Response of fall-staging brant and Canada geese to aircraft overflights in southwestern Alaska
David H. Ward, R.A. Stehn, W.P. Erickson, Dirk V. Derksen
1999, Journal of Wildlife Management (63) 373-381
Because much of the information concerning disturbance of waterfowl by aircraft is anecdotal, we examined behavioral responses of Pacific brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) and Canada geese (B. canadensis taverneri) to experimental overflights during fall staging at Izembek Lagoon, Alaska. These data were used to develop predictive models of brant and...
A goodness-of-fit test for capture-recapture model Mt under closure
T.R. Stanley, K.P. Burnham
1999, Biometrics (55) 366-375
A new, fully efficient goodness-of-fit test for the time-specific closed-population capture-recapture model Mt is presented. This test is based on the residual distribution of the capture history data given the maximum likelihood parameter estimates under model Mt, is partitioned into informative components, and is based on chi-square statistics. Comparison of this test with...
Three-dimensional velocity structure of the Kilauea caldera, Hawaii
P.B. Dawson, B. A. Chouet, P. G. Okubo, A. Villasenor, H.M. Benz
1999, Geophysical Research Letters (26) 2805-2808
High-resolution velocity models (0.5 km resolution) of the Kilauea caldera region are obtained by the tomographic inversion of both P- and S-wave arrival times. Data are from the permanent Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) seismic network, a broadband seismic network, and a temporary array of stations centered on the...
Reassessment of ice-age cooling of the tropical ocean and atmosphere
S. W. Hostetler, A.C. Mix
1999, Nature (399) 673-676
The CLIMAP project's reconstruction of past sea surface temperature inferred limited ice-age cooling in the tropical oceans. This conclusion has been controversial, however, because of the greater cooling indicated by other terrestrial and ocean proxy data. A new faunal sea surface temperature reconstruction, calibrated using the variation of foraminiferal species...
Foreshock occurrence rates before large earthquakes worldwide
P.A. Reasenberg
1999, Pure and Applied Geophysics (155) 355-379
Global rates of foreshock occurrence involving shallow M ??? 6 and M ??? 7 mainshocks and M ??? 5 foreshocks were measured, using earthquakes listed in the Harvard CMT catalog for the period 1978-1996. These rates are similar to rates ones measured in previous worldwide and regional studies when they...
Antarctic glacial history from numerical models and continental margin sediments
P.F. Barker, P. J. Barrett, A. K. Cooper, P. Huybrechts
1999, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (150) 247-267
The climate record of glacially transported sediments in prograded wedges around the Antarctic outer continental shelf, and their derivatives in continental rise drifts, may be combined to produce an Antarctic ice sheet history, using numerical models of ice sheet response to temperature and sea-level change. Examination of published models suggests...
Cu(II) binding by a pH-fractionated fulvic acid
G.K. Brown, S.E. Cabaniss, P. MacCarthy, J.A. Leenheer
1999, Analytica Chimica Acta (402) 183-193
The relationship between acidity, Cu(II) binding and sorption to XAD resin was examined using Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA). The work was based on the hypothesis that fractions of SRFA eluted from an XAD column at various pH's from 1.0 to 12.0 would show systematic variations in acidity and possibly...
Ground water
Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey
1999, Report
Some water underlies the Earth's surface almost everywhere, beneath hills, mountains, plains, and deserts. It is not always accessible, or fresh enough for use without treatment, and it's sometimes difficult to locate or to measure and describe. This water may occur close to the land surface, as in a marsh,...
Chlorine-bearing amphiboles from the Fraser mine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada: Description and crystal chemistry
K.A. McCormick, A.M. McDonald
1999, Canadian Mineralogist (37) 1385-1403
Three chemically distinct populations of Cl-bearing amphibole have been recognized in association with contact Ni-Cu ore deposits in Footwall Breccia at the Fraser mine, Sudbury, Ontario. The first population, defined as halogen-poor (<0.5 wt.% Cl) actinolite and magnesiohornblende, occurs predominantly as pale green grains and cores. These are generally overgrown...
