Origin of discontinuities in coal-bearing strata at roaring creek (basal Pennsylvanian of Indiana)
W.J. Nelson, Donald L. Eggert, William A. DiMichele, A.C. Stecyk
1985, International Journal of Coal Geology (4) 355-370
Basal Pennsylvanian coal-bearing strata exposed along Roaring Creek, west-central Indiana, exhibit extreme lateral discontinuity. Coal seams abruptly change in thickness and elevation; they split, grade into shale, are cut out by channels and disrupted by soft-sediment deformational structures. Initial sediments were...
Dissolution of barite for the analysis of strontium isotopes and other chemical and isotopic variations using aqueous sodium carbonate
G. N. Breit, E.C. Simmons, M. B. Goldhaber
1985, Chemical Geology: Isotope Geoscience Section (52) 333-336
A simple procedure for preparing barite samples for chemical and isotopic analysis is described. Sulfate ion, in barite, in the presence of high concentrations of aqueous sodium carbonate, is replaced by carbonate. This replacement forms insoluble carbonates with the cations commonly in barite: Ba, Sr, Ca and Pb. Sulfate is...
More on the alleged 1970 geomagnetic jerk
L.R. Alldredge
1985, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors (39) 255-264
French and United Kingdom workers have published reports describing a sudden change in the secular acceleration, called an impulse or a jerk, which took place around 1970. They claim that this change took place in a period of a year or two and that the sources of the alleged jerk...
Upper Wisconsinan submarine end moraines off Cape Ann, Massachusetts
R. N. Oldale
1985, Quaternary Research (24) 187-196
Seismic profiles across the southwest end of Jeffreys Ledge, a bathymetric high north of Cape Ann, Massachusetts, reveal two end moraines. The moraines overlie upper Wisconsinan glacialmarine silty clay and are composed mostly of subaqueous ice-contact deposits and outwash. They were formed below sea level in water depths of as...
New approach to calibrating bed load samplers
D. W. Hubbell, H.H. Stevens, J. V. Skinner, J.P. Beverage
1985, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering (111) 677-694
Cyclic variations in bed load discharge at a point, which are an inherent part of the process of bed load movement, complicate calibration of bed load samplers and preclude the use of average rates to define sampling efficiencies. Calibration curves, rather than efficiencies, are derived by two independent methods using...
In situ calibration of a high-resolution gamma-ray borehole sonde for assaying uranium-bearing sandstone deposits
J.H. Day Jr.
1985, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment (234) 205-211
A method is presented for assaying radioactive sandstone deposits in situ by using a high-resolution borehole gamma-ray spectrometer. Gamma-ray photopeaks from the same spectrum acquired to analyze a sample are used to characterize gamma-ray attenuation properties, from which a calibration function is determined. Assay results are independent of differences between...
EEZ-SCAN: A U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY SEA-FLOOR IMAGING PROGRAM USING THE GLORIA SIDE-SCAN SONAR SYSTEM.
Gary W. Hill
1985, Conference Paper, Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping
The U. S. Geological Survey initiated Program EEZ-SCAN in April 1984 in cooperation with the Institute of Oceanographic Sciences (IOS) of the United Kingdom to map the U. S. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) at reconnaissance scale as a first effort to develop a geologic understanding of the new national territory....
TRENDS IN BOREHOLE GEOPHYSICS FOR MINERAL EXPLORATION: ASSAYING AND REMOTE DETECTION.
Jeffrey J. Daniels
1985, Conference Paper, Preprint - Society of Mining Engineers of AIME
Several borehole geophysical techniques have been developed in recent years. Assaying technique development has been concentrated on nuclear methods, with some progress being made on using electrical and magnetic properties for mineral identification. Adaptation of conventional surface geophysical techniques to the borehole for locating near-misses of mineralized zones has led...
SOLVING THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL DIFFUSION FLOW MODEL.
T. V. Hromadka II, Chintu Lai
1985, Conference Paper
A simplification of the two-dimensional (2-D) continuity and momentum equations is the diffusion equation. To investigate its capability, the numerical model using the diffusion approach is applied to a hypothetical failure problem of a regional water reservoir. The model is based on an explicit, integrated finite-difference scheme, and the floodplain...
NUMERICAL MODELING OF FINE SEDIMENT PHYSICAL PROCESSES.
David H. Schoellhamer
1985, Conference Paper
Fine sediment in channels, rivers, estuaries, and coastal waters undergo several physical processes including flocculation, floc disruption, deposition, bed consolidation, and resuspension. This paper presents a conceptual model and reviews mathematical models of these physical processes. Several general fine sediment models that simulate some of these processes are reviewed. These...
Instability model for recurring large and great earthquakes in southern California
W.D. Stuart
1985, Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH (122) 793-811
The locked section of the San Andreas fault in southern California has experienced a number of large and great earthquakes in the past, and thus is expected to have more in the future. To estimate the location, time, and slip of the next few earthquakes, an earthquake instability model is...
DATA ACQUISITION AND APPLICATIONS OF SIDE-LOOKING AIRBORNE RADAR IN THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.
John Edwin Jones, Allan N. Kover
1985, Conference Paper, Technical Papers of the American Society of Photogrammetry, Annual Meeting
The Side-Looking Airborne Radar (SLAR) program encompasses a multi-discipline effort involving geologists, hydrologists, engineers, geographers, and cartographers of the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS). Since the program began in 1980, more than 520,000 square miles of aerial coverage of SLAR data in the conterminous United States and Alaska have been...
Mineral, chemical and textural relationships in rhythmic-bedded, hydrocarbon-productive chalk of the Niobrara Formation, Denver Basin, Colorado ( USA).
