Surficial geology of the sea floor in west-central Long Island Sound as shown by sidescan-sonar imagery
K.Y. McMullen, L.J. Poppe, M. L. DiGiacomo-Cohen, M. S. Moser, E. B. Christman
2005, Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences (27) 60-70
We used sidescan-sonar imagery detailing almost 300 km2 of the sea floor in west-central Long Island Sound in conjunction with bathymetry, sediment samples, bottom video, and seismic data to interpret the area's surficial geology. The distribution of sediments and sedimentary environments interpreted from these data sets represents the Quaternary geology,...
Unexpected dominance of parent-material strontium in a tropical forest on highly weathered soils
Carleton R. Bern, Alan R. Townsend, G. Lang Farmer
2005, Ecology (86) 626-632
Controls over nutrient supply are key to understanding the structure and functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. Conceptual models once held that in situ mineral weathering was the primary long-term control over the availability of many plant nutrients, including the base cations calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K). Recent evidence has...
Is there a cost to resprouting? Seedling growth rate and drought tolerance in sprouting and nonsprouting Ceanothus (Rhamnaceae)
D.W. Schwilk, D. D. Ackerly
2005, American Journal of Botany (92) 404-410
Many woody plant species that depend upon fire-cued seed germination lack the ability to resprout. As the ability to resprout is widely assumed to be the ancestral condition in most plant groups, the failure to sprout is an evolutionary derived trait. Models for the evolutionary loss of sprouting assume a...
Tidal and seasonal effects on transport of pink shrimp postlarvae
Maria M. Criales, Jingyuan Wang, Joan A. Browder, M. B. Robblee
2005, Marine Ecology Progress Series (286) 231-238
Transport simulations were conducted to investigate a large seasonal peak in postlarvae of the pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus duorarum that occurs every summer on the northwestern border of Florida Bay. Daily vertical migration, a known behavior in pink shrimp postlarvae, was assumed in all scenarios investigated. A Lagrangian trajectory model was...
Thiamine and thiaminase status in forage fish of salmonines from Lake Michigan
D. E. Tillitt, J.L. Zajicek, S.B. Brown, L. R. Brown, J.D. Fitzsimons, D. C. Honeyfield, M.E. Holey, G.M. Wright
2005, Journal of Aquatic Animal Health (17) 13-25
Dietary sources of thiamine (vitamin B1) and thiamine-degrading enzymes (thiaminases) are thought to be primary factors in the development of thiamine deficiency among Great Lakes salmonines. We surveyed major forage fish species in Lake Michigan for their content of thiamine, thiamine vitamers, and thiaminase activity. Concentrations of total thiamine were...
Linking the scales of observation, process, and modeling of dust emissions
K.E. Kohfeld, R. L. Reynolds, J.D. Pelletier, B. Nickling
2005, Conference Paper, Eos
[No abstract available]...
A model for wave control on coral breakage and species distribution in the Hawaiian Islands
C. D. Storlazzi, E.K. Brown, M.E. Field, K. Rodgers, P. L. Jokiel
2005, Coral Reefs (24) 43-55
The fringing reef off southern Molokai, Hawaii, is currently being studied as part of a multi-disciplinary project led by the US Geological Survey. As part of this study, modeling and field observations were utilized to help understand the physical controls on reef morphology and the distribution of different coral species....
Magnitude and location of historical earthquakes in Japan and implications for the 1855 Ansei Edo earthquake
W. H. Bakun
2005, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (110) 1-22
Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) intensity assignments IJMA are used to derive intensity attenuation models suitable for estimating the location and an intensity magnitude Mjma for historical earthquakes in Japan. The intensity for shallow crustal earthquakes on Honshu is equal to -1.89 + 1.42MJMA - 0.00887?? h - 1.66log??h, where MJMA...
