Determining nest predators of the Least Bell's Vireo through point counts, tracking stations, and video photography
Bonnie L. Peterson, Barbara E. Kus, Douglas H. Deutschman
2004, Journal of Field Ornithology (75) 89-95
We compared three methods to determine nest predators of the Least Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii pusillus) in San Diego County, California, during spring and summer 2000. Point counts and tracking stations were used to identify potential predators and video photography to document actual nest predators. Parental behavior at depredated nests...
Remote sensing of vegetation and land-cover change in Arctic Tundra Ecosystems
Douglas A. Stow, Allen Hope, David McGuire, David Verbyla, John A. Gamon, Fred Huemmrich, Stan Houston, Charles H. Racine, Matthew Sturm, Ken D. Tape, Larry D. Hinzman, Kenji Yoshikawa, Craig E. Tweedie, Brian Noyle, Cherie Silapaswan, David C. Douglas, Brad Griffith, Gensuo Jia, Howard E. Epstein, Donald A. Walker, Scott Daeschner, Aaron Petersen, Liming Zhou, Ranga B. Myneni
2004, Remote Sensing of Environment (89) 281-308
The objective of this paper is to review research conducted over the past decade on the application of multi-temporal remote sensing for monitoring changes of Arctic tundra lands. Emphasis is placed on results from the National Science Foundation Land–Air–Ice Interactions (LAII) program and on optical remote sensing techniques. Case...
Modeling a three-dimensional river plume over continental shelf using a 3D unstructured grid model
R. T. Cheng, V. Casulli
Spaulding M.L., editor(s)
2004, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling
River derived fresh water discharging into an adjacent continental shelf forms a trapped river plume that propagates in a narrow region along the coast. These river plumes are real and they have been observed in the field. Many previous investigations have reported some aspects of the river plume properties, which...
Predicting the thermal effects of dam removal on the Klamath River
J.M. Bartholow, S.G. Campbell, M. Flug
2004, Environmental Management (34) 856-874
The Klamath River once supported large runs of anadromous salmonids. Water temperature associated with multiple mainstem hydropower facilities might be one of many factors responsible for depressing Klamath salmon stocks. We combined a water quantity model and a water quality model to predict how removing the series of dams below...
Testing a basic assumption of shrubland fire management: h=How important is fuel age?
Max A. Moritz, Jon E. Keeley, Edward A. Johnson, Andrew A. Schaffner
2004, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment (2) 67-72
This year's catastrophic wildfires in southern California highlight the need for effective planning and management for fire-prone landscapes. Fire frequency analysis of several hundred wildfires over a broad expanse of California shrublands reveals that there is generally not, as is commonly assumed, a strong relationship between fuel age and fire...
An intensity scale for riverine flooding
J.M. Fulford
Sehlke G.Hayes D.F.Stevens D.K., editor(s)
2004, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the 2004 World Water and Environmetal Resources Congress: Critical Transitions in Water and Environmetal Resources Management
Recent advances in the availability and accuracy of multi-dimensional flow models, the advent of precise elevation data for floodplains (LIDAR), and geographical GIS allow the creation of hazard maps that more correctly reflect the varying levels of flood-damage risk across a floodplain when inundatecby floodwaters. Using intensity scales for wind...
Multi-scale and nested-intensity sampling techniques for archaeological survey
O. Burger, L.C. Todd, P. Burnett, T.J. Stohlgren, D. Stephens
2004, Journal of Field Archaeology (29) 409-423
This paper discusses sampling techniques for archaeological survey that are directed toward evaluating the properties of surface artifact distributions. The sampling techniques we experimented with consist of a multi-scale sampling plot developed in plant ecology and the use of a nested-intensity survey design. We present results from the initial application...
Validation of two dilution models to predict chloramine-T concentrations in aquaculture facility effluent
M.P. Gaikowski, W.J. Larson, J. J. Steuer, W.H. Gingerich
2004, Aquacultural Engineering (30) 127-140
Accurate estimates of drug concentrations in hatchery effluent are critical to assess the environmental risk of hatchery drug discharge resulting from disease treatment. This study validated two dilution simple n models to estimate chloramine-T environmental introduction concentrations by comparing measured and predicted chloramine-T concentrations using the US Geological Survey's Upper...
