Frustules to fragments, diatoms to dust: How degradation of microfossil shape and microstructures can teach us how ice sheets work
R.P. Scherer, C.M. Sjunneskog, M.R. Iverson, T.S. Hooyer
2005, Conference Paper, Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
In a laboratory experiment we investigated micro- and nanoscale changes in fossil diatom valves and in the texture of diatomaceous sediments that result from ice sheet overburden and subglacial shearing. Our experiment included compression and shearing of Antarctic diatom-rich sediments in a ring shear device and comparison of experimental samples...
Improved prediction of octanol-water partition coefficients from liquid-solute water solubilities and molar volumes
C. T. Chiou, D.W. Schmedding, M. Manes
2005, Environmental Science & Technology (39) 8840-8846
A volume-fraction-based solvent−water partition model for dilute solutes, in which the partition coefficient shows a dependence on solute molar volume ( ), is adapted to predict the octanol−water partition coefficient (Kow) from the liquid or supercooled-liquid solute water solubility (Sw), or vice versa. The established correlation is...
Volcanic-ash hazard to aviation during the 2003-2004 eruptive activity of Anatahan volcano, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
M. Guffanti, J.W. Ewert, G.M. Gallina, G.J.S. Bluth, G.L. Swanson
2005, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (146) 241-255
Within the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), Anatahan is one of nine active subaerial volcanoes that pose hazards to major air-traffic routes from airborne volcanic ash. The 2003-2004 eruptive activity of Anatahan volcano affected the region's aviation operations for 3 days in May 2003. On the first day...
Iterative use of the Bruggeman-Hanai-Sen mixing model to determine water saturations in sand
R.H. Johnson, E. P. Poeter
2005, Geophysics (70)
The accuracy of the Bruggeman-Hanai-Sen (BHS) mixing model has been previously demonstrated for two-material mixtures during BHS model development. Using permittivities determined from modeling ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data, the BHS model has been iteratively applied to three-material mixtures of water, sand, and a dense, nonaqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL). However, the accuracy...
Taking apart the Big Pine fault: Redefining a major structural feature in southern California
N.W. Onderdonk, S.A. Minor, K.S. Kellogg
2005, Tectonics (24)
New mapping along the Big Pine fault trend in southern California indicates that this structural alignment is actually three separate faults, which exhibit different geometries, slip histories, and senses of offset since Miocene time. The easternmost fault, along the north side of Lockwood Valley, exhibits left-lateral reverse Quaternary displacement but...
Multispectral imaging contributions to global land ice measurements from space
J.S. Kargel, M. J. Abrams, M.P. Bishop, A. Bush, G. Hamilton, H. Jiskoot, Andreas Kaab, H. H. Kieffer, E.M. Lee, F. Paul, F. Rau, B. Raup, J.F. Shroder, D. Soltesz, D. Stainforth, L. Stearns, R. Wessels
2005, Remote Sensing of Environment (99) 187-219
Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) is an international consortium established to acquire satellite images of the world's glaciers, analyse them for glacier extent and changes, and assess change data for causes and implications for people and the environment. Although GLIMS is making use of multiple remote-sensing systems, ASTER...
Earthquake fracture energy inferred from kinematic rupture models on extended faults
E. Tinti, P. Spudich, M. Cocco
2005, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (110) 1-25
We estimate fracture energy on extended faults for several recent earthquakes by retrieving dynamic traction evolution at each point on the fault plane from slip history imaged by inverting ground motion waveforms. We define the breakdown work (Wb) as the excess of work over some minimum traction level achieved during...
Foraging location and site fidelity of the Double-crested Cormorant on Oneida Lake, New York
J.T.H. Coleman, M. E. Richmond, L. G. Rudstam, P.M. Mattison
2005, Waterbirds (28) 498-510
We studied the foraging behavior of the Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) on Oneida Lake, New York, by monitoring the activities of 27 radio-tagged birds in July and August of 1999 and 2000. A total of 224 locations were obtained of cormorants actively diving, and presumed foraging, at the time of...
Undersea landslides: Extent and significance in the Pacific Ocean, an update
H.J. Lee
2005, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences (5) 877-892
Submarine landslides are known to occur disproportionately in a limited number of environments including fjords, deltas, canyons, volcanic islands and the open continental slope. An evaluation of the progress that has been made in understanding Pacific Ocean submarine landslides over the last 15 years shows that mapping technologies have improved...
