Weirs: Counting and sampling adult salmonids in streams and rivers
Christian E. Zimmerman, Laura M. Zabkar
2007, Book chapter, Salmonid field protocols handbook: techniques for assessing status and trends in salmon and trout populations.
Weirs—which function as porous barriers built across stream—have long been used to capture migrating fish in flowing waters. For example, the Netsilik peoples of northern Canada used V-shaped weirs constructed of river rocks gathered onsite to capture migrating Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus (Balikci 1970). Similarly, fences constructed of stakes and...
Multiscale habitat selection by burrowing owls in black-tailed prairie dog colonies
S.J. Lantz, C.J. Conway, S.H. Anderson
2007, Journal of Wildlife Management (71) 2664-2672
Some populations of western burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) have declined in recent decades. To design and implement effective recovery efforts, we need a better understanding of how distribution and demographic traits are influenced by habitat quality. To this end, we measured spatial patterns of burrowing owl breeding habitat selection...
Persistent chlordane concentrations in long island sound sediment: Implications from chlordane, 210Pb, and 137Cs profiles
L. Yang, X. Li, John Crusius, U. Jans, M.E. Melcer, P. Zhang
2007, Environmental Science & Technology (41) 7723-7729
Concentrations of chlordane, a banned termiticide and pesticide, were examined in recently collected surficial sediment (10 sites) and sediment cores (4 sites) in Long Island Sound (LIS).The highest chlordane concentrations were observed in western LIS, near highly urbanized areas. Chlordane concentrations did not decrease significantly in the past decade when...
Modeling the movement of a pH perturbation and its impact on adsorbed zinc and phosphate in a wastewater‐contaminated aquifer
Douglas B. Kent, J.A. Wilkie, J.A. Davis
2007, Water Resources Research (43)
[1] Chemical conditions were perturbed in an aquifer with an ambient pH of 5.9 and wastewater-derived adsorbed zinc (Zn) and phosphate (P) contamination by injecting a pulse of amended groundwater. The injected groundwater had low concentrations of dissolved Zn and P, a pH value of...
Differential gene expression induced by exposure of captive mink to fuel oil: A model for the sea otter
Lizabeth Bowen, F. Riva, C. Mohr, B. Aldridge, J. Schwartz, A. Keith Miles, J.L. Stott
2007, EcoHealth (4) 298-309
Free-ranging sea otters are subject to hydrocarbon exposure from a variety of sources, both natural and anthropogenic. Effects of direct exposure to unrefined crude oil, such as that associated with the Exxon Valdez oil spill, are readily apparent. However, the impact of subtle but pathophysiologically relevant concentrations of crude oil...
The case for infrasound as the long-range map cue in avian navigation
J.T. Hagstrum
2007, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the Annual Meeting - Institute of Navigation
Of the various 'map' and 'compass' components of Kramer's avian navigational model, the long-range map component is the least well understood. In this paper atmospheric infrasounds are proposed as the elusive longrange cues constituting the avian navigational map. Although infrasounds were considered a viable candidate for the avian map in...
Non-volcanic tremor driven by large transient shear stresses
J.L. Rubinstein, J.E. Vidale, J. Gomberg, P. Bodin, K. C. Creager, S. D. Malone
2007, Nature (448) 579-582
Non-impulsive seismic radiation or 'tremor' has long been observed at volcanoes and more recently around subduction zones. Although the number of observations of non-volcanic tremor is steadily increasing, the causative mechanism remains unclear. Some have attributed non-volcanic tremor to the movement of fluids, while its coincidence with geodetically observed slow-slip...
A GIS-based groundwater travel time model to evaluate stream nitrate concentration reductions from land use change
K. E. Schilling, C.F. Wolter
2007, Environmental Geology (53) 433-443
Excessive nitrate-nitrogen (nitrate) loss from agricultural watersheds is an environmental concern. A common conservation practice to improve stream water quality is to retire vulnerable row croplands to grass. In this paper, a groundwater travel time model based on a geographic information system (GIS) analysis of readily available soil and topographic...
