Evapotranspiration and canopy resistance at an undeveloped prairie in a humid subtropical climate
William R. Bidlake
2002, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (38) 197-211
Reliable estimates of evapotranspiration from areas of wildland vegetation are needed for many types of water-resource investigations. However, little is known about surface fluxes from many areally important vegetation types, and relatively few comparisons have been made to examine how well evapotranspiration models can predict evapotranspiration for soil-, climate-, or...
The dynamics of subtidal poleward flows over a narrow continental shelf, Palos Verdes, CA
M.A. Noble, H. F. Ryan, P.L. Wiberg
2002, Continental Shelf Research (22) 923-944
The Palos Verdes peninsula is a short, very narrow (< 3 km) shelf in southern California that is bracketed by two large embayments. In May 1992, arrays of up to 4 moorings and 2 benthic tripods were deployed in a yearlong study of the circulation processes over this shelf and...
The oral bioavailability and toxicokinetics of methylmercury in common loon (Gavia immer) chicks
F. Fournier, W. H. Karasov, K.P. Kenow, M.W. Meyer, R. K. Hines
2002, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology (133) 703-714
We compared the toxicokinetics of methylmercury in captive common loon chicks during two time intervals to assess the impact of feather growth on the kinetics of mercury. We also determined the oral bioavailability of methylmercury during these trials to test for age-related changes. The blood concentration-time curves for individuals dosed...
Historical and projected carbon balance of mature black spruce ecosystems across north america: The role of carbon-nitrogen interactions
Joy S. Clein, A. D. McGuire, X. Zhang, D. W. Kicklighter, J. M. Melillo, S.C. Wofsy, P.G. Jarvis, J.M. Massheder
2002, Conference Paper, Plant and Soil
The role of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) interactions on sequestration of atmospheric CO2 in black spruce ecosystems across North America was evaluated with the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM) by applying parameterizations of the model in which C-N dynamics were either coupled or uncoupled. First, the performance of the parameterizations,...
A new mathematical solution for predicting char activation reactions
H.H. Rafsanjani, E. Jamshidi, M. Rostam-Abadi
2002, Carbon (40) 1167-1171
The differential conservation equations that describe typical gas-solid reactions, such as activation of coal chars, yield a set of coupled second-order partial differential equations. The solution of these coupled equations by exact analytical methods is impossible. In addition, an approximate or exact solution only provides predictions for either reaction- or...
Relationship of the 1999 Hector Mine and 1992 Landers fault ruptures to offsets on neogene faults and distribution of late Cenozoic basins in the eastern California shear zone
R.C. Jachens, V.E. Langenheim, J. C. Matti
2002, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (92) 1592-1605
This report examines the Hector Mine and Landers earthquakes in the broader context of faults and fault-related basins of the eastern California shear zone (ECSZ). We compile new estimates of total strike-slip offset (horizontal separation) at nearly 30 fault sites based on offset magnetic anomaly pairs. We also present a...
A strategy for estimating the rates of recent United States land-cover changes
Thomas R. Loveland, Terry L. Sohl, S.V. Stehman, Alisa L. Gallant, K. L. Sayler, D.E. Napton
2002, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (68) 1091-1099
Information on the rates of land-use and land-cover change is important in addressing issues ranging from the health of aquatic resources to climate change. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of information on land-use and land-cover change except at very local levels. We describe a strategy for estimating land-cover change across...
High-precision measurements of wetland sediment elevation. I. Recent improvements to the sedimentation--erosion table
Donald R. Cahoon, J.C. Lynch, P. Hensel, R. Boumans, B.C. Perez, B. Segura, J.W. Day Jr.
2002, Journal of Sedimentary Research (72) 730-733
The sedimentation-erosion table (SET) developed by Boumans and Day (1993) is herein renamed the surface elevation table (SET) to better reflect the conceptual view of the processes being measured. The SET was designed for making high-resolution measurements of small-scale changes in elevation of loose, unconsolidated sediments in shallow water and...
