New isotopic evidence for the origin of groundwater from the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer in the Negev, Israel
A. Vengosh, S. Hening, J. Ganor, B. Mayer, C.E. Weyhenmeyer, T.D. Bullen, A. Paytan
2007, Applied Geochemistry (22) 1052-1073
The geochemistry and isotopic composition (H, O, S, Osulfate, C, Sr) of groundwater from the Nubian Sandstone (Kurnub Group) aquifer in the Negev, Israel, were investigated in an attempt to reconstruct the origin of the water and solutes, evaluate modes of water–rock interactions, and determine mean residence times of the...
Balancing data sharing requirements for analyses with data sensitivity
C. S. Jarnevich, J.J. Graham, G.J. Newman, A.W. Crall, T.J. Stohlgren
2007, Biological Invasions (9) 597-599
Data sensitivity can pose a formidable barrier to data sharing. Knowledge of species current distributions from data sharing is critical for the creation of watch lists and an early warning/rapid response system and for model generation for the spread of invasive species. We have created an on-line system to synthesize...
Bora event variability and the role of air-sea feedback
J. Pullen, J.D. Doyle, T. Haack, C. Dorman, R. P. Signell, C.M. Lee
2007, Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans (112)
A two-way interacting high resolution numerical simulation of the Adriatic Sea using the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) and Coupled Ocean/ Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS??) was conducted to improve forecast momentum and heat flux fields, and to evaluate surface flux field differences for two consecutive bora events during February...
Ecological gradients within a Pennsylvanian mire forest
William A. DiMichele, H. J. Falcon-Lang, W.J. Nelson, S.D. Elrick, P.R. Ames
2007, Geology (35) 415-418
Pennsylvanian coals represent remains of the earliest peat-forming rain forests, but there is no current consensus on forest ecology. Localized studies of fossil forests suggest intermixture of taxa (heterogeneity), while, in contrast, coal ball and palynological analyses imply the existence of pronounced ecological gradients. Here, we report the discovery of...
Sensitivity of high-frequency Rayleigh-wave data revisited
J. Xia, R. D. Miller, J. Ivanov
2007, Conference Paper, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts
Rayleigh-wave phase velocity of a layered earth model is a function of frequency and four groups of earth properties: P-wave velocity, S-wave velocity (Vs), density, and thickness of layers. Analysis of the Jacobian matrix (or the difference method) provides a measure of dispersion curve sensitivity to earth properties. Vs is...
Tsunami warnings: Understanding in Hawai'i
Chris E. Gregg, Bruce F. Houghton, Douglas Paton, David M. Johnston, David A. Swanson, B.S. Yanagi
2007, Natural Hazards (40) 71-87
The devastating southeast Asian tsunami of December 26, 2004 has brought home the destructive consequences of coastal hazards in an absence of effective warning systems. Since the 1946 tsunami that destroyed much of Hilo, Hawai‘i, a network of pole mounted sirens has been used to provide an early public...
Suboxic deep seawater in the late Paleoproterozoic: Evidence from hematitic chert and iron formation related to seafloor-hydrothermal sulfide deposits, central Arizona, USA
J. F. Slack, Tor Grenne, A. Bekker, O.J. Rouxel, P. A. Lindberg
2007, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (255) 243-256
A current model for the evolution of Proterozoic deep seawater composition involves a change from anoxic sulfide-free to sulfidic conditions 1.8??Ga. In an earlier model the deep ocean became oxic at that time. Both models are based on the secular distribution of banded iron formation (BIF) in shallow marine sequences....
Origin of halite brine in the Onondaga Trough near Syracuse, New York State, USA: Modeling geochemistry and variable-density flow
Richard M. Yager, William M. Kappel, Niel Plummer
2007, Hydrogeology Journal (15) 1321-1339
Halite brine (saturation ranging from 45 to 80%) lies within glacial sediments that fill the Onondaga Trough, a bedrock valley deepened by Pleistocene glaciation near Syracuse, New York State, USA. The most concentrated brine occupies the northern end of the trough, about 10 km downgradient of the northern limit of...
Seasonal variations in modern speleothem calcite growth in Central Texas, U.S.A
J.L. Banner, A. Guilfoyle, E.W. James, L.A. Stern, M. Musgrove
2007, Journal of Sedimentary Research (77) 615-622
Variations in growth rates of speleothem calcite have been hypothesized to reflect changes in a range of paleoenvironmental variables, including atmospheric temperature and precipitation, drip-water composition, and the rate of soil CO2 delivery to the subsurface. To test these hypotheses, we quantified growth rates of modern speleothem calcite on artificial...
