Zaphrentis and the Zaphrentidae (Devonian; anthozoa, rugosa)
W. A. Oliver Jr.
2007, Bulletins of American Paleontology (2007) 5-24
Zaphrentis is one of the most widely used names in Paleozoic coral paleontology. Species of "Zaphrentis" have been named from every Paleozoic System except the Cambrian. Variants of the word, such as zaphrentoid, are widely used with varied meanings. Nomenclatural spinoffs are numerous: Neozaphrentis and Heterophrentis are obvious examples, but...
Using a coupled eco-hydrodynamic model to predict habitat for target species following dam removal
C.A. Tomsic, T.C. Granata, R.P. Murphy, C.J. Livchak
2007, Ecological Engineering (30) 215-230
A habitat suitability index (HSI) model was developed for a water quality sensitive fish (Greater Redhorse) and macroinvertebrate (Plecoptera) species to determine the restoration success of the St. John Dam removal for the Sandusky River (Ohio). An ArcGIS?? model was created for pre- and post-dam removal scenarios. Inputs to the...
Cultural diversity, economic development and societal instability
D. Nettle, J.B. Grace, M. Choisy, H.V. Cornell, J.-F. Guegan, M.E. Hochberg
2007, PLoS ONE (2)
Background. Social scientists have suggested that cultural diversity in a nation leads to societal instability. However, societal instability may be affected not only by within-nation on ?? diversity, but also diversity between a nation and its neighbours or ?? diversity. It is also necessary to distinguish different domains of diversity,...
Bioenergetic and pharmacokinetic model for exposure of common loon (Gavia immer) chicks to methylmercury
W. H. Karasov, K.P. Kenow, M.W. Meyer, F. Fournier
2007, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (26) 677-685
A bioenergetics model was used to predict food intake of common loon (Gavia immer) chicks as a function of body mass during development, and a pharmacokinetics model, based on first-order kinetics in a single compartment, was used to predict blood Hg level as a function of food intake rate, food...
A closer look at water-related geologic activity on Mars
Alfred S. McEwen, C.J. Hansen, W.A. Delamere, E. M. Eliason, Kenneth E. Herkenhoff, Laszlo P. Keszthelyi, V. C. Gulick, Randolph L. Kirk, M. T. Mellon, J. A. Grant, N. Thomas, C.M. Weitz, S. W. Squyres, N.T. Bridges, S.L. Murchie, F. Seelos, K. Seelos, C.H. Okubo, M.P. Milazzo, L.L. Tornabene, W.L. Jaeger, S. Byrne, P.S. Russell, J.L. Griffes, S. Martinez-Alonso, A. Davatzes, F. C. Chuang, B.J. Thomson, K.E. Fishbaugh, C. M. Dundas, K.J. Kolb, M. E. Banks, J.J. Wray
2007, Science (317) 1706-1709
Water has supposedly marked the surface of Mars and produced characteristic landforms. To understand the history of water on Mars, we take a close look at key locations with the High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, reaching fine spatial scales of 25 to 32 centimeters per...
Effects of earlier sea ice breakup on survival and population size of polar bears in western Hudson Bay
E.V. Regehr, N.J. Lunn, Steven C. Amstrup, I. Stirling
2007, Journal of Wildlife Management (71) 2673-2683
Some of the most pronounced ecological responses to climatic warming are expected to occur in polar marine regions, where temperature increases have been the greatest and sea ice provides a sensitive mechanism by which climatic conditions affect sympagic (i.e., with ice) species. Population-level effects of climatic change, however, remain difficult...
Role of burning season on initial understory vegetation response to prescribed fire in a mixed conifer forest
E. E. Knapp, D.W. Schwilk, J.M. Kane, Jon E. Keeley
2007, Canadian Journal of Forest Research (37) 11-22
Although the majority of fires in the western United States historically occurred during the late summer or early fall when fuels were dry and plants were dormant or nearly so, early-season prescribed burns are often ignited when fuels are still moist and plants are actively growing. The purpose of this...
High-resolution sequence stratigraphy of lower Paleozoic sheet sandstones in central North America: The role of special conditions of cratonic interiors in development of stratal architecture
Anthony C. Runkel, J.F. Miller, R.M. McKay, A. R. Palmer, John F. Taylor
2007, Geological Society of America Bulletin (119) 860-881
Well-known difficulties in applying sequence stratigraphic concepts to deposits that accumulated across slowly subsiding cratonic interior regions have limited our ability to interpret the history of continental-scale tectonism, oceanographic dynamics of epeiric seas, and eustasy. We used a multi-disciplinary approach to construct a high-resolution stratigraphic framework for lower Paleozoic strata...
