Are we missing a mineralocorticoid in teleost fish? Effects of cortisol, deoxycorticosterone and aldosterone on osmoregulation, gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity and isoform mRNA levels in Atlantic salmon
S. D. McCormick, A. Regish, M. F. O’Dea, J. M. Shrimpton
2008, General and Comparative Endocrinology (157) 35-40
It has long been held that cortisol, acting through a single receptor, carries out both glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid actions in teleost fish. The recent finding that fish express a gene with high sequence similarity to the mammalian mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) suggests the possibility that a hormone other than cortisol carries...
The GIS Weasel: An interface for the development of geographic information used in environmental simulation modeling
Roland J. Viger
2008, Computers & Geosciences (34) 891-901
The GIS Weasel is a freely available, open-source software package built on top of ArcInfo Workstation?? [ESRI, Inc., 2001, ArcInfo Workstation (8.1 ed.), Redlands, CA] for creating maps and parameters of geographic features used in environmental simulation models. The software has been designed to minimize the need for GIS expertise...
Abrupt climate change and collapse of deep-sea ecosystems
Moriaki Yasuhara, T. M. Cronin, P.B. Demenocal, H. Okahashi, B.K. Linsley
2008, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (105) 1556-1560
We investigated the deep-sea fossil record of benthic ostracodes during periods of rapid climate and oceanographic change over the past 20,000 years in a core from intermediate depth in the northwestern Atlantic. Results show that deep-sea benthic community "collapses" occur with faunal turnover of up to 50% during major climatically...
The last 1000 years of natural and anthropogenic low-oxygen bottom-water on the Louisiana shelf, Gulf of Mexico
L.E. Osterman, R.Z. Poore, P.W. Swarzenski
2008, Marine Micropaleontology (66) 291-303
The relative abundance of three species of low-oxygen tolerant benthic foraminifers, the PEB index, in foraminiferal assemblages from sediment cores is used to trace the history of low-oxygen bottom-water conditions on the Louisiana shelf. Analyses of a network of box cores indicate that the modern zone of chronic seasonal hypoxia...
Talc friction in the temperature range 25°–400 °C: relevance for fault-zone weakening
Diane E. Moore, David A. Lockner
2008, Tectonophysics (449) 120-132
Talc is one of the weakest minerals that is associated with fault zones. Triaxial friction experiments conducted on water-saturated talc gouge at room temperature yield values of the coefficient of friction, μ(shear stress, τ/effective normal stress, σ′N) in the range 0.16–0.23, and μ increases with increasing σ′N. Talc gouge heated to temperatures of 100°–400 °C is...
Abyssal ostracods from the South and Equatorial Atlantic Ocean: Biological and paleoceanographic implications
Moriaki Yasuhara, T. M. Cronin, Arbizu P. Martinez
2008, Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers (55) 490-497
We report the distribution of ostracods from ???5000 m depth from the Southeast and Equatorial Atlantic Ocean recovered from the uppermost 10 cm of minimally disturbed sediments taken by multiple-corer during the R/V Meteor DIVA2 expedition M63.2. Five cores yielded the following major deep-sea genera: Krithe, Henryhowella, Poseidonamicus, Legitimocythere, Pseudobosquetina,...
Human-induced changes in the hydrology of the Western United States
T.P. Barnett, D.W. Pierce, H.G. Hidalgo, Celine Bonfils, B.D. Santer, T. Das, G. Bala, A.W. Wood, T. Nozawa, A.A. Mirin, D.R. Cayan, M. D. Dettinger
2008, Science (319) 1080-1083
Observations have shown that the hydrological cycle of the western United States changed significantly over the last half of the 20th century. We present a regional, multivariable climate change detection and attribution study, using a high-resolution hydrologic model forced by global climate models, focusing on the changes that have already...
Transport and distribution of trace elements and other selected inorganic constituents by suspended particulates in the Salton Sea Basin, California, 2001
L.A. LeBlanc, R. A. Schroeder
2008, Hydrobiologia (604) 123-135
In order to examine the transport of contaminants associated with river-derived suspended particles in the Salton Sea, California, large volume water samples were collected in transects established along the three major rivers emptying into the Salton Sea in fall 2001. Rivers in this area carry significant aqueous and particulate contaminant...
