Strain accumulation in western Washington
James C. Savage, Michael Lisowski, W.H. Prescott
1991, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (96) 14493-14507
The Juan de Fuca plate is subducted beneath the North American plate off the coast of Washington at a rate of about 40 mm/yr N68°E. The average principal strain rates (extension reckoned positive) measured in northwestern Washington are as follows: Olympic peninsula 25 km south of Port...
Standing crops and ecology of aquatic invertebrates in agricultural drainwater ponds in California
N.H. Euliss Jr., R. L. Jarvis, D.S. Gilmer
1991, Wetlands (11) 179-190
We examined standing crops and ecology of aquatic invertebrates in agricultural drainwater evaporation ponds in California from October 1982 to March 1983 and September 1983 to March 1984. Evaporation ponds supported low diversities but high standing crops of aquatic invertebrates. A water boatman (Trichocorixa reticulata) and a midge (Tanypus grodhausi)...
Continental crustal evolution observations
Walter D. Mooney, R. Meissner
1991, Eos, Earth and Space Science News (72) 537-541
How has the continental crust evolved? What are the primary processes responsible for its composition, structure, and mode of deformation? What role do fluids play in deep crustal processes? In the last dozen years, geophysicists have obtained images of the deep continental crust that can be used...
Sampling methods for amphibians in streams in the Pacific Northwest
R. Bruce Bury, Paul Stephen Corn
1991, Report
Methods describing how to sample aquatic and semiaquatic amphibians in small streams and headwater habitats in the Pacific Northwest are presented. We developed a technique that samples 10-meter stretches of selected streams, which was adequate to detect presence or absence of amphibian species and provided sample sizes statistically sufficient...
Role of exposure mode in the bioavailability of triphenyl phosphate to aquatic organisms
James N. Huckins, James F. Fairchild, Terence P. Boyle
1991, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (21) 481-485
A laboratory study was conducted to investigate the role of the route of triphenyl phosphate (TPP) entry on its aquatic bioavailability and acute biological effects. Three TPP treatments were used for exposures of fish and invertebrates. These consisted of TPP dosed directly into water with and without clean sediment and...
A modeling assessment of the thermal regime for an urban sport fishery
John M. Bartholow
1991, Environmental Management (15) 833-845
Water temperature is almost certainly a limiting factor in the maintenance of a self-sustaining rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, formerly Salmo gairdneri) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) fishery in the lower reaches of the Cache la Poudre River near Fort Collins, Colorado, USA. Irrigation diversions dewater portions of the river, but...
The Loma Prieta earthquake, ground motion, and damage in Oakland, Treasure Island, and San Francisco
Thomas C. Hanks, A. Gerald Brady
1991, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (81) 2019-2047
The basis of this study is the acceleration, velocity, and displacement wave-forms of the Loma Prieta earthquake (18 October 1989; M = 7.0) at two rock sites in San Francisco, a rock site on Yerba Buena Island, an artificial-fill site on Treasure Island, and three sites in Oakland underlain by...
Global warming and prairie wetlands: potential consequences for waterfowl habitat
Karen A. Poiani, W. Carter Johnson
1991, BioScience (41) 611-618
The accumulation of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere is expected to warm the earth's climate at an unprecedented rate (Ramanathan 1988, Schneider 1989). If the climate models are correct, within 100 years the earth will not only be warmer than it has been during the past million years, but...
Historic creep rate and potential for seismic slip along the Hayward Fault, California
J. J. Lienkaemper, G. Borchardt, M. Lisowski
1991, Journal of Geophysical Research (96) 18261-18283
The Hayward fault is considered the most likely source of one or more major earthquakes in the San Francisco Bay area in the next few decades. Historically, at least one, and probably two, major earthquakes (about M 6.8) occurred along the Hayward fault, one in 1836 and another in 1868. Little is...
