An application of queuing theory to waterfowl migration
Richard S. Sojda, John E. Cornely, Leigh H. Fredrickson
A.E. Rizzoli, A.J. Jakeman, editor(s)
2002, Book chapter, Integrated assessment and decision support: Proceedings of the first biennial meeting of the International Environmental Modelling and Software Society
There has always been great interest in the migration of waterfowl and other birds. We have applied queuing theory to modelling waterfowl migration, beginning with a prototype system for the Rocky Mountain Population of trumpeter swans (Cygnus buccinator) in Western North America. The queuing model can be classified as a...
Evaluation of spatial models to predict vulnerability of forest birds to brood parasitism by cowbirds
E.J. Gustafson, M. G. Knutson, G.J. Niemi, M. Friberg
2002, Ecological Applications (12) 412-426
We constructed alternative spatial models at two scales to predict Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) parasitism rates from land cover maps. The local-scale models tested competing hypotheses about the relationship between cowbird parasitism and distance of host nests from a forest edge (forest-nonforest boundary). The landscape models tested competing hypotheses about...
Avian disease at the Salton Sea
Milton Friend
2002, Hydrobiologia (473) 293-306
A review of existing records and the scientific literature was conducted for occurrences of avian diseases affecting free-ranging avifauna within the Salton Sea ecosystem. The period for evaluation was 1907 through 1999. Records of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Biological Survey and the scientific literature were the data...
Loss of genetic diversity in sea otters (Enhydra lutris) associated with the fur trade of the 18th and 19th centuries
S. Larson, R. Jameson, M. Etnier, M. Flemings, P. Bentzen
2002, Molecular Ecology (11) 1899-1903
Sea otter (Enhydra lutris) populations experienced widespread reduction and extirpation due to the fur trade of the 18th and 19th centuries. We examined genetic variation within four microsatellite markers and the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) d-loop in one prefur trade population and compared it to five modern populations to determine potential...
Parasites and marine invasions
M.E. Torchin, K. D. Lafferty, A. M. Kuris
2002, Parasitology (124) 137-151
Introduced marine species are a major environmental and economic problem. The rate of these biological invasions has substantially increased in recent years due to the globalization of the world's economies. The damage caused by invasive species is often a result of the higher densities and larger sizes they attain compared...
Peak fire temperatures and effects on annual plants in the Mojave Desert
Matthew L. Brooks
2002, Ecological Applications (12) 1088-1102
Very little is known about the behavior and effects of fire in the Mojave Desert, because fire was historically uncommon. However, fire has become more frequent since the 1970s with increased dominance of the invasive annual grasses Bromus rubens and Schismus spp., and land managers are concerned about...
Estimating total human-caused mortality from reported mortality using data from radio-instrumented grizzly bears
S. Cherry, M.A. Haroldson, J. Robison-Cox, C.C. Schwartz
2002, Ursus (13) 175-184
Tracking mortality of the Yellowstone grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) is an essential issue of the recovery process. Problem bears removed by agencies are well documented. Deaths of radiocollared bears are known or, in many cases, can be reliably inferred. Additionally, the public reports an unknown proportion of deaths of uncollared bears....
Dynamics of the double-crested cormorant population on Lake Ontario
Bradley F. Blackwell, Martin A. Stapanian, D.V. Chip Weseloh
2002, Wildlife Society Bulletin (30) 345-353
After nearly 30 years of recolonization and expansion across North America, the double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) occupies the role of a perceived and, in some situations, realized threat to fish stocks and other resources. However, population data necessary to plan, defend, and implement management of this species are few....
Assessing avian richness in remnant wetlands: Towards an improved methodology
Greg Krzys, Thomas A. Waite, Martin Stapanian, John A. Vucetich
2002, Wetlands (22) 186-190
Because the North American Breeding Bird Survey provides inadequate coverage of wetland habitat, the Wetland Breeding Bird Survey was recently established in Ohio, USA. This program relies on volunteers to conduct 3 counts at each monitored wetland. Currently, all counts are conducted during the morning. Under the...