Diurnal variations in, and influences on, concentrations of particulate and dissolved arsenic and metals in the mildly alkaline Wallkill River, New Jersey, USA
J. L. Barringer, T.P. Wilson, Z. Szabo, J.L. Bonin, J.M. Fischer, N.P. Smith
2008, Environmental Geology (53) 1183-1199
Diurnal variations in particulate and dissolved As and metal concentrations were observed in mildly alkaline water from a wetlands site on the Wallkill River in northwestern New Jersey. The site, underlain by glacial sediments over dolomite bedrock, is 10 km downstream from a mined area of the Franklin Marble, host...
Scaling hyporheic exchange and its influence on biogeochemical reactions in aquatic ecosystems
Ben L. O’Connor, Judson W. Harvey
2008, Water Resources Research (44)
Hyporheic exchange and biogeochemical reactions are difficult to quantify because of the range in fluid‐flow and sediment conditions inherent to streams, wetlands, and nearshore marine ecosystems. Field measurements of biogeochemical reactions in aquatic systems are impeded by the difficulty of measuring hyporheic flow simultaneously with chemical gradients in sediments. Simplified...
Methane-producing microbial community in a coal bed of the Illinois Basin
D. Strapoc, F.W. Picardal, C. Turich, I. Schaperdoth, J. L. Macalady, J.S. Lipp, Y.-S. Lin, T.F. Ertefai, F. Schubotz, K.-U. Hinrichs, Maria Mastalerz, A. Schimmelmann
2008, Applied and Environmental Microbiology (74) 2424-2432
A series of molecular and geochemical studies were performed to study microbial, coal bed methane formation in the eastern Illinois Basin. Results suggest that organic matter is biodegraded to simple molecules, such as H 2 and CO2, which fuel methanogenesis and the generation of large coal bed methane reserves. Small-subunit...
Distribution and spawning dynamics of capelin (Mallotus villosus) in Glacier Bay, Alaska: A cold water refugium
Mayumi L. Arimitsu, John F. Piatt, Michael A. Litzow, Alisa A. Abookire, Marc D. Romano, Martin D. Robards
2008, Fisheries Oceanography (17) 137-146
Pacific capelin (Mallotus villosus) populations declined dramatically in the Northeastern Pacific following ocean warming after the regime shift of 1977, but little is known about the cause of the decline or the functional relationships between capelin and their environment. We assessed the distribution and abundance of spawning, non-spawning adult and...
New global hydrography derived from spaceborne elevation data
B. Lehner, K.L. Verdin, A. Jarvis
2008, Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union (89) 93-94
To study the Earth system and to better understand the implications of global environmental change, there is a growing need for large-scale hydrographic data sets that serve as prerequisites in a variety of analyses and applications, ranging from regional watershed and freshwater conservation planning to global hydrological, climate, biogeochemical, and...
Monitoring urban impacts on suspended sediment, trace element, and nutrient fluxes within the City of Atlanta, Georgia, USA: Program design, methodological considerations, and initial results
A. J. Horowitz, K. A. Elrick, J.J. Smith
2008, Hydrological Processes (22) 1473-1496
Atlanta, Georgia (City of Atlanta, COA), is one of the most rapidly growing urban areas in the US. Beginning in 2003, the US Geological Survey established a long-term water-quantity/quality monitoring network for the COA. The results obtained during the first 2 years have provided insights into the requirements needed to...
Wetlands as principal zones of methylmercury production in southern Louisiana and the Gulf of Mexico region
B.D. Hall, G. R. Aiken, D. P. Krabbenhoft, M. Marvin-DiPasquale, C.M. Swarzenski
2008, Environmental Pollution (154) 124-134
It is widely recognized that wetlands, especially those rich in organic matter and receiving appreciable atmospheric mercury (Hg) inputs, are important sites of methylmercury (MeHg) production. Extensive wetlands in the southeastern United States have many ecosystem attributes ideal for promoting high MeHg production rates; however, relatively few mercury cycling studies...
A linked hydrodynamic and water quality model for the Salton Sea
E.G. Chung, S.G. Schladow, J. Perez-Losada, Dale M. Robertson
2008, Hydrobiologia (604) 57-75
A linked hydrodynamic and water quality model was developed and applied to the Salton Sea. The hydrodynamic component is based on the one-dimensional numerical model, DLM. The water quality model is based on a new conceptual model for nutrient cycling in the Sea, and simulates temperature, total suspended sediment concentration,...