S-33 constraints on the seawater sulfate contribution in modern seafloor hydrothermal vent sulfides
Shuhei Ono, Wayne C. Shanks III, O.J. Rouxel, D. Rumble
2007, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (71) 1170-1182
Sulfide sulfur in mid-oceanic ridge hydrothermal vents is derived from leaching of basaltic-sulfide and seawater-derived sulfate that is reduced during high temperature water rock interaction. Conventional sulfur isotope studies, however, are inconclusive about the mass-balance between the two sources because 34S/32S ratios of vent fluid H2S and chimney sulfide minerals...
Plio-Pleistocene climatic transition and the lifting of the Teton Range, Wyoming
E. B. Leopold, Gaisheng Liu, J. D. Love, D.W. Love
2007, Quaternary Research (67) 1-11
Fine-grained lacustrine, riverine and ash-fall sediments of the Shooting Iron Formation, whose late Pliocene age is established by Blancan gastropods and vertebrates, yield a pollen flora that is essentially similar in composition to the modern pollen rain in the Jackson Hole area. The Pliocene assemblage suggests a climate like that...
Surface temperature patterns in complex terrain: Daily variations and long-term change in the central Sierra Nevada, California
J.D. Lundquist, D.R. Cayan
2007, Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres (112)
A realistic description of how temperatures vary with elevation is crucial for ecosystem studies and for models of basin-scale snowmelt and spring streamflow. This paper explores surface temperature variability using temperature data from an array of 37 sensors, called the Yosemite network, which traverses both slopes of the Sierra Nevada...
Genetic characterization of Common Eiders breeding in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska
Sarah A. Sonsthagen, Sandra L. Talbot, Kevin G. McCracken
2007, The Condor (109) 878-893
We assessed population genetic subdivision among four colonies of Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima v-nigrum) breeding in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (YKD), Alaska, using microsatellite genotypes and DNA sequences with differing modes of inheritance. Significant, albeit low, levels of genetic differentiation were observed between mainland populations and Kigigak Island for nuclear intron lamin A...
Mapping moderate-scale land-cover over very large geographic areas within a collaborative framework: A case study of the Southwest Regional Gap Analysis Project (SWReGAP)
J. Lowry, R.D. Ramsey, K. Thomas, D. Schrupp, T. Sajwaj, J. Kirby, E. Waller, S. Schrader, S. Falzarano, L. Langs, G. Manis, C. Wallace, K. Schulz, P. Comer, K. Pohs, W. Rieth, C. Velasquez, B. Wolk, W. Kepner, K. Boykin, L. O’Brien, D. Bradford, B. Thompson, J. Prior-Magee
2007, Remote Sensing of Environment (108) 59-73
Land-cover mapping efforts within the USGS Gap Analysis Program have traditionally been state-centered; each state having the responsibility of implementing a project design for the geographic area within their state boundaries. The Southwest Regional Gap Analysis Project (SWReGAP) was the first formal GAP project designed at a regional, multi-state scale....
Simulation of submarine groundwater discharge salinity and temperature variations: Implications for remote detection
A.M. Dausman, C.D. Langevin, M.C. Sukop
2007, Conference Paper, IAHS-AISH Publication
A hydrological analysis using a numerical simulation was done to identify the transient response of the salinity and temperature of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and utilize the results to guide data collection. Results indicate that the amount of SGD fluctuates depending on the ocean stage and geology, with the greatest...
Arsenic attenuation by oxidized aquifer sediments in Bangladesh
Kenneth G. Stollenwerk, George N. Breit, Alan H. Welch, James C. Yount, John W. Whitney, Andrea L. Foster, M.N. Uddin, R.K. Majumder, N. Ahmed
2007, Science of the Total Environment (379) 133-150
Recognition of arsenic (As) contamination of shallow fluvio-deltaic aquifers in the Bengal Basin has resulted in increasing exploitation of groundwater from deeper aquifers that generally contain low concentrations of dissolved As. Pumping-induced infiltration of high-As groundwater could eventually cause As concentrations in these aquifers to increase. This study investigates the...
