Modelingevapotranspirationina sub-tropical climate
M.R. Savabi, T.A. Cochrane, E. German, C. Ikiz, N. Cockshutt
2007, Journal of Environmental Hydrology (15) 1-15
Evapotranspiration (ET) loss is estimated at about 80-85% of annual precipitation in South Florida. Accurate prediction of ET is important during and beyond the implementation of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP). In the USDA's Everglades Agro-Hydrology Model (EAHM) the soil water intake is linked with the soil water redistribution,...
Incorporating availability for detection in estimates of bird abundance
Duane R. Diefenbach, M.R. Marshall, J.A. Mattice, D.W. Brauning
2007, The Auk (124) 96-106
Several bird-survey methods have been proposed that provide an estimated detection probability so that bird-count statistics can be used to estimate bird abundance. However, some of these estimators adjust counts of birds observed by the probability that a bird is detected and assume that all birds are available to be...
Prioritizing bottomland hardwood forest sites for protection and augmentation
J. Carter, J. Biagas
2007, Natural Areas Journal (27) 72-82
Bottomland hardwood forest has been greatly diminished by conversion to agriculture. Less than 25% of the pre-Columbian bottomland hardwood forests remain in the southeastern United States. Because of the valuable ecological and hydrological functions performed by these forests, their conservation and restoration has been a high priority. Part of these...
Hydrothermal fluid flow and deformation in large calderas: Inferences from numerical simulations
Shaul Hurwitz, L.B. Christiansen, Paul A. Hsieh
2007, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (112)
[1] Inflation and deflation of large calderas is traditionally interpreted as being induced by volume change of a discrete source embedded in an elastic or viscoelastic half-space, though it has also been suggested that hydrothermal fluids may play a role. To test the latter hypothesis, we...
Wind erodibility of soils at Fort Irwin, California (Mojave Desert), USA, before and after trampling disturbance: Implications for land management
J. Belnap, S. L. Phillips, J. E. Herrick, J.R. Johansen
2007, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (32) 75-84
Recently disturbed and 'control' (i.e. less recently disturbed) soils in the Mojave Desert were compared for their vulnerability to wind erosion, using a wind tunnel, before and after being experimentally trampled. Before trampling, control sites had greater cyanobacterial biomass, soil surface stability, threshold friction velocities (TFV, i.e. the wind speed...
Seismicity associated with the Sumatra-Andaman Islands earthquake of 26 December 2004
J. W. Dewey, G. Choy, B. Presgrave, S. Sipkin, Arthur C. Tarr, H. Benz, P. Earle, D. Wald
2007, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (97)
The U.S. Geological Survey/National Earthquake Information Center (USGS/ NEIC) had computed origins for 5000 earthquakes in the Sumatra-Andaman Islands region in the first 36 weeks after the Sumatra-Andaman Islands mainshock of 26 December 2004. The cataloging of earthquakes of mb (USGS) 5.1 and larger is essentially complete for the time...
Tsunami warnings: Understanding in Hawai'i
Chris E. Gregg, Bruce F. Houghton, Douglas Paton, David M. Johnston, David A. Swanson, B.S. Yanagi
2007, Natural Hazards (40) 71-87
The devastating southeast Asian tsunami of December 26, 2004 has brought home the destructive consequences of coastal hazards in an absence of effective warning systems. Since the 1946 tsunami that destroyed much of Hilo, Hawai‘i, a network of pole mounted sirens has been used to provide an early public...
Mode of occurrence of arsenic in feed coal and its derivative fly ash, Black Warrior Basin, Alabama
R. A. Zielinski, A. L. Foster, G.P. Meeker, I. K. Brownfield
2007, Fuel (86) 560-572
An arsenic-rich (As = 55 ppm) bituminous feed coal from the Black Warrior Basin, Alabama and its derivative fly ash (As = 230 ppm) were selected for detailed investigation of arsenic residence and chemical forms. Analytical techniques included microbeam analysis, selective extraction, and As K-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure (XAFS) spectroscopy....