Applications and issues of GIS as tool for civil engineering modeling
S.B. Miles, C.L. Ho
1999, Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering (13) 144-152
A tool that has proliferated within civil engineering in recent years is geographic information systems (GIS). The goal of a tool is to supplement ability and knowledge that already exists, not to serve as a replacement for that which is lacking. To secure the benefits and avoid misuse of a...
Estimating effects of limiting factors with regression quantiles
Brian S. Cade, J. W. Terrell, Richard L. Schroeder
1999, Ecology (80) 311-323
In a recent Concepts paper in Ecology, Thomson et al. emphasized that assumptions of conventional correlation and regression analyses fundamentally conflict with the ecological concept of limiting factors, and they called for new statistical procedures to address this problem. The analytical issue is that unmeasured factors may be the active...
Evaluation of the atmosphere as a source of volatile organic compounds in shallow groundwater
Arthur L. Baehr, Paul E. Stackelberg, Ronald J. Baker
1999, Water Resources Research (35) 127-136
The atmosphere as a source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in shallow groundwater was evaluated over an area in southern New Jersey. Chloroform, methyl tertbutyl ether (MTBE), 1,1,1‐trichloroethane, tetrachloroethylene (PCE), and carbon disulfide (not a VOC) were detected frequently at low‐level concentrations in a network of 78 shallow wells in...
Structure and function of fish communities in the southern Lake Michigan basin with emphasis on restoration of native fish communities
Thomas P. Simon, Paul M. Stewart
1999, Natural Areas Journal (19) 142-154
The southern Lake Michigan basin in northwest Indiana possesses a variety of aquatic habitats including riverine, palustrine, and lacustrine systems. The watershed draining this area is a remnant of glacial Lake Chicago and supports fish communities that are typically low in species richness. Composition of the presettlement Lake Michigan fish...
High-grade iron ore deposits of the Mesabi Range, Minnesota-product of a continental-scale proterozoic ground-water flow system
G. B. Morey
1999, Economic Geology (94) 133-141
The Mesabi Range along the north edge of the Paleoproterozoic Penokean orogen in northern Minnesota has produced 3.6 billion metric tons of ore since its discovery in 1890. Of that amount, 2.3 billion metric tons were extracted from hematite-or goethite-rich deposits generally referred to as "high-grade" ores. The high-grade ores...
Nest-site selection in the acorn woodpecker
P.N. Hooge, M.T. Stanback, Walter D. Koenig
1999, The Auk (116) 45-54
Acorn Woodpeckers (Melanerpes formicivorus) at Hastings Reservation in central California prefer to nest in dead limbs in large, dead valley oaks (Quercus lobata) and California sycamores (Platanus racemosa) that are also frequently used as acorn storage trees. Based on 232 nest cavities used over an 18-year period, we tested whether...
Summer water clarity responses to phosphorus, Daphnia grazing, and internal mixing in Lake Mendota
R.C. Lathrop, S.R. Carpenter, Dale M. Robertson
1999, Limnology and Oceanography (44) 137-146
Linear models were developed for predicting mean Secchi disk depth readings as a measure of water clarity for the summer months in Lake Mendota, Wisconsin. The 20-yr (1976-1995) data set also included external phosphorus (P) loadings and in-lake April P concentrations as indices of lake nutrient status, and monthly (28...
Moment tensor solutions estimated using optimal filter theory: Global seismicity, 1997
S.A. Sipkin, C. G. Bufe, M.D. Zirbes
1999, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors (114) 109-117
Moment tensor solutions, estimated using optimal filter theory, are listed for 218 moderate-to-large size earthquakes that occurred during 1997....
