The mathematics of movement
Douglas H. Johnson
1999, Prairie Naturalist (31) 125-127
Review of: Quantitative Analysis of Movement: Measuring and Modeling Population Redistribution in Animals and Plants. Peter Turchin. 1998. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA. 306 pages. $38.95 (paper)....
Defining landscapes suitable for restoration of grizzly bears Ursus arctos in Idaho
Troy Merrill, D.J. Mattson, R.G. Wright, Howard B. Quigley
1999, Biological Conservation (87) 231-248
Informed management of large carnivores depends on the timely and useful presentation of relevant information. We describe an approach to evaluating carnivore habitat that uses pre-existing qualitative and quantitative information on humans and carnivores to generate coarse-scale maps of habitat suitability, habitat productivity, potential reserves, and areas of potential conflict....
Xenobiotic-induced apoptosis: significance and potential application as a general biomarker of response
Leonard I. Sweet, Dora R. Passino-Reader, Peter G. Meier, Geneva M. Omann
1999, Biomarkers (4) 237-253
The process of apoptosis, often coined programmed cell death, involves cell injury induced by a variety of stimuli including xenobiotics and is morphologically, biochemically, and physiologically distinct from necrosis. Apoptotic death is characterized by cellular changes such as cytoplasm shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and plasma membrane asymmetry. This form of cell...
Subcutaneous anchor attachment increases retention of radio transmitters on Xantus' and marbled murrelets
Scott H. Newman, John Y. Takekawa, Darrell L. Whitworth, Esther E. Burkett
1999, Journal of Field Ornithology (70) 520-534
We modified a subcutaneous anchor attachment and achieved transmitter reten- tion times that exceeded those reported previously for other attachments used on alcids. Traditional suture and epoxy attachment methods were used on Xantus' Murrelets in 1995 and 1996, while the modified attachment was used for Xantus' Murrelets in 1996 and...
Laboratory evaluation of a lake trout bioenergetics model
Charles P. Madenjian, Daniel V. O’Connor
1999, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (128) 802-814
Lake trout Salvelinus namaycush, aged 3 and 6 years and with average weights of 700 and 2,000 g, were grown in laboratory tanks for up to 407 d under a thermal regime similar to that experienced by lake trout in nearshore Lake Michigan. Lake trout were fed alewifeAlosa pseudoharengus and rainbow smelt Osmerus...
Testing and extension of a sea lamprey feeding model
Philip A. Cochran, William D. Swink, Andrew P. Kinziger
1999, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (128) 403-413
A previous model of feeding by sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus predicted energy intake and growth by lampreys as a function of lamprey size, host size, and duration of feeding attachments, but it was applicable only to lampreys feeding at 10°C and it was tested against only a single small data set of...
Giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) population dynamics and bamboo (subfamily Bambusoideae) life history: a structured population approach to examining carrying capacity when the prey are semelparous
J. Carter, A. S. Ackleh, B.P. Leonard, Hongfang Wang
1999, Ecological Modelling (123) 207-223
The giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca, is a highly specialized Ursid whose diet consists almost entirely of various species of bamboo. Bamboo (Bambusoideae) is a grass subfamily whose species often exhibit a synchronous semelparity. Synchronous semelparity can create local drops in carrying capacity for the panda. We modeled the interaction of...
MOAB: a spatially explicit, individual-based expert system for creating animal foraging models
J. Carter, John T. Finn
1999, Ecological Modelling (119) 29-41
We describe the development, structure, and corroboration process of a simulation model of animal behavior (MOAB). MOAB can create spatially explicit, individual-based animal foraging models. Users can create or replicate heterogeneous landscape patterns, and place resources and individual animals of a goven species on that landscape to simultaneously simulate the...