Measurement error associated with surveys of fish abundance in Lake Michigan
Ann E. Krause, Daniel B. Hayes, James R. Bence, Charles P. Madenjian, Ralph M. Stedman
2002, Journal of Great Lakes Research (28) 44-51
In fisheries, imprecise measurements in catch data from surveys add uncertainty to the results of fishery stock assessments. The USGS Great Lakes Science Center (GLSC) began to survey the fall fish community of Lake Michigan in 1962 with bottom trawls. The measurement error was evaluated at the level of individual...
Seasonal comparisons of sea ice concentration estimates derived from SSM/I, OKEAN, and RADARSAT data
Gennady I. Belchansky, David C. Douglas
2002, Remote Sensing of Environment (81) 67-81
The Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) microwave satellite radiometer and its predecessor SMMR are primary sources of information for global sea ice and climate studies. However, comparisons of SSM/I, Landsat, AVHRR, and ERS-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) have shown substantial seasonal and regional differences in their estimates of sea ice...
The polar bear management agreement for the southern Beaufort Sea: An evaluation of the first ten years of a unique conservation agreement
C.D. Brower, A. Carpenter, M.L. Branigan, W. Calvert, T. Evans, Anthony S. Fischbach, J.A. Nagy, S. Schliebe, I. Stirling
2002, Arctic (55) 362-372
Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) of the southern Beaufort Sea population, distributed from approximately Icy Cape, west of Point Barrow, to Pearce Point, east of Paulatuk in Canada, are harvested by hunters from both countries. In Canada, quotas to control polar bear hunting have been in place, with periodic modifications, since...
Association of methylmercury with dissolved humic acids
A. Amirbahman, A.L. Reid, T.A. Haines, J. S. Kahl, C. Arnold
2002, Environmental Science & Technology (36) 690-695
Sorption of methylmercury (MeHg) to three different humic acids was investigated as a function of pH and humic concentration. The extent of sorption did not show a strong pH dependence within the pH range of 5−9. Below pH 5, a decrease in adsorption for all humic samples was observed. The...
On-orbit radiometric calibration over time and between spacecraft using the moon
H. H. Kieffer, T.C. Stone, R.A. Barnes, S. Bender, R.E. Eplee Jr., J. Mendenhall, L. Ong
Fujisada H.Lurie J.B.Aten M.L.Weber K., editor(s)
2002, Conference Paper, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
The Robotic Lunar Observatory (ROLO) project has developed a spectral irradiance model of the Moon that accounts for variations with lunar phase through the bright half of a month, lunar librations, and the location of an Earth-orbiting spacecraft. The methodology of comparing spacecraft observations of the Moon with this model...
IL-2 and IL-12 alter NK cell responsiveness to IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 by down-regulating CXCR3 expression
D. L. Hodge, William B. Schill, Ji Ming Wang, I. Blanca, D. A. Reynolds, J. R. Ortaldo, H. A. Young
2002, Journal of Immunology (168) 6090-6098
Cytokine treatment of NK cells results in alterations in multiple cellular responses that include cytotoxicity, cytokine production, proliferation, and chemotaxis. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying these responses, microarray analysis was performed and the resulting gene expression patterns were compared between unstimulated, IL-2, IL-2 plus IL-12,...
Spatial and temporal distribution of horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) Spawning Delaware Bay: Implications for monitoring
D. R. Smith, P.S. Pooler, B.L. Swan, S.F. Michels, W.R. Hall, P.J. Himchak, M. J. Millard
2002, Estuaries (25) 115-125
Concern for the status of horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) has increased as harvest for conch and eel bait has increased and spawning habitat has decreased. In early 1999 a workshop was held at the behest of the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission to design a statistically valid survey of horseshoe...
