Detecting declines in the abundance of a bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) population: Understanding the accuracy, precision, and costs of our efforts
R. Al-Chokhachy, P. Budy, M. Conner
2009, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (66) 649-658
Using empirical field data for bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), we evaluated the trade-off between power and sampling effort-cost using Monte Carlo simulations of commonly collected mark-recapture-resight and count data, and we estimated the power to detect changes in abundance across different time intervals. We also evaluated the effects of monitoring...
The role of ridge subduction in determining the geochemistry and Nd–Sr–Pb isotopic evolution of the Kodiak batholith in southern Alaska
Robert A. Ayuso, Peter J. Haeussler, Dwight Bradley, David W. Farris, Nora K. Foley, Gregory A. Wandless
2009, Tectonophysics (464) 137-163
The Paleocene Kodiak batholith, part of the Sanak–Baranof belt of Tertiary near-trench intrusive rocks, forms an elongate body (~ 150 km long) that transects Kodiak Island from SW to NE. The batholith consists of three zones (Southern, Central, and Northern) of kyanite-, muscovite-, and garnet-bearing biotite tonalite and granodiorite and less abundant...
Soot and palynologic analysis of Manson impact-related strata (Upper Cretaceous) of Iowa and South Dakota, USA
D.J. Varricchio, R.F. Raven, W.S. Wolbach, W.C. Elsik, B.J. Witzke
2009, Cretaceous Research (30) 127-134
The Campanian Manson impact structure of Iowa represents the best-preserved, large-diameter complex crater within the continental U.S. To assess the timing and potential mode of crater infilling and the possible presence of an impact event horizon, we analyzed samples from both within and distal to the impact structure for their...
Channel responses to varying sediment input: A flume experiment modeled after Redwood Creek, California
Mary Ann Madej, D.G. Sutherland, T.E. Lisle, B. Pryor
2009, Geomorphology (103) 507-519
At the reach scale, a channel adjusts to sediment supply and flow through mutual interactions among channel form, bed particle size, and flow dynamics that govern river bed mobility. Sediment can impair the beneficial uses of a river, but the timescales for studying recovery following high sediment loading in the...
Effects of chemical immobilization on survival of African buffalo in the Kruger National Park
W.C. Oosthuizen, P.C. Cross, J.A. Bowers, C. Hay, M.R. Ebinger, P. Buss, M. Hofmeyr, E.Z. Cameron
2009, Journal of Wildlife Management (73) 149-153
Capturing, immobilizing, and fitting radiocollars are common practices in studies of large mammals, but success is based on the assumptions that captured animals are representative of the rest of the population and that the capture procedure has negligible effects. We estimated effects of chemical immobilization on mortality rates of African...
Potential effects of environmental contaminants on P450 aromatase activity and DNA damage in swallows from the Rio Grande and Somerville, Texas
M.A. Sitzlar, M.A. Mora, J.G.W. Fleming, F.W. Bazer, J. W. Bickham, C. W. Matson
2009, Ecotoxicology (18) 15-21
Cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) and cave swallows (P. fulva) were sampled during the breeding season at several locations in the Rio Grande, Texas, to evaluate the potential effects of environmental contaminants on P450 aromatase activity in brain and gonads and DNA damage in blood cells. The tritiated water-release aromatase assay...
Nitrate removal in stream ecosystems measured by 15N addition experiments: Total uptake
R. O. Hall Jr., J. L. Tank, D. J. Sobota, P. J. Mulholland, J. M. O’Brien, W. K. Dodds, J.R. Webster, H. M. Valett, G. C. Poole, B. J. Peterson, J.L. Meyer, W. H. McDowell, S. L. Johnson, S. K. Hamilton, N. B. Grimm, S.V. Gregory, Clifford N. Dahm, L. W. Cooper, L. R. Ashkenas, S. M. Thomas, R.W. Sheibley, J. D. Potter, B.R. Niederlehner, L. T. Johnson, A. M. Helton, C.M. Crenshaw, A. J. Burgin, M. J. Bernot, J. J. Beaulieu, C.P. Arangob
2009, Limnology and Oceanography (54) 653-665
We measured uptake length of 15NO-3 in 72 streams in eight regions across the United States and Puerto Rico to develop quantitative predictive models on controls of NO-3 uptake length. As part of the Lotic Intersite Nitrogen eXperiment II project, we chose nine streams in each region corresponding to natural...
Models of pure CO2 and pure CH4 adsorption on the late paleozoic coals from the Kailuan Coalfield, Hebei, China
S. Dai, B. Zhang, S. Peng, X. Zhang, C. Chou
2009, Acta Geologica Sinica (83) 731-737
Isothermal adsorption experiments of pure CO2 and CH4 on different coals in rank (the No. 11 Coal from the Linnancang Mine and the No. 9 Coal from the Majiagou Mine) from the Kailuan Coalfield of Hebei Province, China, have been studied. Four different models (Langmuir, BET, D-R, and D-A) were...