Flux and age of dissolved organic carbon exported to the Arctic Ocean: A carbon isotopic study of the five largest arctic rivers
P.A. Raymond, J.W. McClelland, R.M. Holmes, A.V. Zhulidov, K. Mull, B. J. Peterson, Robert G. Striegl, G. R. Aiken, T.Y. Gurtovaya
2007, Global Biogeochemical Cycles (21)
The export and Δ14C-age of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was determined for the Yenisey, Lena, Ob', Mackenzie, and Yukon rivers for 2004–2005. Concentrations of DOC elevate significantly with increasing discharge in these rivers, causing approximately 60% of the annual export to occur during a 2-month period following spring ice breakup....
Fracture control of ground water flow and water chemistry in a rock aquitard
T.T. Eaton, Marilyn P. Anderson, K. R. Bradbury
2007, Ground Water (45) 601-615
There are few studies on the hydrogeology of sedimentary rock aquitards although they are important controls in regional ground water flow systems. We formulate and test a three-dimensional (3D) conceptual model of ground water flow and hydrochemistry in a fractured sedimentary rock aquitard to show that flow dynamics within the...
Modeled impact of anthropogenic land cover change on climate
K.L. Findell, E. Shevliakova, P. C. D. Milly, R.J. Stouffer
2007, Journal of Climate (20) 3621-3634
Equilibrium experiments with the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's climate model are used to investigate the impact of anthropogenic land cover change on climate. Regions of altered land cover include large portions of Europe, India, eastern China, and the eastern United States. Smaller areas of change are present in various tropical...
The USGS national geothermal resource assessment: An update
C.F. Williams, M.J. Reed, S.P. Galanis Jr., J. DeAngelo
2007, Conference Paper, Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council
The U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) is working with the Department of Energy's (DOE) Geothermal Technologies Program and other geothermal organizations on a three-year effort to produce an updated assessment of available geothermal resources. The new assessment will introduce significant changes in the models for geothermal energy recovery factors, estimates...
The relationship between tree growth patterns and likelihood of mortality: A study of two tree species in the Sierra Nevada
A.J. Das, J. J. Battles, N.L. Stephenson, P. J. van Mantgem
2007, Canadian Journal of Forest Research (37) 580-597
We examined mortality of Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. (white fir) and Pinus lambertiana Dougl. (sugar pine) by developing logistic models using three growth indices obtained from tree rings: average growth, growth trend, and count of abrupt growth declines. For P. lambertiana, models with average growth, growth trend, and count...
Developing methods to assess and predict the population level effects of environmental contaminants.
J.M. Emlen, K.R. Springman
2007, Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management (3) 157-165
The field of ecological toxicity seems largely to have drifted away from what its title implies--assessing and predicting the ecological consequences of environmental contaminants--moving instead toward an emphasis on individual effects and physiologic case studies. This paper elucidates how a relatively new ecological methodology, interaction assessment (INTASS), could be useful...
Rare-earth elements in the Permian Phosphoria formation: Paleo proxies of ocean geochemistry
D.Z. Piper, R.B. Perkins, H.D. Rowe
2007, Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography (54) 1396-1413
The geochemistry of deposition of the Meade Peak Member of the Phosphoria Formation (MPM) in southeast Idaho, USA, a world-class sedimentary phosphate deposit of Permian age that extends over 300,000 km2, is ascertained from its rare earth element (REE) composition. Ratios of REE:Al2O3 suggest two sources—seawater and terrigenous debris. The seawater-derived marine...
Vertical spatial sensitivity and exploration depth of low-induction-number electromagnetic-induction instruments
J.B. Callegary, T.P.A. Ferre, R.W. Groom
2007, Vadose Zone Journal (6) 158-167
Vertical spatial sensitivity and effective depth of exploration (d e) of low-induction-number (LIN) instruments over a layered soil were evaluated using a complete numerical solution to Maxwell's equations. Previous studies using approximate mathematical solutions predicted a vertical spatial sensitivity for instruments operating under LIN conditions that, for a given transmitter-receiver...