Deglacial climate variability in central Florida, USA
Debra A. Willard, C.E. Bernhardt, G. R. Brooks, T. M. Cronin, T. Edgar, R. Larson
2007, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (251) 366-382
Pollen and ostracode evidence from lacustrine sediments underlying modern Tampa Bay, Florida, document frequent and abrupt climatic and hydrological events superimposed on deglacial warming in the subtropics. Radiocarbon chronology on well-preserved mollusk shells and pollen residue from core MD02-2579 documents continuous sedimentation in a variety of non-marine habitats in a...
Characterisation and modelling of washover fans
Chantal Donnelly, Asbury H. Sallenger Jr.
2007, Conference Paper, Coastal Sediments '07 - Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes
Pre- and post-storm topography and aerial photography, collected in regions where new washover fans were formed, were studied to determine the extent of morphologic, vegetative and anthropogenic control on washover shape and extent. When overwash is funnelled through a gap in a dune ridge and then spreads laterally on the...
Characterization of post-fire surface cover, soils, and burn severity at the Cerro Grande Fire, New Mexico, using hyperspectral and multispectral remote sensing
R.F. Kokaly, B.W. Rockwell, S.L. Haire, T. V. V. King
2007, Remote Sensing of Environment (106) 305-325
Forest fires leave behind a changed ecosystem with a patchwork of surface cover that includes ash, charred organic matter, soils and soil minerals, and dead, damaged, and living vegetation. The distributions of these materials affect post-fire processes of erosion, nutrient cycling, and vegetation regrowth. We analyzed high spatial resolution (2.4??m...
Predicting wetland plant community responses to proposed water-level-regulation plans for Lake Ontario: GIS-based modeling
D.A. Wilcox, Y. Xie
2007, Journal of Great Lakes Research (33) 751-773
Integrated, GIS-based, wetland predictive models were constructed to assist in predicting the responses of wetland plant communities to proposed new water-level regulation plans for Lake Ontario. The modeling exercise consisted of four major components: 1) building individual site wetland geometric models; 2) constructing generalized wetland geometric models representing specific types...
A stream sediment geochemical survey of the Ganga River headwaters in the Garhwal Himalaya
P.K. Mukherjee, K.K. Purohit, N.K. Saini, P.P. Khanna, M.S. Rathi, A. E. Grosz
2007, Geochemical Journal (41) 83-95
This study models geochemical and adjunct geologic data to define provinces that are favorable for radioactive-mineral exploration. A multi-element bed-sediment geochemical survey of streams was carried out in the headwaters region of the Ganga River in northern India. Overall median values for uranium and thorium (3.6 and 13.8 ppm; maxima...
Evidence for a physical linkage between galactic cosmic rays and regional climate time series
C. A. Perry
2007, Advances in Space Research (40) 353-364
The effects of solar variability on regional climate time series were examined using a sequence of physical connections between total solar irradiance (TSI) modulated by galactic cosmic rays (GCRs), and ocean and atmospheric patterns that affect precipitation and streamflow. The solar energy reaching the Earth's surface and its oceans is...
Long-term performance of Aanderaa optodes and sea-bird SBE-43 dissolved-oxygen sensors bottom mounted at 32 m in Massachusetts Bay
Marinna A. Martini, Bradford Butman, Michael J. Mickelson
2007, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology (24) 1924-1935
A field evaluation of two new dissolved-oxygen sensing technologies, the Aanderaa Instruments AS optode model 3830 and the Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc., model SBE43, was carried out at about 32-m water depth in western Massachusetts Bay. The optode is an optical sensor that measures fluorescence quenching by oxygen molecules, while the...
Investigation of the groundwater system at Masaya Caldera, Nicaragua, using transient electromagnetics and numerical simulation
R.E. MacNeil, W. E. Sanford, C.B. Connor, S.K. Sandberg, M. Diez
2007, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (166) 217-232
The distribution of groundwater beneath Masaya Volcano, in Nicaragua, and its surrounding caldera was characterized using the transient electromagnetic method (TEM). Multiple soundings were conducted at 30 sites. Models of the TEM data consistently indicate a resistive layer that is underlain by one or more conductive layers. These two layers...
Penokean tectonics along a promontory-embayment margin in east-central Minnesota
V.W. Chandler, Terrence Boerboom, M.A. Jirsa
2007, Precambrian Research (157) 26-49
Recent geologic investigations in east-central Minnesota have utilized geophysical data, test drilling, and high-resolution geochronologic dating to produce a significantly improved map of a poorly exposed part of the 1880-1830 Ma Penokean orogen. These investigations have elucidated major changes in the structure of the orogen, as compared to its counterparts...