Removal of organic wastewater contaminants in septic systems using advanced treatment technologies
J.D. Wilcox, J.M. Bahr, C.J. Hedman, J.D.C. Hemming, M.A.E. Barman, K. R. Bradbury
2009, Journal of Environmental Quality (38) 149-156
The detection of pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs) in ground water and surface-water bodies has raised concerns about the possible ecological impacts of these compounds on nontarget organisms. On-site wastewater treatment systems represent a potentially significant route of entry for organic contaminants to the environment. In this study,...
Regression models for explaining and predicting concentrations of organochlorine pesticides in fish from streams in the United States
Lisa H. Nowell, Charles G. Crawford, Robert J. Gilliom, Naomi Nakagaki, Wesley W. Stone, Gail Thelin, David M. Wolock
2009, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (28) 1346-1358
Empirical regression models were developed for estimating concentrations of dieldrin, total chlordane, and total DDT in whole fish from U.S. streams. Models were based on pesticide concentrations measured in whole fish at 648 stream sites nationwide (1992-2001) as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment Program. Explanatory...
Peptide synthesis in early earth hydrothermal systems
K.H. Lemke, R.J. Rosenbauer, D.K. Bird
2009, Astrobiology (9) 141-146
We report here results from experiments and thermodynamic calculations that demonstrate a rapid, temperature-enhanced synthesis of oligopeptides from the condensation of aqueous glycine. Experiments were conducted in custom-made hydrothermal reactors, and organic compounds were characterized with ultraviolet-visible procedures. A comparison of peptide yields at 260??C with those obtained at more...
Effect of removal of hesperis matronalis (Dame's rocket) on species cover of forest understory vegetation in NW indiana
N.B. Pavlovic, S. A. Leicht-Young, K.J. Frohnapple, R. Grundel
2009, American Midland Naturalist (161) 165-176
Exotic invasive plant species differ in their effects on indigenous vegetation as evidenced by research evaluating community response to their removal. We used a removal approach to quantify the response of a mesic woodland to the removal versus retention of an invasive plant, Hesperis matronalis (dame's rocket) from paired treatment...
A mass balance mercury budget for a mine-dominated lake: Clear Lake, California
T.H. Suchanek, J. Cooke, K. Keller, S. Jorgensen, P.J. Richerson, Collin A. Eagles-Smith, E.J. Harner, D.P. Adam
2009, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution (196) 51-73
The Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine (SBMM), active intermittently from 1873–1957 and now a USEPA Superfund site, was previously estimated to have contributed at least 100 metric tons (105 kg) of mercury (Hg) into the Clear Lake aquatic ecosystem. We have confirmed this minimum estimate. To better quantify the contribution of the...
Tsunami exposure estimation with land-cover data: Oregon and the Cascadia subduction zone
N. Wood
2009, Applied Geography (29) 158-170
A Cascadia subduction-zone earthquake has the potential to generate tsunami waves which would impact more than 1000 km of coastline on the west coast of the United States and Canada. Although the predictable extent of tsunami inundation is similar for low-lying land throughout the region, human use of tsunami-prone land...
Macroinvertebrates as indicators of fish absence in naturally fishless lakes
Emily Gaenzle Schilling, C.S. Loftin, Alexander D. Huryn
2009, Freshwater Biology (54) 181-202
1. Little is known about native communities in naturally fishless lakes in eastern North America, a region where fish stocking has led to a decline in these habitats. 2. Our study objectives were to: (i) characterise and compare macroinvertebrate communities in fishless lakes found in two biophysical regions of Maine...
Sex assignment of lake sturgeon (Acipenser fluvescens) based on plasma sex hormone and vitellogenin levels
J.M. Craig, D. M. Papoulias, M.V. Thomas, M.L. Annis, J. Boase
2009, Conference Paper, Journal of Applied Ichthyology
This study focused on identifying the sex of lake sturgeon by measuring the sex hormones estradiol and testosterone, and the phosphoprotein vitellogenin (Vtg) in blood plasma by radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively, and evaluating these techniques as tools in lake sturgeon population management. Surveys of the St Clair River...
Saturn's Titan: Surface change, ammonia, and implications for atmospheric and tectonic activity
R.M. Nelson, L.W. Kamp, D. L. Matson, P.G.J. Irwin, K. H. Baines, M.D. Boryta, F.E. Leader, R. Jaumann, W. D. Smythe, Christophe Sotin, R. N. Clark, D. P. Cruikshank, P. Drossart, J.C. Pearl, B.W. Hapke, J. Lunine, M. Combes, G. Bellucci, J.-P. Bibring, F. Capaccioni, P. Cerroni, A. Coradini, V. Formisano, G. Filacchione, R.Y. Langevin, T. B. McCord, V. Mennella, P. D. Nicholson, B. Sicardy
2009, Icarus (199) 429-441
Titan is known to have a young surface. Here we present evidence from the Cassini Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer that it is currently geologically active. We report that changes in the near-infrared reflectance of a 73,000 km2 area on Titan (latitude 26° S, longitude 78° W) occurred between July 2004...
