Seasonal variations of carbon dioxide concentrations in stony, coarse-textured desert soils of southern Nevada, USA
Christina L. Terhune, Jennifer W. Harden
1991, Soil Science (151) 417-429
Knowledge of carbon dioxide concentration in desert soils is required in theoretical models of the development of pedogenic and ground-water calcium carbonate. Most studies have concentrated on medium- to fine-textured soils in temperate to humid environments. Very little data exist for CO2 concentrations in stony, coarse-textured deposits such as those making...
Centrifugal techniques for measuring saturated hydraulic conductivity
John R. Nimmo, Karen A. Mello
1991, Water Resources Research (27) 1263-1269
Centrifugal force is an alternative to large pressure gradients for the measurement of low values of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat). With a head of water above a porous medium in a centrifuge bucket, both constant-head and falling-head measurements are practical at forces up to at least 1800 times normal gravity....
The federal effort to evaluate coastal wetland mitigation: A report by the National Ocean Pollution Policy Board's Habitat Loss and Modification Working Group
Sari J. Kiraly, Ford A. Cross, John D. Buffington
1991, Technical Memorandum CS/NOPPO 91-2
No abstract available....
Torsional response of unique building
Mehmet Celebi, E. Safak, N. Youssef
1991, Journal of Structural Engineering (117) 1549-1566
Acceleration response records obtained during the October 1, 1987 Whittier‐Narrows earthquake (Ms=5.6)">(Ms=5.6) from the 32‐story, vertically...
Kinematic model of a continuous Heart Mountain allochthon: Discussion
Willis H. Nelson
1991, Geological Society of America Bulletin (103) 718-719
No abstract available....
Sampling design for groundwater solute transport: Tests of methods and analysis of Cape Cod tracer test data
Debra S. Knopman, Clifford I. Voss, Stephen P. Garabedian
1991, Water Resources Research (27) 925-949
Tests of a one-dimensional sampling design methodology on measurements of bromide concentration collected during the natural gradient tracer test conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, demonstrate its efficacy for field studies of solute transport in groundwater and the utility of one-dimensional analysis. The methodology was applied...
Extent of reaction in open systems with multiple heterogeneous reactions
John C. Friedly
1991, American Institute of Chemical Engineers (37) 687-693
The familiar batch concept of extent of reaction is reexamined for systems of reactions occurring in open systems. Because species concentrations change as a result of transport processes as well as reactions in open systems, the extent of reaction has been less useful in practice in...
Venus volcanism: Initial analysis from Magellan data
J.W. Head, D.B. Campbell, C. Elachi, J. E. Guest, D.P. Mckenzie, R.S. Saunders, Gerald G. Schaber, Gerald Schubert
1991, Science (252) 276-288
Magellan images confirm that volcanism is widespread and has been fundamentally important in the formation and evolution of the crust of Venus. High-resolution imaging data reveal evidence for intrusion (dike formation and cryptodomes) and extrusion (a wide range of lava flows). Also observed are thousands of small shield volcanoes, larger...
Magellan: Radar performance and data products
G.H. Pettengill, P.G. Ford, W.T.K. Johnson, R.K. Raney, Laurence A. Soderblom
1991, Science (252) 260-265
The Magellan Venus orbiter carries only one scientific instrument: a 12.6-centimeter wavelength radar system shared among three data-taking modes. The synthetic-aperture mode images radar echoes from the Venus surface at a resolution of between 120 and 300 meters, depending on spacecraft altitude. In the altimetric mode, relative height measurement accuracies...
Basin and range crustal and upper mantle structure, northwest to central Nevada
Rufus D. Catchings, Walter D. Mooney
1991, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (96) 6247-6267
We present an interpretation of the crustal and uppermost mantle structure of the Basin and Range of northwestern Nevada based on seismic refraction/wide‐angle reflection, near‐vertical reflection, and gravity data. In comparison to most previous estimates, we find that the crust is somewhat thicker (32–36 km versus 22–30...
Strain measurements and the potential for a great subduction earthquake off the coast of Washington
J.C. Savage, M. Lisowski
1991, Science (252) 101-103
Geodetic measurements of deformation in northwestern Washington indicate that strain is accumulating at a rate close to that predicted by a model of the Cascadia subduction zone in which the plate interface underlying the continental slope and outer continental shelf is currently locked but the remainder of the interface slips...
A model of volcanic dome-hosted precious metal deposits in Bolivia
Charles G. Cunningham, J. McNamee, J.P. Vasquez, G. E. Ericksen
1991, Economic Geology (86) 415-421
No abstract available. ...
Single-station decomposition of seismograms for subevent time histories
Massimo Di Bona, John Boatwright
1991, Geophysical Journal International (105) 103-117
We have adapted an iterative least-squares inversion with positivity constraints to the problem of deconvolving the recordings of a small earthquake from the recordings of a large composite earthquake. The inversion uses an F test to minimize the number of non-zero amplitudes or subevents in the solution set, by requiring each added...
Comment on the treatment of residual water content in “A consistent set of parametric models for the two-phase flow of immiscible fluids in the subsurface” by L. Luckner et al.