Timing of large earthquakes since A.D. 800 on the Mission Creek strand of the San Andreas fault zone at Thousand Palms Oasis, near Palm Springs, California
T. E. Fumal, M. J. Rymer, G. G. Seitz
2002, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (92) 2841-2860
Paleoseismic investigations across the Mission Creek strand of the San Andreas fault at Thousand Palms Oasis indicate that four and probably five surface-rupturing earthquakes occurred during the past 1200 years. Calendar age estimates for these earthquakes are based on a chronological model that incorporates radiocarbon dates from 18 in situ burn layers...
A record of large earthquakes on the southern Hayward fault for the past 500 years
J. J. Lienkaemper, T. E. Dawson, S. F. Personius, G. G. Seitz, L.M. Reidy, David P. Schwartz
2002, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (92) 2637-2658
The Hayward fault, a major branch of the right-lateral San Andreas fault system, traverses the densely populated eastern San Francisco Bay region, California. We conducted a paleoseismic investigation to better understand the Hayward fault's past earthquake behavior. The site is near the south end of Tyson's Lagoon, a sag pond...
Interspecific differences in susceptibility to competition and predation in a species-pair of larval amphibians
Susan C. Walls, David G. Taylor, Charlena M. Wilson
2002, Herpetologica (58) 104-118
Fundamental issues in the study of predator-prey interactions include addressing how prey coexist with their predators and, moreover, whether predators promote coexistence among competing prey. We conducted a series of laboratory experiments with a freshwater assemblage consisting of two predators that differed in their foraging modes (a crayfish, Procambarus sp., and...
Avian disease at the Salton Sea
Milton Friend
2002, Hydrobiologia (473) 293-306
A review of existing records and the scientific literature was conducted for occurrences of avian diseases affecting free-ranging avifauna within the Salton Sea ecosystem. The period for evaluation was 1907 through 1999. Records of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Biological Survey and the scientific literature were the data...
Computer simulation of wolf-removal strategies for animal-damage control
R.G. Haight, L.E. Travis, K. Nimerfro, L.D. Mech
2002, Wildlife Society Bulletin (30) 844-852
Because of the sustained growth of the gray wolf (Canis lupus) population in the western Great Lakes region of the United States, management agencies are anticipating gray wolf removal from the federal endangered species list and are proposing strategies for wolf management. Strategies are needed that would balance public demand...
Comparison of mitochondrial DNA control region sequence and microsatellite DNA analyses in estimating population structure and gene flow rates in Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus
I. Wirgin, J. Waldman, J. Stabile, B. Lubinski, T. King
2002, Journal of Applied Ichthyology (18) 313-319
Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus is large, long-lived, and anadromous with subspecies distributed along the Atlantic (A. oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) and Gulf of Mexico (A. o. desotoi) coasts of North America. Although it is not certain if extirpation of some population units has occurred, because of anthropogenic influences abundances of all populations...
Nearshore morphology and late Quaternary geologic framework of the northern Monterey Bay Marine Sanctuary, California
R. J. Anima, S.L. Eittreim, B. D. Edwards, A.J. Stevenson
2002, Marine Geology (181) 35-54
A combination of side-scanning sonar and high-resolution seismic reflection data image seafloor bedrock exposures and erosional features across the nearshore shelf. Sediment-filled troughs incise the inner shelf rock exposures and tie directly to modern coastal streams. The resulting bedrock geometry can be related to its resistance to erosion. Comparison of...
Assemblages of breeding birds as indicators of grassland condition
S.F. Browder, Douglas H. Johnson, I.J. Ball
2002, Ecological Indicators (2) 257-270
We developed a measure of biological integrity for grasslands (GI) based on the most influential habitat types in the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota. GI is based on proportions of habitat types and the relationships of these habitat types to breeding birds. Habitat types were identified by digital aerial...