R. M. Pollastro, C.J. Martinez
1985, Mountain Geologist (22) 55-63
The types of hydrocarbons produced from these chalks are determined by the level of thermal maturity associated with present-day burial or paleoburial conditions. Detailed analyses of deeply-buried chalk from core of the Smoky Hill Chalk Member of the Niobrara Formation in the Champlin Petroleum 2 Boxelder Farms well combined with...
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR REGRESSION MODELING OF GROUND-WATER FLOW.
Richard L. Cooley
1985, Conference Paper
The author examines the uses of ground-water flow models and which classes of use require treatment of stochastic components. He then compares traditional and stochastic procedures for modeling actual (as distinguished from hypothetical) systems. Finally, he examines the conceptual basis and characteristics of the regression approach to modeling ground-water flow....
Anomalous hydrogen emissions from the San Andreas fault observed at the Cienega Winery, central California
M. Sato, A. J. Sutton, K.A. McGee
1985, Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH (122) 376-391
We began continuous monitoring of H2 concentration in soil along the San Andreas and Calaveras faults in central California in December 1980, using small H2/O2 fuel-cell sensors. Ten monitoring stations deployed to date have shown that anomalous H2 emissions take place occasionally in addition to diurnal changes. Among the ten...
Application of the 1:2,000,000-scale data base: A National Atlas sectional prototype
Donna M. Dixon
1985, Conference Paper, Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping
A study of the potential to produce a National Atlas sectional prototype from the 1:2,000,000-scale data base was concluded recently by the National Mapping Division, U. S. Geological Survey. This paper discusses the specific digital cartographic production procedures involved in the preparation of the prototype map, as well as the...
The age and origin of felsic intrusions of the Thetford Mines ophiolite, Quebec
D.A. Clague, C.S. Frankel, J.S. Eaby
1985, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (22) 1257-1261
The Thetford Mines ophiolite in southern Quebec was obducted in Early Ordovician time during the closing of the proto-Atlantic. The tectonized peridotite lower unit of the ophiolite is intruded by felsic dikes and pods including isolated lenses of massive rodingite, small bodies of strongly deformed diorite, and younger, less deformed...
QUALITY ASSURANCE OF U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-QUALITY FIELD MEASUREMENTS.
D. E. Erdmann, J.D. Thomas
1985, Conference Paper, ASTM Special Technical Publication
Reference samples are submitted semiannually to field analysts for measurement of these parameters with the same techniques and instruments used in the field. Both the personnel and the instruments involved in making the determinations are recorded. When the data are complete, a report defining the quality of the analytical results...
Quantification of transit losses, and its effects on surface-water resources, Arkansas River basin, Colorado
Russell K. Livingston
1985, Conference Paper
Colorado Water Law enables downstream water users to use natural river channels to convey water from upstream storage reservoirs to downstream canals, provided an equitable charge is made for transit loss. Charging a variable transit-loss rate for delivery of winter water stored in Pueblo Reservoir has resulted in better management...
Adsorption and desorption of hexavalent chromium in an alluvial aquifer near Telluride, Colorado
Kenneth G. Stollenwerk, D.B. Grove
1985, Journal of Environmental Quality (14) 150-155
A laboratory investigation of reactions between hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] and alluvium was conducted to evaluate reactions of Cr(VI) contaminating an alluvial aquifer near Telluride, CO and to determine the mechanisms responsible for these reactions. Uncontaminated alluvium and groundwater (spiked with CrO42−) from the study site were used...
Partitioning studies of coal-tar constituents in a two-phase contaminated ground-water system
Colleen E. Rostad, W. E. Pereira, M. F. Hult
1985, Chemosphere (14) 1023-1036
Organic compounds derived from coal-tar wastes in a contaminated aquifer in St. Louis Park, Minnesota, were identified, and their partition coefficients between the tar phase and aqueous phase were determined and compared with the corresponding n-octanol/water partition coefficients. Coal tar contains numerous polycyclic aromatic compounds, many of which are suspected...
Quaternary sedimentation in Shelikof Strait, Alaska
Monty A. Hampton
1985, Marine Geology (62) 213-253
Shelikof Strait, a nearly parallel-sided marine channel between the Kodiak Island group and the Alaska Peninsula, has experienced a succession of distinct sedimentary environments during Quaternary time. Pleistocene glaciers carved a deep basin into bedrock in the southwest part of the strait and a shallower platform surface with incised channels...
A heat-flow reconnaissance of southeastern Alaska
J.H. Sass, L.A. Lawver, R. J. Munroe
1985, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (22) 416-421
Heat flow was measured at nine sites in crystalline and sedimentary rocks of southeastern Alaska. Seven of the sites, located between 115 and 155 km landward of the Queen Charlotte – Fairweather transform fault, have an average heat flow of 59 ± 6 mW m−2. This value is significantly higher than the mean of 42 mW m−2 in...
SIMULATING FLOW IN THE TIDAL POTOMAC RIVER.
Raymond W. Schaffranek
1985, Conference Paper
A one-dimensional unsteady flow model has been applied to the tidal Potomac River, including its major tributaries and marginal embayments, between Washington, D. C. and Indian Head, Md. The computer model has been calibrated to simulate the combined effects of tide, freshwater inflows, and wind conditions governing flow in the...
TRANSIENT SOUNDING INVESTIGATION OF NEWBERRY VOLCANO, OREGON.
David V. Fitterman, Deborah K. Neev
1985, Conference Paper, Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council
Transient electromagnetic soundings were used to map the geoelectrical structure of Newberry Volcano in central Oregon. An extensive conductor was found to underlie the volcano and to have resistivities from 20 OMEGA m to 72 OMEGA m. The depth to the conductor ranges from 410 m to 870 m. Inside...