Modeling and measuring the nocturnal drainage flow in a high-elevation, subalpine forest with complex terrain
C. Yi, Russell K. Monson, Z. Zhai, D.E. Anderson, B. Lamb, G. Allwine, A.A. Turnipseed, Sean P. Burns
2005, Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres (110) 1-13
The nocturnal drainage flow of air causes significant uncertainty in ecosystem CO2, H2O, and energy budgets determined with the eddy covariance measurement approach. In this study, we examined the magnitude, nature, and dynamics of the nocturnal drainage flow in a subalpine forest ecosystem with complex terrain. We used an experimental...
Geologic controls of subdivision damage near Denver, Colorado
D.C. Noe
2005, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering (131) 1080-1096
This case study investigates the geologic controls on damaging ground deformations in a residential subdivision near Denver, Colo. Moderate to severe damage has occurred in certain areas where linear, parallel heave features with up to 0.3 in (1 ft) of differential displacement have formed across roads and under houses. Other...
Young (late Amazonian), near-surface, ground ice features near the equator, Athabasca Valles, Mars
D.M. Burr, R.J. Soare, Bun Tseung J.-M. Wan, J.P. Emery
2005, Icarus (178) 56-73
A suite of four feature types in a ???20 km2 area near 10?? N, 204?? W in Athabasca Valles is interpreted to have resulted from near-surface ground ice. These features include mounds, conical forms with rimmed summit depressions, flatter irregularly-shaped forms with raised rims, and polygonal terrain. Based on morphology,...
δ30Si systematics in a granitic saprolite, Puerto Rico
Karen Ziegler, Oliver A. Chadwick, Arthur F. White, Mark A. Brzezinski
2005, Geology (33) 817-820
Granite weathering and clay mineral formation impart distinct and interpretable stable Si isotope (δ30Si) signatures to their solid and aqueous products. Within a saprolite, clay minerals have δ30Si values ∼2.0‰ more negative than their parent mineral and the δ30Si signature of the bulk solid is determined by the ratio of...
The stability and Raman spectra of ikaite, CaCO3·6H2O, at high pressure and temperature
Anat Shahar, William A. Bassett, Ho-kwang Mao, I-Ming Chou, Wendy Mao
2005, American Mineralogist (90) 1835-1839
Raman analyses of single crystals of ikaite, CaCO3·6H2O, synthesized in a diamond-anvil cell at ambient temperature yield spectra from 0.14 to 4.08 GPa; the most intense peaks are at 228 and 1081 cm−1 corresponding to Eg(external) and A1g (internal) modes of vibrations in CO2− 3 ions, respectively. These are in good agreement with Raman spectra previously...
A new method to compute standard-weight equations that reduces length-related bias
K.G. Gerow, R. C. Anderson-Sprecher, W.A. Hubert
2005, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (25) 1288-1300
We propose a new method for developing standard-weight (Ws) equations for use in the computation of relative weight (Wr) because the regression line-percentile (RLP) method often leads to length-related biases in Ws equations. We studied the structural properties of W s equations developed by the RLP method through simulations, identified...
Hydrologic changes in urban streams and their ecological significance
C.P. Konrad, D. B. Booth
2005, American Fisheries Society Symposium (2005) 157-177
Urban development modifies the production and delivery of runoff to streams and the resulting rate, volume, and timing of streamflow. Given that streamflow demonstrably influences the structure and composition of lotic communities, we have identified four hydrologic changes resulting from urban development that are potentially significant to stream ecosystems: increased...
Evaluating water management strategies with the Systems Impact Assessment Model: SIAM version 4
John M. Bartholow, John Heasley, Blair Hanna, Jeff Sandelin, Marshall Flug, Sharon Campbell, Jim Henriksen, Aaron Douglas
2005, Open-File Report 2003-82
Water from many of California's coastal rivers has been used for a wide variety of development ventures, including major agricultural diversions, hydropower generation, and contaminant assimilation from industry, agriculture and logging. Anthropogenic impacts often degrade water quality and decrease the quantity and quality of aquatic habitat. Reallocating streamflow away from...