Behavioral responses to disturbance in freshwater mussels with implications for conservation and management
D. L. Waller, S. Gutreuter, J.J. Rach
1999, Journal of the North American Benthological Society (18) 381-390
Knowledge about the ability of freshwater unionid mussels to recover from physical disturbance is important to their conservation and management. Threatened species may be disturbed by relocation to refugia as a conservation measure, and some species are disturbed by size- and species-selective...
Evaluation of the flood-pulse concept based on statistical models of growth of selected fishes of the upper Mississippi River system
S. Gutreuter, A.D. Bartels, K. Irons, M.B. Sandheinrich
1999, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (56) 2282-2291
The flood-pulse concept (FPC) states that annual inundation is the principal force responsible for productivity and biotic interactions in river-floodplain systems. Somatic growth is one component of production, and we hypothesized that, if the FPC applies, growth of fishes that use the moving littoral zone should differ among years with...
Tracheal worms
Rebecca A. Cole
1999, Information and Technology Report 1999-0001
Infection by tracheal worms often results in respiratory distress due to their location in the trachea or bronchi and their obstruction of the air passage. Infections by these parasitic nematodes or roundworms in waterbirds, primarily ducks, geese, and swans, are usually due to Cyathostoma bronchialis and infection of land birds...
Guidelines for proper care and use of wildlife in field research
M. Friend, D. E. Toweill, R.L. Borwnell Jr., V. F. Nettles, D.S. Davis, W.J. Foreyt
1999, Information and Technology Report 1999-0001
Public attitudes towards animals continue to change over time. These changes apply to wildlife along with other species, and in recent years, attitudes have been increasingly oriented toward assuring that all species receive proper care whenever human interactions are involved. Guidance regarding the application of euthanasia is provided in the...
Intestinal coccidiosis
M. Friend, J. C. Franson
1999, Information and Technology Report 1999-0001
Coccidia are a complex and diverse group of protozoan (single-celled organisms) parasites; the coccidia group contains many species, most of which do not cause clinical disease. In birds, most disease-causing or pathogenic forms of coccidia parasites belong to the genus Eimeria. Coccidia usually invade the intestinal tract, but some invade...
Structure and function of fish communities in the southern Lake Michigan basin with emphasis on restoration of native fish communities
Thomas P. Simon, Paul M. Stewart
1999, Natural Areas Journal (19) 142-154
The southern Lake Michigan basin in northwest Indiana possesses a variety of aquatic habitats including riverine, palustrine, and lacustrine systems. The watershed draining this area is a remnant of glacial Lake Chicago and supports fish communities that are typically low in species richness. Composition of the presettlement Lake Michigan fish...
Mate loss in winter and mallard reproduction
Barbara A. Lercel, Richard M. Kaminski, Robert R. Cox Jr.
1999, Journal of Wildlife Management (63) 621-629
Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) frequently pair during winter, and duck hunting seasons have been extended until the end of January in several southern states in the Mississippi Flyway. Therefore, we simulated dissolution of pair bonds from natural or hunting mortality by removing mates of wild-strain, captive, yearling female mallards in late...
Predation on lake trout eggs and fry: A modeling approach
Jacqueline F. Savino, Patrick L. Hudson, Mary C. Fabrizio, Charles A. Bowen II
1999, Journal of Great Lakes Research (25) 36-44
A general model was developed to examine the effects of multiple predators on survival of eggs and fry of lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush, associated with spawning reefs. Three kinds of predation were simulated: epibenthic egg predators consuming eggs on the substrate surface...
Modeling data from double-tagging experiments to estimate heterogeneous rates of tag shedding in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)
Mary C. Fabrizio, James D. Nichols, James E. Hines, Bruce L. Swanson, Stephen T. Schram
1999, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (56) 1409-1419
Data from mark-recapture studies are used to estimate population rates such as exploitation, survival, and growth. Many of these applications assume negligible tag loss, so tag shedding can be a significant problem. Various tag shedding models have been developed for use with data from double-tagging experiments, including models...