Techniques for Monitoring Razorback Sucker in the Lower Colorado River, Hoover to Parker Dams, 2006-2007, Final Report
Gordon A. Mueller, Richard Wydoski, Eric Best, Steve Hiebert, Jeff Lantow, Mark Santee, Bill Goettlicher, Joe Millosovich
2008, Open-File Report 2008-1245
Trammel netting is generally the accepted method of monitoring razorback sucker in reservoirs, but this method is ineffective for monitoring this fish in rivers. Trammel nets set in the current become fouled with debris, and nets set in backwaters capture high numbers of nontarget species. Nontargeted fish composed 97 percent...
Development and Application of a Decision Support System for Water Management Investigations in the Upper Yakima River, Washington
Ken D. Bovee, Terry J. Waddle, Colin Talbert, James R. Hatten, Thomas R. Batt
2008, Open-File Report 2008-1251
The Yakima River Decision Support System (YRDSS) was designed to quantify and display the consequences of different water management scenarios for a variety of state variables in the upper Yakima River Basin, located in central Washington. The impetus for the YRDSS was the Yakima River Basin Water Storage Feasibility Study,...
Organochlorine pesticide, polychlorinated biphenyl, trace element and metal residues in bird eggs from Salton Sea, California, 2004
Charles J. Henny, T. W. Anderson, J.J. Crayon
2008, Hydrobiologia (604) 137-149
The Salton Sea is a highly eutrophic, hypersaline terminal lake that receives inflows primarily from agricultural drainages in the Imperial and Coachella valleys. Impending reductions in water inflow at Salton Sea may concentrate existing contaminants which have been a concern for many years, and result in higher exposure to birds....
Effects of 2003 wildfires on stream chemistry in Glacier National Park, Montana
M. Alisa Mast, David W. Clow
2008, Hydrological Processes (22) 5013-5023
Changes in stream chemistry were studied for 4 years following large wildfires that burned in Glacier National Park during the summer of 2003. Burned and unburned drainages were monitored from December 2003 through August 2007 for streamflow, major constituents, nutrients, and suspended sediment following the fires. Stream-water nitrate concentrations showed...
A comparison of winter mercury accumulation at forested and no-canopy sites measured with different snow sampling techniques
S.J. Nelson, K.B. Johnson, K.C. Weathers, C.S. Loftin, I.J. Fernandez, J. S. Kahl, D. P. Krabbenhoft
2008, Applied Geochemistry (23) 384-398
Atmospheric mercury (Hg) is delivered to ecosystems via rain, snow, cloud/fog, and dry deposition. The importance of snow, especially snow that has passed through the forest canopy (throughfall), in delivering Hg to terrestrial ecosystems has received little attention in the literature. The snowpack...
The experimental basis for interpreting particle and magnetic fabrics of sheared till
N.R. Iverson, T.S. Hooyer, J.F. Thomason, M. Graesch, J.R. Shumway
2008, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (33) 627-645
Particle fabrics of basal tills may allow testing of the bed-deformation model of glacier flow, which requires high bed shear strains (>100). Field studies, however, have not yielded a systematic relationship between shear-strain magnitude and fabric development. To isolate this relationship four basal tills and viscous putty were sheared in...
Dissolved metals and associated constituents in abandoned coal-mine discharges, Pennsylvania, USA. Part 1: Constituent quantities and correlations
C.A. Cravotta III
2008, Applied Geochemistry (23) 166-202
Complete hydrochemical data are rarely reported for coal-mine discharges (CMD). This report summarizes major and trace-element concentrations and loadings for CMD at 140 abandoned mines in the Anthracite and Bituminous Coalfields of Pennsylvania. Clean-sampling and low-level analytical methods were used in 1999 to collect data that could be useful to...
Physiological response of some economically important freshwater salmonids to catch-and-release fishing
Gary Wedemeyer, R.S. Wydoski
2008, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (28) 1587-1596
Catch-and-release fishing regulations are widely used by fishery resource managers to maintain both the quantity and quality of sport fish populations. We evaluated blood chemistry disturbances in wild brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, brown trout Salmo trutta, cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii, and Arctic grayling Thymallus arcticus that had been hooked and...
Influenza A virus infections in land birds, People's Republic of China
A.T. Peterson, S.E. Bush, Erica Spackman, D.E. Swayne, Hon S. Ip
2008, Emerging Infectious Diseases (14) 1644-1646
Water birds are considered the reservoir for avian influenza viruses. We examined this assumption by sampling and real-time reverse transcription-PCR testing of 939 Asian land birds of 153 species. Influenza A infection was found, particularly among migratory species. Surveillance programs for monitoring spread of these viruses need to be redesigned....