Heat, chloride, and specific conductance as ground water tracers near streams
M.H. Cox, G.W. Su, J. Constantz
2007, Ground Water (45) 187-195
Commonly measured water quality parameters were compared to heat as tracers of stream water exchange with ground water. Temperature, specific conductance, and chloride were sampled at various frequencies in the stream and adjacent wells over a 2-year period. Strong seasonal variations in stream water...
Assessing small mammal abundance with track-tube indices and mark-recapture population estimates
A.S. Wiewel, William R. Clark, Marsha A. Sovada
2007, Journal of Mammalogy (88) 250-260
We compared track-tube sampling with mark–recapture livetrapping and evaluated a track-tube index, defined as the number of track tubes with identifiable small mammal tracks during a 4-night period, as a predictor of small mammal abundance estimates in North Dakota grasslands. Meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) were the most commonly recorded species...
Chinook salmon use of spawning patches: Relative roles of habitat quality, size, and connectivity
D.J. Isaak, R.F. Thurow, B.E. Rieman, J. B. Dunham
2007, Ecological Applications (17) 352-364
Declines in many native fish populations have led to reassessments of management goals and shifted priorities from consumptive uses to species preservation. As management has shifted, relevant environmental characteristics have evolved from traditional metrics that described local habitat quality to characterizations of habitat size and connectivity. Despite the implications this...
Drag-out effect of piezomagnetic signals due to a borehole: The Mogi source as an example
Y. Sasai, M.J.S. Johnston, Y. Tanaka, R. Mueller, T. Hashimoto, M. Utsugi, S. Sakanaka, M. Uyeshima, J. Zlotnicki, P. Yvetot
2007, Annals of Geophysics (50) 93-104
We show that using borehole measurements in tectonomagnetic experiments allows enhancement of the observed signals. New magnetic dipoles, which vary with stress changes from mechanical sources, are produced on the walls of the borehole. We evaluate such an effect quantitatively. First we formulate a general expression for the borehole effect...
Modeling pesticide fate in a small tidal estuary
A.M. McCarthy, J. D. Bales, W.G. Cope, D. Shea
2007, Ecological Modelling (200) 149-159
The exposure analysis modeling system (EXAMS), a pesticide fate model developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, was modified to model the fate of the herbicides atrazine and metolachlor in a small tidally dominated estuary (Bath Creek) in North Carolina, USA where freshwater inflow accounts for only 3% of the...
Optimal management of non-Markovian biological populations
B. Kenneth Williams
2007, Ecological Modelling (200) 234-242
Wildlife populations typically are described by Markovian models, with population dynamics influenced at each point in time by current but not previous population levels. Considerable work has been done on identifying optimal management strategies under the Markovian assumption. In this paper we generalize this work to non-Markovian systems, for which...
Estimating the amount of eroded section in a partially exhumed basin from geophysical well logs: An example from the North Slope
W. Matthew Burns, Daniel O. Hayba, Elisabeth L. Rowan, David W. Houseknecht
2007, Professional Paper 1732-D
The reconstruction of burial and thermal histories of partially exhumed basins requires an estimation of the amount of erosion that has occurred since the time of maximum burial. We have developed a method for estimating eroded thickness by using porosity-depth trends derived from borehole sonic logs of wells in the...
Insights into the use of time-lapse GPR data as observations for inverse multiphase flow simulations of DNAPL migration
R.H. Johnson, E. P. Poeter
2007, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology (89) 136-155
Perchloroethylene (PCE) saturations determined from GPR surveys were used as observations for inversion of multiphase flow simulations of a PCE injection experiment (Borden 9??m cell), allowing for the estimation of optimal bulk intrinsic permeability values. The resulting fit statistics and analysis of residuals (observed minus simulated PCE saturations) were used...
Time-independent and time-dependent seismic hazard assessment for the state of California: Uniform California earthquake rupture forecast model 1.0
M.D. Petersen, T. Cao, K.W. Campbell, A.D. Frankel
2007, Seismological Research Letters (78) 99-109
[No abstract available]...