Aerial population estimates of wild horses (Equus caballus) in the adobe town and salt wells creek herd management areas using an integrated simultaneous double-count and sightability bias correction technique
Bruce C. Lubow, Jason I. Ransom
2007, Open-File Report 2007-1274
An aerial survey technique combining simultaneous double-count and sightability bias correction methodologies was used to estimate the population of wild horses inhabiting Adobe Town and Salt Wells Creek Herd Management Areas, Wyoming. Based on 5 surveys over 4 years, we conclude that the technique produced estimates consistent with the known...
Passive aerobic treatment of net-alkaline, iron-laden drainage from a flooded underground anthracite mine, Pennsylvania, USA
C.A. Cravotta III
2007, Mine Water and the Environment (26) 128-149
This report evaluates the results of a continuous 4.5-day laboratory aeration experiment and the first year of passive, aerobic treatment of abandoned mine drainage (AMD) from a typical flooded underground anthracite mine in eastern Pennsylvania, USA. During 1991-2006, the AMD source, locally known as the Otto Discharge, had flows from...
Minimizing noise in fiberglass aquaculture tanks: Noise reduction potential of various retrofits
J. Davidson, A.S. Frankel, W.T. Ellison, S. Summerfelt, A.N. Popper, P. Mazik, J. Bebak
2007, Aquacultural Engineering (37) 125-131
Equipment used in intensive aquaculture systems, such as pumps and blowers can produce underwater sound levels and frequencies within the range of fish hearing. The impacts of underwater noise on fish are not well known, but limited research suggests that subjecting fish to noise could result in impairment of the...
Controls on the variability of net infiltration to desert sandstone
Victor M. Heilweil, Tim S. McKinney, Michael S. Zhdanov, Dennis E. Watt
2007, Water Resources Research (43)
As populations grow in arid climates and desert bedrock aquifers are increasingly targeted for future development, understanding and quantifying the spatial variability of net infiltration becomes critically important for accurately inventorying water resources and mapping contamination vulnerability. This paper presents a conceptual model of net infiltration to desert sandstone and...
A simulation-based approach for estimating premining water quality: Red Mountain Creek, Colorado
Robert L. Runkel, Briant A Kimball, Katherine Walton-Day, Philip L. Verplanck
2007, Applied Geochemistry (22) 1899-1918
Regulatory agencies are often charged with the task of setting site-specific numeric water quality standards for impaired streams. This task is particularly difficult for streams draining highly mineralized watersheds with past mining activity. Baseline water quality data obtained prior to mining are often non-existent and application of generic water quality...
The instantaneous rate dependence in low temperature laboratory rock friction and rock deformation experiments
N.M. Beeler, T.E. Tullis, A. K. Kronenberg, L.A. Reinen
2007, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (112)
[1] Earthquake occurrence probabilities that account for stress transfer and time-dependent failure depend on the product of the effective normal stress and a lab-derived dimensionless coefficient a. This coefficient describes the instantaneous dependence of fault strength on deformation rate, and determines the duration of precursory slip....
Paleoearthquakes on the southern San Andreas Fault, Wrightwood, California, 3000 to 1500 B.C.: A new method for evaluating paleoseismic evidence and earthquake horizons
K.M. Scharer, R.J. Weldon II, T. E. Fumal, G. P. Biasi
2007, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (97) 1054-1093
We present evidence of 11–14 earthquakes that occurred between 3000 and 1500 b.c. on the San Andreas fault at the Wrightwood paleoseismic site. Earthquake evidence is presented in a novel form in which we rank (high, moderate, poor, or low) the quality of all...
Spectral element modelling of fault-plane reflections arising from fluid pressure distributions
M. Haney, R. Snieder, J.-P. Ampuero, R. Hofmann
2007, Geophysical Journal International (170) 933-951
The presence of fault-plane reflections in seismic images, besides indicating the locations of faults, offers a possible source of information on the properties of these poorly understood zones. To better understand the physical mechanism giving rise to fault-plane reflections in compacting sedimentary basins, we numerically model the full elastic wavefield...
Food web structure in exotic and native mangroves: A Hawaii-Puerto Rico comparison
A. W.J. Demopoulos, B. Fry, C. R. Smith
2007, Oecologia (153) 675-686
Plant invasions can fundamentally alter detrital inputs and the structure of detritus-based food webs. We examined the detrital pathways in mangrove food webs in native (Puerto Rican) and introduced (Hawaiian) Rhizophora mangle forests using a dual isotope approach and a mixing model. Based on trophic-level fractionation of 0-1??? for ??...