Influence of climatic variability on local population dynamics of a Sonoran Desert platyopuntia
Janice E. Bowers
2005, Journal of Arid Environments (61) 193-210
Age-based population dynamics of Opuntia engelmannii, a shrubby cactus with flattened cladodes, were investigated at a Sonoran Desert site protected from grazing since 1907. Demographic statistics were determined from births and deaths on six permanent vegetation plots mapped four times between 1968 and 2001. Moderate longevity (13-56 years) and modest...
Estimating soil hydraulic parameters from transient flow experiments in a centrifuge using parameter optimization technique
Jirka Simunek, John R. Nimmo
2005, Water Resources Research (41)
A modified version of the Hydrus software package that can directly or inversely simulate water flow in a transient centrifugal field is presented. The inverse solver for parameter estimation of the soil hydraulic parameters is then applied to multirotation transient flow experiments in a centrifuge. Using time‐variable water contents measured...
A simulation of the hydrothermal response to the Chesapeake Bay bolide impact
W. E. Sanford
2005, Geofluids (5) 185-201
Groundwater more saline than seawater has been discovered in the tsunami breccia of the Chesapeake Bay impact Crater. One hypothesis for the origin of this brine is that it may be a liquid residual following steam separation in a hydrothermal system that evolved following the impact. Initial scoping calculations have...
A microphysically-based approach to modeling emissivity and albedo of the martian seasonal caps
Janusz Eluszkiewicz, Jean-Luc Moncet, Timothy N. Titus, Gary B. Hansen
2005, Icarus (174) 524-534
A new model of albedo and emissivity of the martian seasonal caps represented as porous CO2 slabs containing spherical voids and dust particles is described. In the model, a radiative transfer model is coupled with a microphysical model in order to link changes in albedo and emissivity to changes in...
Orientation of three-component geophones in the San Andreas Fault observatory at depth Pilot Hole, Parkfield, California
V. Oye, W.L. Ellsworth
2005, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (95) 751-758
To identify and constrain the target zone for the planned SAFOD Main Hole through the San Andreas Fault (SAF) near Parkfield, California, a 32-level three-component (3C) geophone string was installed in the Pilot Hole (PH) to monitor and improve the locations of nearby earthquakes. The orientation of the 3C geophones...
1-D/3-D geologic model of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin
D.K. Higley, M. Henry, L. N. R. Roberts, D.W. Steinshouer
2005, Mountain Geologist (42) 53-66
The 3-D geologic model of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin comprises 18 stacked intervals from the base of the Devonian Woodbend Group and age equivalent formations to ground surface; it includes an estimated thickness of eroded sediments based on 1-D burial history reconstructions for 33 wells across the study area....
Bioeconomic analysis of selected conservation practices on soil erosion and freshwater fisheries
John Westra, J. K. H. Zimmerman, Bruce C. Vondracek
2005, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (41) 309-322
Farmers can generate environmental benefits (improved water quality and fisheries and wildlife habitat), but they may not be able to quantify them. Furthermore, farmers may reduce their incomes from managing lands to produce these positive externalities but receive little monetary compensation in return. This study simulated the relationship between agricultural...
Generation and validation of characteristic spectra from EO1 Hyperion image data for detecting the occurrence of the invasive species, Chinese tallow
Elijah W. Ramsey III, A. Rangoonwala, G. Nelson, R. Ehrlich, K. Martella
2005, International Journal of Remote Sensing (26) 1611-1636
Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera) is an invasive tree that is spreading throughout the south-eastern United States and now into the west, and in many places causing extensive change to native habitat and associated wildlife. Detecting and mapping the relative distribution of this species is important to its control and eradication....
Probabilistic liquefaction triggering based on the cone penetration test
R.E.S. Moss, R.B. Seed, R. E. Kayen, J.P. Stewart, K. Tokimatsu
2005, Conference Paper, Geotechnical Special Publication
Performance-based earthquake engineering requires a probabilistic treatment of potential failure modes in order to accurately quantify the overall stability of the system. This paper is a summary of the application portions of the probabilistic liquefaction triggering correlations proposed recently proposed by Moss and co-workers. To enable probabilistic treatment of liquefaction...