Spatial correlation of shear-wave velocity in the San Francisco Bay Area sediments
E.M. Thompson, L.G. Baise, R. E. Kayen
2007, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (27) 144-152
Ground motions recorded within sedimentary basins are variable over short distances. One important cause of the variability is that local soil properties are variable at all scales. Regional hazard maps developed for predicting site effects are generally derived from maps of surficial...
Estimating biomass of submersed vegetation using a simple rake sampling technique
K.P. Kenow, J.E. Lyon, R. K. Hines, A. Elfessi
2007, Hydrobiologia (575) 447-454
We evaluated the use of a simple rake sampling technique for predicting the biomass of submersed aquatic vegetation. Vegetation sampled from impounded areas of the Mississippi River using a rake sampling technique, was compared with vegetation harvested from 0.33-m2 quadrats. The resulting data were used to model the relationship between...
Scaling field data to calibrate and validate moderate spatial resolution remote sensing models
A. Baccini, M. A. Friedl, C. E. Woodcock, Z. Zhu
2007, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (73) 945-954
Validation and calibration are essential components of nearly all remote sensing-based studies. In both cases, ground measurements are collected and then related to the remote sensing observations or model results. In many situations, and particularly in studies that use moderate resolution remote sensing, a mismatch exists between the sensor’s field...
Multibeam observations of mine burial near Clearwater, FL, including comparisons to predictions of wave-induced burial
M.L. Wolfson, D. F. Naar, P.A. Howd, S. D. Locker, B.T. Donahue, Carl T. Friedrichs, A.C. Trembanis, M. D. Richardson, T.F. Wever
2007, IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering (32) 103-118
A Kongsberg Simrad EM 3000 multibeam sonar (Kongsberg Simrad, Kongsberg, Norway) was used to conduct a set of six repeat high-resolution bathymetric surveys west of Indian Rocks Beach (IRB), just to the south of Clearwater, FL, between January and March 2003, to observe in situ scour and burial of instrumented...
Geologic framework of the long bay inner shelf: implications for coastal evolution in South Carolina
W. Barnhardt, J. Denny, W. Baldwin, W. Schwab, R. Morton, P. Gayes, N. Driscoll
2007, Conference Paper, Coastal Sediments '07 - Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes
The inner continental shelf off northern South Carolina is a sediment-limited environment characterized by extensive hardground areas, where coastal plain strata and ancient channel-fill deposits are exposed at the sea floor. Holocene sand is concentrated in large shoals associated with active tidal inlets, an isolated shore-detached sand body, and a...
Annual modulation of seismicity along the San Andreas Fault near Parkfield, CA
L.B. Christiansen, Shaul Hurwitz, Steven E. Ingebritsen
2007, Geophysical Research Letters (34)
We analyze seismic data from the San Andreas Fault (SAF) near Parkfield, California, to test for annual modulation in seismicity rates. We use statistical analyses to show that seismicity is modulated with an annual period in the creeping section of the fault and a semiannual period in the locked section...
Large-scale scour of the sea floor and the effect of natural armouring processes, land reclamation Maasvlakte 2, port of Rotterdam
S. Boer, E. Elias, S. Aarninkhof, D. Roelvink, T. Vellinga
2007, Conference Paper, Coastal Sediments '07 - Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes
Morphological model computations based on uniform (non-graded) sediment revealed an unrealistically strong scour of the sea floor in the immediate vicinity to the west of Maasvlakte 2. By means of a state-of-the-art graded sediment transport model the effect of natural armouring and sorting of bed material on the scour process...
The geochemistry of pesticides
Jack E. Barbash
2007, Book chapter, Treatise on geochemistry
The mid-1970s marked a major turning point in human history, for it was at that moment that the ability of the Earth’s ecosystems to absorb most of the biological impacts of human activities appears to have been exceeded by the magnitude of those impacts. This conclusion is based partly upon...
Habitat selection of Rocky Mountain elk in a nonforested environment
H. Sawyer, R. M. Nielson, F.G. Lindzey, L. Keith, J.H. Powell, A.A. Abraham
2007, Journal of Wildlife Management (71) 868-874
Recent expansions by Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus) into nonforested habitats across the Intermountain West have required managers to reconsider the traditional paradigms of forage and cover as they relate to managing elk and their habitats. We examined seasonal habitat selection patterns of a hunted elk population in a nonforested...