Nest survival estimation: A review of alternatives to the Mayfield estimator
G. Jehle, A. A. Yackel Adams, J. A. Savidge, S. K. Skagen
2004, The Condor (106) 472-484
Reliable estimates of nest survival are essential for assessing strategies for avian conservation. We review the history of modifications and alternatives for estimating nest survival, with a focus on four techniques: apparent nest success, the Mayfield estimator, the Stanley method, and program MARK. The widely used Mayfield method avoids the...
Mechanisms for dominance in an early successional old field by the invasive non-native Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don
A.L. Brandon, D.J. Gibson, B.A. Middleton
2004, Biological Invasions (6) 483-493
Researchers studying invasive plants often concentrate their efforts on predictive models thought to allow invasive plants to dominate native landscapes. However, if an invasive is already well established then experimental research is necessary to provide the information necessary to effectively manage the species. Prescribing appropriate management strategies without prior experimental...
Rapid assessment indicator of wetland integrity as an unintended predictor of avian diversity
Martin A. Stapanian, Thomas A. Waite, Gregory Krzys, John J. Mack, Mick Micacchion
2004, Hydrobiologia (520) 119-126
Rapid assessment of aquatic ecosystems has been widely implemented, sometimes without thorough evaluation of the robustness of rapid assessment metrics as indicators of ecological integrity. Here, we evaluate whether the Ohio Rapid Assessment Method (ORAM) for Wetlands Version 5.0 is a useful indicator of ecological integrity beyond its intended purpose....
Sensitivity to acidification of subalpine ponds and lakes in north-western Colorado
K. Campbell, E. Muths, J.T. Turk, P.S. Corn
2004, Hydrological Processes (18) 2817-2834
Although acidifying deposition in western North America is lower than in many parts of the world, many high-elevation ecosystems there are extremely sensitive to acidification. Previous studies determined that the Mount Zirkel Wilderness Area (MZWA) has the most acidic snowpack and aquatic ecosystems that are among the most sensitive in...
Common raven juvenile survival in a human-augmented landscape
William C. Webb, William I. Boarman, John T. Rotenberry
2004, The Condor (106) 517-528
Anthropogenic resource subsidies have contributed to the dramatic increase in the abundance of Common Ravens (Corvus corax) in the western Mojave Desert, California, during the past 30 years. To better understand the effects of these subsidies on raven demography, we examined whether survival to juvenile departure from the natal territory...
Evaluation of a chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) bioenergetics model
Charles P. Madenjian, Daniel V. O’Connor, Sergei M. Chernyak, Richard R. Rediske, James P. O'Keefe
2004, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (61) 627-635
We evaluated the Wisconsin bioenergetics model for chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in both the laboratory and the field. Chinook salmon in laboratory tanks were fed alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), the predominant food of chinook salmon in Lake Michigan. Food consumption and growth by chinook salmon during the experiment were measured. To...
Hydrologic and hydraulic factors affecting passage of paddlefish through dams in the Upper Mississippi River
S. J. Zigler, M. R. Dewey, B.C. Knights, A.L. Runstrom, M.T. Steingraeber
2004, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (133) 160-172
Populations of paddlefish Polyodon spathula have been adversely affected by dams that can block their movements. Unlike high-head dams that preclude fish passage (unless they are equipped with fishways), the dams on the upper Mississippi River are typically low-head dams with bottom release gates that may allow fish passage under...
The wetland continuum: A conceptual framework for interpreting biological studies
N.H. Euliss Jr., J. W. LaBaugh, L.H. Fredrickson, D.M. Mushet, Murray K. Laubhan, G.A. Swanson, T. C. Winter, D.O. Rosenberry, R.D. Nelson
2004, Wetlands (24) 448-458
We describe a conceptual model, the wetland continuum, which allows wetland managers, scientists, and ecologists to consider simultaneously the influence of climate and hydrologic setting on wetland biological communities. Although multidimensional, the wetland continuum is most easily represented as a two-dimensional gradient, with ground water and atmospheric water constituting the...
Effects of an introduced pathogen and fire exclusion on the demography of sugar pine
Phillip J. van Mantgem, Nathan L. Stephenson, MaryBeth Keifer, Jon E. Keeley
2004, Ecological Applications (14) 1590-1602
An introduced pathogen, white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola), has caused declines in five-needled pines throughout North America. Simultaneously, fire exclusion has resulted in dense stands in many forest types, which may create additional stress for these generally shade-intolerant pines. Fire exclusion also allows fuels to accumulate, and it...