Transitions in forest fragmentation: implications for restoration opportunities at regional scales
James D. Wickham, K. Bruce Jones, Kurt H. Riitters, Timothy G. Wade, Robert V. O’Neill
1999, Landscape Ecology (14) 137-145
Where the potential natural vegetation is continuous forest (e.g., eastern US), a region can be divided into smaller units (e.g., counties, watersheds), and a graph of the proportion of forest in the largest patch versus the proportion in anthropogenic cover can be used as an index of forest fragmentation. If...
Exotic plant species invade hot spots of native plant diversity
T.J. Stohlgren, Dan Binkley, G.W. Chong, M. A. Kalkhan, L. D. Schell, K.A. Bull, Yuka Otsuki, G. Newman, Michael A. Bashkin, Y. Son
1999, Ecological Monographs (69) 25-46
Some theories and experimental studies suggest that areas of low plant species richness may be invaded more easily than areas of high plant species richness. We gathered nested-scale vegetation data on plant species richness, foliar cover, and frequency from 200 1-m2 subplots (20 1000-m2 modified-Whittaker plots) in the Colorado Rockies...
Maximum-limiting ages of Lake Michigan coastal dunes: Their correlation with Holocene lake level history
Alan F. Arbogast, Walter L. Loope
1999, Journal of Great Lakes Research (25) 372-382
Coastal geomorphology along the Great Lakes has long been linked with lake-level history. Some of the most spectacular landforms along the eastern shore of Lake Michigan are high-relief dunes that mantle lake terraces. It has been assumed that these dunes developed during the Nipissing high stand of ancestral Lake...
Cutaneous mastocytomas in the neotenic caudate amphibians Ambystoma mexicanum (axolotl) and Ambystoma tigrinum (tiger salamander)
J.C. Harshbarger, S.C. Chang, L.E. DeLanney, F.L. Rose, D. E. Green
1999, Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology (125) 187-192
Spontaneous mastocytomas studied in 18 axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum) and six tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) were gray-white, uni- to multilobular cutaneous protrusions from 2 mm to 2 cm in diameter. Tumors were moderately cellular unencapsulated masses that usually infiltrated the dermis and hypodermis with the destruction of intervening tissues. Some tumors were invading...
Ground water
Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey
1999, Report
Some water underlies the Earth's surface almost everywhere, beneath hills, mountains, plains, and deserts. It is not always accessible, or fresh enough for use without treatment, and it's sometimes difficult to locate or to measure and describe. This water may occur close to the land surface, as in a marsh,...
Short-term dynamics of intertidal microphytobenthic biomass. Mathematical modelling [La dynamique a court terme de la biomasse du microphytobenthos intertidal. Formalisation mathematique]
J. -M. Guarini, P. Gros, G. F. Blanchard, C. Bacher
1999, Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences - Serie III (322) 363-373
We formulate a deterministic mathematical model to describe the dynamics of the microphytobenthos of intertidal mudflats. It is 'minimal' because it only takes into account the essential processes governing the functioning of the system: the autotrophic production, the active upward and downward migrations of epipelic microalgae, the saturation of the...
Application of spatially referenced regression modeling for the evaluation of total nitrogen loading in the Chesapeake Bay watershed
Stephen D. Preston, John W. Brakebill
1999, Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4054
The reduction of stream nutrient loads is an important part of current efforts to improve water quality in the Chesapeake Bay. To design programs that will effectively reduce stream nutrient loading, resource managers need spatially detailed information that describes the location of nutrient sources and the watershed factors that affect...
Estimation of potential runoff-contributing areas in the Kansas-Lower Republican River basin, Kansas
Kyle E. Juracek
1999, Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4089
Digital soils and topographic data were used to estimate and compare potential runoff-contributing areas for 19 selected subbasins representing soil, slope, and runoff variability within the Kansas-Lower Republican (KLR) River Basin. Potential runoff-contributing areas were estimated separately and collectively for the processes of infiltration-excess and saturation-excess overland flow using a...