Effects of steady-state assumption on hydraulic conductivity and recharge estimates in a surficial aquifer system
K. J. Halford
1999, Groundwater (37) 70-79
The ability of a calibrated flow model to predict the behavior of a surficial aquifer system is governed by the quality of the hydraulic conductivity and recharge estimates used. Reasonable lateral and vertical hydraulic conductivities can be estimated by steady-state simulations driven by effective...
Composition and origin of Early Cambrian Tiantaishan phosphorite-Mn carbonate ores, Shaanxi Province, China
J.R. Hein, D. Fan, J. Ye, T. Liu, H.-W. Yeh
1999, Ore Geology Reviews (15) 95-134
The Tiantaishan phosphorite-Mn carbonate ores occur in the Early Cambrian Tananpo Formation in complexly folded and faulted rocks located in southern Shaanxi Province. About 65 x 106 tonnes of 17% P2O5 ore reserves exist and Mn-ore reserves are about 8.3 x 106 tonnes of +18% Mn. The stratigraphic sequence in...
Soil-like deposits observed by Sojourner, the Pathfinder rover
Henry J. Moore, Donald B. Bickler, Joy A. Crisp, Howard J. Eisen, Jeffrey A. Gensler, Albert F.C. Haldemann, Jacob R. Matijevic, Lisa K. Reid, Ferenc Pavlics
1999, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (104) 8729-8746
Most of the soil-like materials at the Pathfinder landing site behave like moderately dense soils on Earth with friction angles near 34°-39° and are called cloddy deposits. Cloddy deposits appear to be poorly sorted with dust-sized to granule-sized mineral or rock grains; they may contain pebbles, small rock fragments, and...
Deglaciation of the northwestern White Mountains, New Hampshire
Woodrow B. Thompson, Brian K. Fowler, C. C. Dorion
1999, Geographie Physique et Quaternaire (53) 59-77
The mode of deglaciation in the northwestern White Mountains of New Hampshire has been controversial since the mid 1800's. Early workers believed that active ice deposited the Bethlehem Moraine complex in the Ammonoosuc River basin during recession of the last ice sheet. In the 1930's this deglaciation model was replaced...
Wild turkey poult survival in southcentral Iowa
Michael W. Hubbard, D.L. Garner, Erwin E. Klaas
1999, Journal of Wildlife Management (63) 199-203
Poult survival is key to understanding annual change in wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) populations. Survival of eastern wild turkey poults (M. g. silvestris) 0-4 weeks posthatch was studied in southcentral Iowa during 1994-97. Survival estimates of poults were calculated based on biweekly flush counts and daily locations acquired via radiotelemetry....
Practical Scheffe‐type credibility intervals for variables of a groundwater model
Richard L. Cooley
1999, Water Resources Research (35) 113-126
Simultaneous Scheffé‐type credibility intervals (the Bayesian version of confidence intervals) for variables of a groundwater flow model calibrated using a Bayesian maximum a posteriori procedure were derived by Cooley [1993b]. It was assumed that variances reflecting the expected differences between observed and model‐computed quantities used to calibrate the model are known, whereas...
Local tsunamis and distributed slip at the source
E.L. Geist, R. Dmowska
1999, Pure and Applied Geophysics (154) 485-512
Variations in the local tsunami wave field are examined in relation to heterogeneous slip distributions that are characteristic of many shallow subduction zone earthquakes. Assumptions inherent in calculating the coseismic vertical displacement field that defines the initial condition for tsunami propagation are examined. By comparing the seafloor displacement from uniform...
Socioeconomic impacts of climate change on U.S. water supplies
K.D. Frederick, G. E. Schwarz
1999, Conference Paper, Journal of the American Water Resources Association
A greenhouse warming would have major effects on water supplies and demands. A framework for examining the socioeconomic impacts associated with changes in the long-term availability of water is developed and applied to the hydrologic implications of the Canadian and British Hadley2 general circulation models (GCMs) for the 18 water...