Evaluation of 2-soft-release techniques to reintroduce black bears
Rick Eastridge, Joseph D. Clark
2002, Wildlife Society Bulletin (29) 1163-1174
Black bear (Ursus americanus) were extirpated from most of their range by the early 1900s by habitat destruction and unregulated hunting. Since then, bear habitat has recovered in many areas, but isolation may prevent natural recolonization. Black bear translocations often have limited success because of high mortality rates and low...
Meeting ecological and societal needs for freshwater
Jill Baron, N.L. Poff, P. L. Angermeier, Clifford N. Dahm, P.H. Gleick, N.G. Hairston Jr., R.B. Jackson, C.A. Johnston, B. D. Richter, A.D. Steinman
2002, Ecological Applications (12) 1247-1260
Human society has used freshwater from rivers, lakes, groundwater, and wetlands for many different urban, agricultural, and industrial activities, but in doing so has overlooked its value in supporting ecosystems. Freshwater is vital to human life and societal well-being, and thus its utilization for consumption, irrigation, and transport has long...
Implications of flood pulse restoration for Populus regeneration on the upper Missouri River
Ken D. Bovee, Michael L. Scott
2002, River Research and Applications (18) 287-298
We developed a mass balance flow model to reconstruct unregulated daily peak flows in the National Wild and Scenic reach of the Missouri River, Montana. Results indicated that although the observed frequency of large peak flows has not changed in the post-dam period, their magnitude has been reduced from 40...
Advanced techniques for modeling avian nest survival
S.J. Dinsmore, Gary C. White, F.L. Knopf
2002, Ecology (83) 3476-3488
Estimation of avian nest survival has traditionally involved simple measures of apparent nest survival or Mayfield constant-nest-survival models. However, these methods do not allow researchers to build models that rigorously assess the importance of a wide range of biological factors that affect nest survival. Models that incorporate greater detail, such...
Influences of spatial and temporal variation on fish-habitat relationships defined by regression quantiles
J. B. Dunham, B.S. Cade, J.W. Terrell
2002, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (131) 86-98
We used regression quantiles to model potentially limiting relationships between the standing crop of cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki and measures of stream channel morphology. Regression quantile models indicated that variation in fish density was inversely related to the width:depth ratio of streams but not to stream width or depth alone....
Beyond theories of plant invasions: Lessons from natural landscapes
Thomas J. Stohlgren
2002, Comments on Theoretical Biology (7) 355-379
There are a growing number of contrasting theories about plant invasions, but most are only weakly supported by small-scale field experiments, observational studies, and mathematical models. Among the most contentious theories is that species-rich habitats should be less vulnerable to plant invasion than species-poor sites, stemming from earlier theories that...
SALMOD: A population model for salmonids: user's manual. Version W3
John Bartholow, John Heasley, Jeff Laake, Jeff Sandelin, Beth A.K. Coughlan, Alan Moos
2002, Report
SALMOD is a computer model that simulates the dynamics of freshwater salmonid populations, both anadromous and resident. The conceptual model was developed in a workshop setting (Williamson et al. 1993) using fish experts concerned with Trinity River chinook restoration. The model builds on the foundation laid by similar models (see...
Sea otter studies in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve
James L. Bodkin, Kimberly A. Kloecker, George G. Esslinger, Daniel H. Monson, J.D. DeGroot, J. Doherty
2002, Report
Following translocations to the outer coast of Southeast Alaska in 1965, sea otters have been expanding their range and increasing in abundance. We began conducting surveys for sea otters in Cross Sound, Icy Strait, and Glacier Bay, Alaska in 1994, following initial reports (in 1993) of their presence in Glacier...
Nitrogen loss from nonpolluted South American forests mainly via dissolved organic compounds
Steven S. Perakis, L. O. Hedin
2002, Nature (415) 416-419
Conceptual1,<a id="ref-link-section-d257630553e380" title="Aber, J. et al. Nitrogen saturation in temperate forest ecosystems: Hypotheses revisited. BioScience 48, 921–34 (1998)." href="https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR2" data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor"...