Physical criteria for distinguishing sandy tsunami and storm deposits using modern examples
Robert A. Morton, Guy Gelfenbaum, Bruce E. Jaffe
2007, Sedimentary Geology (200) 184-207
Modern subaerial sand beds deposited by major tsunamis and hurricanes were compared at trench, transect, and sub-regional spatial scales to evaluate which attributes are most useful for distinguishing the two types of deposits. Physical criteria that may be diagnostic include: sediment composition,...
Consistency of L4 TM absolute calibration with respect to the L5 TM sensor based on near-simultaneous image acquisition
G. Chander, D. L. Helder, R. Malla, E. Micijevic, C. J. Mettler
2007, Conference Paper, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
The Landsat archive provides more than 35 years of uninterrupted multispectral remotely sensed data of Earth observations. Since 1972, Landsat missions have carried different types of sensors, from the Return Beam Vidicon (RBV) camera to the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+). However, the Thematic Mapper (TM) sensors on Landsat 4...
The effects of acidic mine drainage from historical mines in the Animas River watershed, San Juan County, Colorado—What is being done and what can be done to improve water quality?
Stanley E. Church, Robert J. Owen, Paul Von Guerard, Philip L. Verplanck, Briant A. Kimball, Douglas B. Yager
2007, Book chapter, Understanding and responding to hazardous substances at mine sites in the western United States
Historical production of metals in the western United States has left a legacy of acidic drainage and toxic metals in many mountain watersheds that are a potential threat to human and ecosystem health. Studies of the effects of historical mining on surface water chemistry and riparian habitat in the Animas...
Glaciers dominate eustatic sea-level rise in the 21st century
Mark Frederick Meier, M.B. Dyurgerov, Ursula K. Rick, William Tad Pfeffer, Suzanne P. Anderson, Andrey F. Glazovsky
2007, Science (317) 1064-1067
Ice loss to the sea currently accounts for virtually all of the sea-level rise that is not attributable to ocean warming, and about 60% of the ice loss is from glaciers and ice caps rather than from the two ice sheets. The contribution of these smaller glaciers has accelerated over...
Biotic and abiotic controls of argentine ant invasion success at local and landscape scales
S.B. Menke, Robert N. Fisher, W. Jetz, D.A. Holway
2007, Ecology (88) 3164-3173
Although the ecological success of introduced species hinges on biotic interactions and physical conditions, few experimental studies - especially on animals - have simultaneously investigated the relative importance of both types of factors. The lack of such research may stem from the common assumption that native and introduced species exhibit...
Characterizing hydraulic conductivity with the direct-push permeameter
J.J. Butler Jr., P. Dietrich, V. Wittig, T. Christy
2007, Ground Water (45) 409-419
The direct-push permeameter (DPP) is a promising approach for obtaining high-resolution information about vertical variations in hydraulic conductivity (K) in shallow unconsolidated settings. This small-diameter tool, which consists of a short screened section with a pair of transducers inset in the tool near the screen, is pushed into the subsurface...
Body size mediated coexistence of consumers competing for resources in space
A. Basset, D.L. Angelis
2007, Oikos (116) 1363-1377
Body size is a major phenotypic trait of individuals that commonly differentiates co-occurring species. We analyzed inter-specific competitive interactions between a large consumer and smaller competitors, whose energetics, selection and giving-up behaviour on identical resource patches scaled with individual body size. The aim was to investigate whether pure metabolic constraints...
Effect of in ovo exposure to an organochlorine mixture extracted from double crested cormorant eggs (Phalacrocorax auritus) and PCB 126 on immune function of juvenile chickens
E.T. Lavoie, F. Wiley, K.A. Grasman, D. E. Tillitt, J.G. Sikarskie, W.W. Bowerman
2007, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (53) 655-661
Organochlorine (OC) contaminants including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and p, p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) have been associated with immune modulation in wild fish-eating birds from the Great Lakes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the immune function of juvenile chickens after in ovo exposure to PCB 126 or an environmentally relevant...