Effect of stock size, climate, predation, and trophic status on recruitment of alewives in Lake Ontario, 1978-2000
Robert O’Gorman, Brian F. Lantry, Clifford P. Schneider
2004, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (133) 855-867
The population of alewives Alosa pseudoharengus in Lake Ontario is of great concern to fishery managers because alewives are the principal prey of introduced salmonines and because alewives negatively influence many endemic fishes. We used spring bottom trawl catches of alewives to investigate the roles of stock size, climate, predation, and lake...
Visual enhancement of unmixed multispectral imagery using adaptive smoothing
G.P. Lemeshewsky
Z.-U. Rahman, R.A. Schowengerdt, S.E. Reichenbach, editor(s)
2004, Conference Paper, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
Adaptive smoothing (AS) has been previously proposed as a method to smooth uniform regions of an image, retain contrast edges, and enhance edge boundaries. The method is an implementation of the anisotropic diffusion process which results in a gray scale image. This paper discusses modifications to the AS method for...
Avian nest success in midwestern forests fragmented by agriculture
Melinda G. Knutson, Gerald J. Niemi, Wesley E. Newton, M. A. Friberg
2004, Condor (106) 116-130
We studied how forest-bird nest success varied by landscape context from 1996 to 1998 in an agricultural region of southeastern Minnesota, southwestern Wisconsin, and northeastern Iowa. Nest success was 48% for all nests, 82% for cavity-nesting species, and 42% for cup-nesting species. Mayfield-adjusted nest success for five common species ranged...
A Holocene history of dune-mediated landscape change along the southeastern shore of Lake Superior
Walter L. Loope, Timothy G. Fisher, Harry M. Jol, John B. Anderton, William L. Blewett
2004, Geomorphology (61) 303-322
Causal links that connect Holocene high stands of Lake Superior with dune building, stream damming and diversion and reservoir impoundment and infilling are inferred from a multidisciplinary investigation of a small watershed along the SE shore of Lake Superior. Radiocarbon ages of wood fragments from in-place stumps and soil O...
Linking surface- and ground-water levels to riparian grassland species along the Platte River in central Nebraska
R.J. Henszey, K. Pfeiffer, J.R. Keough
2004, Wetlands (24) 665-687
Nearly all the techniques used to quantify how plants are linked to environmental gradients produce results in general terms, such as low to high elevation, xeric to mesic, and low to high concentration. While ecologists comprehend these imprecise scales, managers responsible for making decisions affecting these gradients need more precise...
Dissolution rates of pure methane hydrate and carbon-dioxide hydrate in undersaturated seawater at 1000-m depth
G. Rehder, S. H. Kirby, W.B. Durham, L.A. Stern, E.T. Peltzer, J. Pinkston, P.G. Brewer
2004, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (68) 285-292
To help constrain models involving the chemical stability and lifetime of gas clathrate hydrates exposed at the seafloor, dissolution rates of pure methane and carbon-dioxide hydrates were measured directly on the seafloor within the nominal pressure-temperature (P/T) range of the gas hydrate stability zone. Other natural boundary conditions included variable...
Late Holocene lake-level variation in southeastern Lake Superior: Tahquamenon Bay, Michigan
John W. Johnston, Steve J. Baedke, Robert K. Booth, Todd A. Thompson, Douglas A. Wilcox
2004, Journal of Great Lakes Research (30) 1-19
Internal architecture and ages of 71 beach ridges in the Tahquamenon Bay embayment along the southeastern shore of Lake Superior on the Upper Peninsula of Michigan were studied to generate a late Holocene relative lake-level curve. Establishing a long-term framework is important to examine the context of historic events and...
Modeling the suppression of sea lamprey populations by the release of sterile males or sterile females
Waldemar Klassen, Jean V. Adams, Michael B. Twohey
2004, Journal of Great Lakes Research (30) 463-473
The suppressive effects of trapping adult sea lampreys, Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus, and releasing sterile males (SMRT) or females (SFRT) into a closed system were expressed in deterministic models. Suppression was modeled as a function of the proportion of the population removed by trapping, the number of sterile animals released, the...