John R. Nimmo
1991, Water Resources Research (27) 661-662
Luckner et al. [1989] (hereinafter LVN) present a clear summary and generalization of popular formulations used for convenient representation of porous media fluid flow characteristics, including water content (θ) related to suction (h) and hydraulic conductivity (K) related to θ or h. One essential but problematic element in the LVN...
Effect of hunting on annual survival of grey ducks in New Zealand
Richard J. Barker, James E. Hines, James D. Nichols
1991, Journal of Wildlife Management (55) 260-265
We used band recovery data from grey ducks (Anas superciliosa) banded in New Zealand between 1957 and 1974 to test 2 null hypotheses: (1) hunting mortality is completely additive to natural sources of mortality, and (2) hunting mortality is completely compensated by changes in natural mortality. We modeled annual survival...
Density cycles in an island population of deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus
Charles A. Drost, Gary M. Fellers
1991, Oikos (60) 351-364
We report on eight years of data for a population of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) on Santa Barbara Island, California which reaches exceptionally high densities and fluctuates markedly in an apparent three- to four-year cycle. The cyclic increase follows winters with high rainfall, and the decline may be similarly associated...
Physical aspects of Hurricane Hugo in Puerto Rico
F.N. Scatena, Matthew C. Larsen
1991, Biotropica (23) 317-323
On 18 September 1989 the western part ofHurricane Hugo crossed eastern Puerto Rico and the Luquillo Experimental Forest (LEF). Storm-facing slopes on the northeastern part of the island that were within 15 km of the eye and received greater than 200 mm of rain were most affected by the storm....
Unified theory on power laws for flow resistance
Cheng-lung Chen
1991, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering (117) 371-389
Two general power formulas, one for hydraulically smooth flows and the other for fully rough flows, are derived in a rational way from the widely accepted logarithmic formulas for the velocity profile and the Darcy‐Weisbach friction factor. A regression analysis based on the method of least squares is used to...
Decreased survival of rainbow trout exposed to no. 2 fuel oil caused by sublethal preexposure
B. L. Steadman, W. A. Stubblefield, T. W. Lapoint, H.L. Bergman, M.S. Kaiser
1991, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (10) 355-363
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed for 21 d to sublethal levels of No. 2 fuel oil (2FO). The four exposure concentrations ranged from 12 to 100 mg/L 2FO dispersed in water and resulted in 0 to 12% mortality. Following this exposure period (preexposure) the ability of preexposed trout to...
Comparison of techniques that use the single scattering model to compute the quality factor Q from coda waves
D. A. Novelo-Casanova, W.H.K. Lee
1991, Pure and Applied Geophysics (135) 77-89
Using simulated coda waves, the resolution of the single-scattering model to extract codaQ (Q c ) and its power law frequency dependence was tested. The back-scattering model ofAKI andCHOUET (1975) and the single isotropic-scattering model ofSATO (1977) were examined. The results indicate that: (1) The inputQ c models are reasonably well...
Sonobuoy seismic studies at ODP drill sites in Prydz Bay, Antarctica
Guy R. Cochrane, Alan K. Cooper
1991, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results
Five sonobuoy seismic-refraction records were collected along the Leg 119 geophysical transect across the Prydz Bay shelf. Velocity-depth profiles are computed from the sonobuoy data and are used to produce a depth section for the principal acoustic unit boundaries observed in the seismic-reflection data along the transect. Traveltime curves generated...
Seismic quiescence at Parkfield due to detachment faulting
W.D. Stuart
1991, Nature (349) 58-61
On the San Andreas fault near Parkfield, California, rates of seismicity1,2 and geodetic line shortening3,4have been lower since 1986 than before. Wyss et al.1,3interpret the rate decreases as precursors to an imminent moderate earthquake (magnitude M = 5.5−6) and estimate the earthquake time to be March 1991 ± 1 yr. The earthquake was previously...
Simulation of the effects of proposed tide gates on circulation, flushing, and water quality in residential canals, Cape Coral, Florida
Carl R. Goodwin
1991, Open-File Report 91-237
Decades of dredging and filling of Florida's low-lying coastal wetlands have produced thousands of miles of residential tidal canals and adjacent waterfront property. Typically, these canals are poorly flushed, and over time, accumulated organic-rich bottom materials, contribute to an increasingly severe degraded water quality. One-dimensional hydrodynamic and constituent-transport models were...
Preliminary analysis of the hydrologic and geochemical controls on acid‐neutralizing capacity in two acidic seepage lakes in Florida
Curtis D. Pollman, T. M. Lee, William J. Andrews, L. A. Sacks, S.A. Gherini, R.K. Munson
1991, Water Resources Research (27) 2321-2335
In late 1988, parallel studies of Lake Five‐O (pH 5.14) in the Florida panhandle and Lake Barco (pH 4.50) in north central Florida were initiated to develop hydrologic and major ion budgets of these lakes as part of an overall effort to improve understanding of the hydrologic, depositional, and biogeochemical...
Assessing the solubilities and reaction kinetics of aluminous minerals in soils
Howard M. May, D. Kirk Nordstrom
1991, Book chapter, Solid acidity
The use of chemical thermodynamics and reaction kinetics is necessary to quantitatively model the transformation of aluminous minerals and their dissolved constituents in soils and other geochemical systems. Soils are thermodynamically open systems subject to atmospheric and biological forces and do not attain overall thermodynamic equilibrium with respect to either...