Evaluation of geohydrologic framework, recharge estimates and ground-water flow of the Joshua Tree area, San Bernardino County, California
Tracy Nishikawa, John A. Izbicki, Joseph A. Hevesi, Christina L. Stamos, Peter Martin
2005, Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5267
Ground water historically has been the sole source of water supply for the community of Joshua Tree in the Joshua Tree ground-water subbasin of the Morongo ground-water basin in the southern Mojave Desert. The Joshua Basin Water District (JBWD) supplies water to the community from the underlying Joshua Tree ground-water...
Water flow and nutrient flux from five estuarine rivers along the southwest coast of the Everglades National Park, Florida, 1997-2001
V.A. Levesque
2004, Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5142
Discharge and nutrient fluxes for five tidally affected streams were monitored and evaluated as a part of the U.S. Geological Survey Place-Based Studies Initiative and the U.S. Department of the Interior Critical Ecosystem Studies Initiative. Locations on Lostmans Creek, and Broad, Harney, Shark, and North Rivers were selected using the...
Surface-Water and Ground-Water Interactions in the Central Everglades, Florida
Judson W. Harvey, Jessica T. Newlin, James M. Krest, Jungyill Choi, Eric A. Nemeth, Steven L. Krupa
2004, Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5069
Recharge and discharge are hydrological processes that cause Everglades surface water to be exchanged for subsurface water in the peat soil and the underlying sand and limestone aquifer. These interactions are thought to be important to water budgets, water quality, and ecology in the Everglades. Nonetheless, relatively few studies of...
Physical habitat dynamics in four side-channel chutes, lower Missouri River
Robert B. Jacobson, Harold E. Johnson, Mark S. Laustrup, Gary J. D’Urso, Joanna M. Reuter
2004, Open-File Report 2004-1071
Construction of the side-channel chutes has become a popular means to rehabilitate habitate of the Lower Missouri River. We studied various aspects of hydrology, hydraulics, and geomorphology of four side-channel chutes to document a range of existing conditions in the Lower Missouri River. The Cranberry Bend side-channel chute has existed...
Assessment of shallow-water habitat availability in modified dike structures, Lower Missouri River, 2004
Robert B. Jacobson, Caroline M. Elliott, Harold E. Johnson
2004, Open-File Report 2004-1409
This study documented the effects of wing-dike notching on the availability of shallow water habitat in the Lower Missouri River. Five wing dikes were surveyed in late May 2004 after they were notched in early May as part of shallow-water habitat (SWH) rehabilitation activities undertaken by the U.S. Army Corps...
Application of cross-borehole radar to monitor fieldscale vegetable old injection experiments for biostimulation
John W. Lane Jr., Frederick D. Day-Lewis, Roelof J. Versteeg, C.C. Casey, Peter K. Joesten
2004, Conference Paper, Proceedings: Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems (SAGEEP)
Cross-borehole radar methods were used to monitor a field-scale biostimulation pilot project at the Anoka County Riverfront Park (ACP), located downgradient of the Naval Industrial Reserve Ordnance Plant, in Fridley, Minnesota. The goal of the pilot project is to evaluate biostimulation using emulsified vegetable oil to treat ground water...
Use of borehole radar methods and borehole geophysical logs to monitor a field-scale vegetable oil biostimulation pilot project at Fridley, Minnesota
John W. Lane Jr., Clifton C. Casey, Frederick D. Day-Lewis, A. Witten, Roelof J. Versteeg
2004, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds
Cross-hole and surface-to-borehole radar and conventional borehole geophysical logs were used to monitor subsurface injections of vegetable oil emulsion conducted as part of a field-scale biostimulation pilot project at the Anoka County Riverfront Park (ACP), located downgradient of the Naval Industrial Reserve Ordnance Plant (NIROP), in Fridley, Minnesota. The pilot...
Optimization of limestone drains for long- term treatment of acidic mine drainage, Swatara Creek Basin, Schuylkill County, PA
Charles A. Cravotta III,, S.J. Ward, Daniel J. Koury, R. D. Koch
2004, Conference Paper, Proceedings America Society of Mining and Reclamation, 2004
Limestone drains were constructed in 1995, 1997, and 2000 to treat acidic mine drainage (AMD) from the Orchard, Buck Mtn., and Hegins discharges, respectively, in the Swatara Creek Basin, Southern Anthracite Coalfield, east-central Pennsylvania. This report summarizes the construction characteristics and performance of each of the limestone drains on the...