Model Performance of Water-Current Meters
J.M. Fulford
Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B., editor(s)
2002, Conference Paper, Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods
The measurement of discharge in natural streams requires hydrographers to use accurate water-current meters that have consistent performance among meters of the same model. This paper presents the results of an investigation into the performance of four models of current meters - Price type-AA, Price pygmy, Marsh McBirney 2000 and...
Extracting low‐resolution river networks from high‐resolution digital elevation models
Francisco Olivera, Mary S. Lear, James S. Famiglietti, Kwabena Asante
2002, Water Resources Research (38) 13-1-13-8
Including a global river network in the land component of global climate models (GCMs) is necessary in order to provide a more complete representation of the hydrologic cycle. The process of creating these networks is called river network upscaling and consists of lowering the resolution of already available fine networks...
Topographic stress perturbations in southern Davis Mountains, west Texas 1. Polarity reversal of principal stresses
W. Z. Savage, R. H. Morin
2002, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (107) ETG 5-1-ETC 5-15
We have applied a previously developed analytical stress model to interpret subsurface stress conditions inferred from acoustic televiewer logs obtained in two municipal water wells located in a valley in the southern Davis Mountains near Alpine, Texas. The appearance of stress-induced breakouts with orientations that shift by 90° at two...
Magnitude estimates of two large aftershocks of the 16 December 1811 New Madrid earthquake
S. E. Hough, S. Martin
2002, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (92) 3259-3268
The three principal New Madrid mainshocks of 1811-1812 were followed by extensive aftershock sequences that included numerous felt events. Although no instrumental data are available for either the mainshocks or the aftershocks, available historical accounts do provide information that can be used to estimate magnitudes and locations for the large...
Seismic anisotropy and mantle creep in young orogens
R. Meissner, Thomas C. Mooney, I. Artemieva
2002, Geophysical Journal International (149) 1-14
Seismic anisotropy provides evidence for the physical state and tectonic evolution of the lithosphere. We discuss the origin of anisotropy at various depths, and relate it to tectonic stress, geotherms and rheology. The anisotropy of the uppermost mantle is controlled by the orthorhombic mineral olivine, and may result from ductile...
Nitrogen retention in rivers: Model development and application to watersheds in the northeastern U.S.A.
S.P. Seitzinger, R.V. Styles, E.W. Boyer, R. B. Alexander, G. Billen, R. W. Howarth, B. Mayer, N. Van Breemen
2002, Conference Paper, Biogeochemistry
A regression model (RivR-N) was developed that predicts the proportion of N removed from streams and reservoirs as an inverse function of the water displacement time of the water body (ratio of water body depth to water time of travel). When applied to 16 drainage networks in the eastern U.S.,...
Parasites and marine invasions
M.E. Torchin, K. D. Lafferty, A. M. Kuris
2002, Parasitology (124) 137-151
Introduced marine species are a major environmental and economic problem. The rate of these biological invasions has substantially increased in recent years due to the globalization of the world's economies. The damage caused by invasive species is often a result of the higher densities and larger sizes they attain compared...
Comparison of shear-wave slowness profiles at 10 strong-motion sites from noninvasive SASW measurements and measurements made in boreholes
L.T. Brown, D.M. Boore, K.H. Stokoe II
2002, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (92) 3116-3133
The spectral-analysis-of-surface-waves (SASW) method is a relatively new in situ method for determining shear-wave slownesses. All measurements are made on the ground surface, making it much less costly than methods that require boreholes. The SASW method uses a number of active sources (ranging from a commercial Vibroseis truck to a...
High-resolution characterization of chemical heterogeneity in an alluvial aquifer
M.K. Schulmeister, J.M. Healey, G.W. McCall, S. Birk, J.J. Butler
2002, Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Geologica (46) 353-355
The high-resolution capabilities of direct-push technology were exploited to develop new insights into the hydrochemistry at the margin of an alluvial aquifer. Hydrostratigraphic controls on groundwater flow and contaminant loading were revealed through the combined use of direct-push electrical conductivity (EC) logging and geochemical profiling. Vertical and lateral variations in...