Impacts of weathered tire debris on the development of Rana sylvatica larvae
K.M. Camponelli, R.E. Casey, J.W. Snodgrass, S.M. Lev, E. R. Landa
2009, Chemosphere (74) 717-722
Highway runoff has the potential to negatively impact receiving systems including stormwater retention ponds where highway particulate matter can accumulate following runoff events. Tire wear particles, which contain about 1% Zn by mass, make up approximately one-third of the vehicle derived particulates in highway runoff and therefore may serve as...
The speciation of aqueous zinc(II) bromide solutions to 500 °C and 900 MPa determined using Raman spectroscopy
Kenji Mibe, I-Ming Chou, Alan J. Anderson, Robert A. Mayanovic, William A. Bassett
2009, Chemical Geology (259) 48-53
A Raman spectral study was carried out on 3 solutions of varying concentration and bromide/zinc ratios. Spectra were collected at 11 different temperature-pressure conditions ranging from ambient to 500????C-0.9??GPa. Raman band assignments for zinc(II) bromide species reported in previous studies were used to determine the relative concentrations of ZnBr42-, ZnBr3-,...
Wastewater effluent, combined sewer overflows, and other sources of organic compounds to Lake Champlain
P. Phillips, A. Chalmers
2009, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (45) 45-57
Abstract: Some sources of organic wastewater compounds (OWCs) to streams, lakes, and estuaries, including wastewater‐treatment‐plant effluent, have been well documented, but other sources, particularly wet‐weather discharges from combined‐sewer‐overflow (CSO) and urban runoff, may also be major sources of OWCs. Samples of wastewater‐treatment‐plant (WWTP) effluent, CSO effluent, urban...
Unconventional energy resources: 2007-2008 review
Peter D. Warwick, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Energy Minerals Division
2009, Natural Resources Research (18) 65-83
This paper summarizes five 2007–2008 resource commodity committee reports prepared by the Energy Minerals Division (EMD) of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists. Current United States and global research and development activities related to gas hydrates, gas shales, geothermal resources, oil sands, and uranium resources are included in this review....
NMR imaging of fluid exchange between macropores and matrix in eogenetic karst
L.J. Florea, K.J. Cunningham, S. Altobelli
2009, Ground Water (47) 382-390
Sequential time-step images acquired using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) show the displacement of deuterated water (D2O) by fresh water within two limestone samples characterized by a porous and permeable limestone matrix of peloids and ooids. These samples were selected because they have a macropore system representative of some parts of...
A global map of rainfed cropland areas (GMRCA) at the end of last millennium using remote sensing
C.M. Biradar, P.S. Thenkabail, P. Noojipady, Y. Li, V. Dheeravath, H. Turral, M. Velpuri, M.K. Gumma, O.R.P. Gangalakunta, X.L. Cai, X. Xiao, M.A. Schull, R.D. Alankara, S. Gunasinghe, S. Mohideen
2009, International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation (11) 114-129
The overarching goal of this study was to produce a global map of rainfed cropland areas (GMRCA) and calculate country-by-country rainfed area statistics using remote sensing data. A suite of spatial datasets, methods and protocols for mapping GMRCA were described. These consist of: (a) data fusion and composition of multi-resolution...
Hydrologic connectivity between landscapes and streams: Transferring reach‐ and plot‐scale understanding to the catchment scale
Kelsey G. Jencso, Brian L. McGlynn, Michael N. Gooseff, Steven M. Wondzell, Kenneth E. Bencala, Lucy A. Marshall
2009, Water Resources Research (45)
The relationship between catchment structure and runoff characteristics is poorly understood. In steep headwater catchments with shallow soils the accumulation of hillslope area (upslope accumulated area (UAA)) is a hypothesized first‐order control on the distribution of soil water and groundwater. Hillslope‐riparian water table connectivity represents the linkage between the dominant...
Mitochondrial DNA evolution in the Anaxyrus boreas species group
A.M. Goebel, T.A. Ranker, P.S. Corn, R.G. Olmstead
2009, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (50) 209-225
The Anaxyrus boreas species group currently comprises four species in western North America including the broadly distributed A. boreas, and three localized species, Anaxyrus nelsoni, Anaxyrus exsul and Anaxyrus canorus. Phylogenetic analyses of the mtDNA 12S rDNA, cytochrome oxidase I, control region, and restriction sites data, identified three major haplotype...
