energy intake when faced with variation in prey attributes or abundance. While many studies have documented changes in movement...
A trade-off between model resolution and variance with selected Rayleigh-wave data
J. Xia, R. D. Miller, Y. Xu
2008, Conference Paper, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts
Inversion of multimode surface-wave data is of increasing interest in the near-surface geophysics community. For a given near-surface geophysical problem, it is essential to understand how well the data, calculated according to a layered-earth model, might match the observed data. A data-resolution matrix is a function of the data kernel...
Identification of spectral units on Phoebe
A. Coradini, F. Tosi, A.I. Gavrishin, F. Capaccioni, P. Cerroni, G. Filacchione, A. Adriani, R. H. Brown, G. Bellucci, V. Formisano, E. D’Aversa, J. I. Lunine, K. H. Baines, J.-P. Bibring, B. J. Buratti, R. N. Clark, D. P. Cruikshank, M. Combes, P. Drossart, R. Jaumann, Y. Langevin, D. L. Matson, T. B. McCord, V. Mennella, R.M. Nelson, P. D. Nicholson, B. Sicardy, Christophe Sotin, M.M. Hedman, G. B. Hansen, C. A. Hibbitts, M. Showalter, C. Griffith, G. Strazzulla
2008, Icarus (193) 233-251
We apply a multivariate statistical method to the Phoebe spectra collected by the VIMS experiment onboard the Cassini spacecraft during the flyby of June 2004. The G-mode clustering method, which permits identification of the most important features in a spectrum, is used on a small subset of data, characterized by...
Geochemical investigation of weathering processes in a forested headwater catchment: Mass-balance weathering fluxes
B.F. Jones, J.S. Herman
2008, Conference Paper, Mineralogical Magazine
Geochemical research on natural weathering has often been directed towards explanations of the chemical composition of surface water and ground water resulting from subsurface water-rock interactions. These interactions are often defined as the incongruent dissolution of primary silicates, such as feldspar, producing secondary weathering products, such as clay minerals and...
Multiyear riparian evapotranspiration and groundwater use for a semiarid watershed
R.L. Scott, W.L. Cable, T. E. Huxman, P.L. Nagler, M. Hernandez, D.C. Goodrich
2008, Journal of Arid Environments (72) 1232-1246
Riparian evapotranspiration (ET) is a major component of the surface and subsurface water balance for many semiarid watersheds. Measurement or model-based estimates of ET are often made on a local scale, but spatially distributed estimates are needed to determine ET over catchments. In this paper, we document the ET that...
Coastal strategies to predict Escherichia coli concentrations for beaches along a 35 km stretch of southern Lake Michigan
M.B. Nevers, R.L. Whitman
2008, Environmental Science & Technology (42) 4454-4460
To understand the fate and movement of Escherichia coli in beach water, numerous modeling studies have been undertaken including mechanistic predictions of currents and plumes and empirical modeling based on hydrometeorological variables. Most approaches are limited in scope by nearshore currents or physical obstacles and data limitations; few examine the...
Dating groundwater with trifluoromethyl sulfurpentafluoride (SF 5CF3), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), CF 3Cl (CFC-13), and CF2Cl2 (CFC-12)
E. Busenberg, Niel Plummer
2008, Water Resources Research (44)
[1] A new groundwater dating procedure using the transient atmospheric signal of the environmental tracers SF5CF3, CFC-13, SF6, and CFC-12 was developed. The analytical procedure determines concentrations of the four tracers in air and water samples. SF 5CF3 and CFC-13 can be used to date groundwaters in some environments where...
Potential for 4-n-nonylphenol biodegradation in stream sediments
P. M. Bradley, L. B. Barber, D.W. Kolpin, P.B. McMahon, F. H. Chapelle
2008, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (27) 260-265
The potential for in situ biodegradation of 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) was investigated in three hydrologically distinct streams impacted by wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the United States. Microcosms were prepared with sediments from each site and amended with [U-ring-14C]4-n-nonylphenol (4-n-NP) as a model test substrate. Microcosms prepared with sediment collected upstream...