Multiobjective analysis of a public wellfield using artificial neural networks
E.A. Coppola Jr., F. Szidarovszky, D. Davis, S. Spayd, M.M. Poulton, E. Roman
2007, Ground Water (45) 53-61
As competition for increasingly scarce ground water resources grows, many decision makers may come to rely upon rigorous multiobjective techniques to help identify appropriate and defensible policies, particularly when disparate stakeholder groups are involved. In this study, decision analysis was conducted on a public water supply wellfield to balance water...
Management of fluid mud in estuaries, bays, and lakes. II: Measurement, modeling, and management
W.H. McAnally, A. Teeter, David H. Schoellhamer, C. Friedrichs, D. Hamilton, E. Hayter, P. Shrestha, H. Rodriguez, A. Sheremet, R. Kirby
2007, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering (133) 23-38
Techniques for measurement, modeling, and management of fluid mud are available, but research is needed to improve them. Fluid mud can be difficult to detect, measure, or sample, which has led to new instruments and new ways of using existing instruments. Multifrequency acoustic fathometers sense neither density...
A comparison of four geophysical methods for determining the shear wave velocity of soils
N. Anderson, T. Thitimakorn, A. Ismail, D. Hoffman
2007, Environmental & Engineering Geoscience (13) 11-23
The Missouri Department of Transportation (MoDOT) routinely acquires seismic cone penetrometer (SCPT) shear wave velocity control as part of the routine investigation of soils within the Mississippi Embayment. In an effort to ensure their geotechnical investigations are as effective and efficient as possible, the SCPT tool and several available alternatives...
Short-term disruption of a leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) biocontrol program following herbicide application
D.L. Larson, J.B. Grace, P.A. Rabie, P. Andersen
2007, Biological Control (40) 1-8
Integrated pest management (IPM) for invasive plant species is being advocated by researchers and implemented by land managers, but few studies have evaluated the success of IPM programs in natural areas. We assessed the relative effects of components of an IPM program for leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula), an invasive plant,...
Avifaunal responses to fire in southwestern montane forests along a burn severity gradient
N.B. Kotliar, P.L. Kennedy, K. Ferree
2007, Ecological Applications (17) 491-507
The effects of burn severity on avian communities are poorly understood, yet this information is crucial to fire management programs. To quantify avian response patterns along a burn severity gradient, we sampled 49 random plots (2001-2002) at the 17 351-ha Cerro Grande Fire (2000) in New Mexico, USA. Additionally, pre-fire...
Hydrology and Flood Profiles of Duck Creek and Jordan Creek Downstream from Egan Drive, Juneau, Alaska
Janet H. Curran
2007, Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5323
Hydrologic and hydraulic updates for Duck Creek and the lower part of Jordan Creek in Juneau, Alaska, included computation of new estimates of peak streamflow magnitudes and new water-surface profiles for the 10-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year floods. Computations for the 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, 100-, 200-, and 500-year...
Chronology of Miocene-Pliocene deposits at Split Mountain Gorge, Southern California: A record of regional tectonics and Colorado River evolution
R.J. Dorsey, A. Fluette, K. McDougall, B.A. Housen, S. U. Janecke, G.J. Axen, C.R. Shirvell
2007, Geology (35) 57-60
Late Miocene to early Pliocene deposit at Split Mountain Gorge, California, preserve a record of basinal response to changes in regional tectonics, paleogeography, and evolution of the Colorado River. The base of the Elephant Trees Formation, magnetostratigraphically dated as 8.1 ?? 0.4 Ma, provides the earliest well-dated record of extension...
Toward a transport-based analysis of nutrient spiraling and uptake in streams
Robert L. Runkel
2007, Limnology and Oceanography: Methods (5) 50-62
Nutrient addition experiments are designed to study the cycling of nutrients in stream ecosystems where hydrologic and nonhydrologic processes determine nutrient fate. Because of the importance of hydrologic processes in stream ecosystems, a conceptual model known as nutrient spiraling is frequently employed. A central part of the nutrient spiraling approach...