Life history trade-offs and community dynamics of small fishes in a seasonally pulsed wetland
D.L. DeAngelis, J.C. Trexler, W.F. Loftus
2005, Conference Paper, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
We used a one-dimensional, spatially explicit model to simulate the community of small fishes in the freshwater wetlands of southern Florida, USA. The seasonality of rainfall in these wetlands causes annual fluctuations in the amount of flooded area. We modeled fish populations that differed from each other only in efficiency...
The seasonal cycle of diabatic heat storage in the Pacific Ocean
Warren B. White, D.R. Cayan, P.P. Niiler, J. Moisan, G. Lagerloef, F. Bonjean, D. Legler
2005, Progress in Oceanography (64) 1-29
This study quantifies uncertainties in closing the seasonal cycle of diabatic heat storage (DHS) over the Pacific Ocean from 20??S to 60??N through the synthesis of World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) reanalysis products from 1993 to 1999. These products are DHS from Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO); near-surface geostrophic and...
Strong ground motion in the Taipei basin from the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake
Joe B. Fletcher, K.-L. Wen
2005, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (95) 1428-1446
The Taipei basin, located in northwest Taiwan about 160 km from the epicenter of the Chi-Chi earthquake, is a shallow, triangular-shaped basin filled with low-velocity fluvial deposits. There is a strong velocity contrast across the basement interface of about 600 m/sec at a depth of about 600-700 m in the...
Single-pass versus two-pass boat electrofishing for characterizing river fish assemblages: Species richness estimates and sampling distance
M. R. Meador
2005, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (134) 59-67
Determining adequate sampling effort for characterizing fish assemblage structure in nonwadeable rivers remains a critical issue in river biomonitoring. Two-pass boat electrofishing data collected from 500-1,000-m-long river reaches as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program were analyzed to assess the efficacy of single-pass boat electrofishing....
Radiation pattern of a borehole radar antenna
K.J. Ellefsen, D.L. Wright
2005, Geophysics (70) K1-K11
The finite-difference time-domain method was used to simulate radar waves that were generated by a transmitting antenna inside a borehole. The simulations were of four different models that included features such as a water-filled borehole and an antenna with resistive loading. For each model, radiation patterns for the far-field region...
Geometry and kinematics of Late Cretaceous inversion structures in the Jiuquan Basin, western China
B. Wang, Chen Hao, S. Yang, A. Xiao, X. Cheng, J.A. Rupp
2005, Cretaceous Research (26) 319-327
Late Cretaceous inversion structures, which are significant for oil and gas accumulation, are widely distributed throughout the Jiuquan Basin. These structures are primarily made up of inverted faults and fault-related folds. Most of the axial planes of folds are parallel to inverted faults trending north-east, indicating that the principal stress...
A whole image approach using field measurements for transforming EO1 Hyperion hyperspectral data into canopy reflectance spectra
Elijah W. Ramsey III, G. Nelson
2005, International Journal of Remote Sensing (26) 1589-1610
To maximize the spectral distinctiveness (information) of the canopy reflectance, an atmospheric correction strategy was implemented to provide accurate estimates of the intrinsic reflectance from the Earth Observing 1 (EO1) satellite Hyperion sensor signal. In rendering the canopy reflectance, an estimate of optical depth derived from a measurement of downwelling...
Remotely triggered earthquakes following moderate mainshocks (or, why California is not falling into the ocean)
Susan E. Hough
2005, Seismological Research Letters (76) 58-66
On several occasions in recent memory California has experienced apparent clusters of earthquake activity that are too far apart to be considered related according to a classic taxonomy that includes foreshocks, mainshocks, and aftershocks. During a week-long period in July 1986, California experienced the M 6.0 North Palm Springs earthquake,...