Geochemistry of dissolved inorganic carbon in a Coastal Plain aquifer. 2. Modeling carbon sources, sinks, and δ13C evolution
Peter B. McMahon, Francis H. Chapelle
1991, Journal of Hydrology (127) 109-135
Stable isotope data for dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), carbonate shell material and cements, and microbial CO2 were combined with organic and inorganic chemical data from aquifer and confining-bed pore waters to construct geochemical reaction models along a flowpath in the Black Creek aquifer of South Carolina. Carbon-isotope fractionation between DIC...
Modelling of turbidity currents on Navy Submarine Fan, California Continental Borderland
Anthony J. Bowen, William R. Normark, David J. W. Piper
1991, Book chapter, Deep-Water Turbidite Systems
Several Holocene turbidites can be correlated across much of Navy Fan through more than 100 sediment core localities. The uppermost muddy turbidite unit is mapped throughout the northern half of the fan; its volume, grain-size distribution and the maximum height of deposition on the basin slopes are known. These parameters...
Tomographic imaging of subducted lithosphere below northwest Pacific island arcs
R. van der Hilst, R. Engdahl, W. Spakman, G. Nolet
1991, Nature (353) 37-43
The seismic tomography problem does not have a unique solution, and published tomographic images have been equivocal with regard to the deep structure of subducting slabs. An improved tomographic method, using a more realistic background Earth model and surface-reflected as well as direct seismic phases, shows that slabs beneath the...
Rare earth elements in Japan Sea sediments and diagenetic behavior of Ce/Ce∗: results from ODP Leg 127
R. Murray, Marilyn R. Buchholtz ten Brink, Hans-Juergen Brumsack, David C. Gerlach, G. Price Russ
1991, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (55) 2453-2466
The relative effects of paleoceanographic and paleogeographic variations, sediment lithology, and diagenetic processes on the recorded rare earth element (REE) chemistry of Japan Sea sediments are evaluated by investigating REE total abundances and relative fractionations in 59 samples from Ocean Drilling Program Leg 127. REE total abundances (ΣREE) in the Japan...
Lead accumulation and osprey production near a mining site on the Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho
Charles J. Henny, Lawrence J. Blus, David J. Hoffman, Robert A. Grove, Jeffrey S. Hatfield
1991, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (21) 415-424
Mining and smelting at Kellogg-Smelterville, Idaho, resulted in high concentrations of lead in Coeur d'Alene (CDA) River sediments 15–65 km downstream, where ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) nested. Adult and nestling ospreys living along the CDA River had significantly higher blood lead concentrations than those at Lake Coeur d'Alene (intermediate area) or...
Low-cost field estimation of yellow perch daily ration
R.S. Hayward, F. Joseph Margraf, D.L. Parrish, B. Vondracek
1991, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (120) 589-604
We used 2 yearsˈ diel food weight data from stomachs of Lake Erie yellow perch Perca flavescens to make Elliott‐Persson (E–P) estimates of daily ration and to construct consumption response surface (CRS) regression models. The CRS models provided relatively accurate, low‐cost estimates of daily ration from only one to four fish collections...
Striped bass stocks and concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls
Mary C. Fabrizio, Ronald J. Sloan, John F. O'Brien
1991, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (120) 541-551
Harvest restrictions on striped bass Morone saxatilis fisheries in Atlantic coastal states were relaxed in 1990, but consistent, coastwide regulations of the harvest have been difficult to implement because of the mixed‐stock nature of the fisheries and the recognized contamination of Hudson River fish by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). We...
Analysis and modeling of long‐term stream temperatures on the Steamboat Creek Basin, Oregon: Implications for land use and fish habitat
Steven W. Hostetler
1991, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (27) 637-647
Steamboat Creek basin is an important source of timber and provides crucial spawning and rearing habitat for anadromous steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Because stream temperatures are near the upper limit of tolerance for the survival of juvenile steelhead, the possible long‐term effect of clear‐cut logging on...
Relations among fault behavior, subsurface geology, and three-dimensional velocity models
A.J. Michael, D. Eberhart-Phillips
1991, Science (253) 651-654
The development of three-dimensional P-wave velocity models for the regions surrounding five large earthquakes in California has lead to the recognition of relations among fault behavior and the material properties of the rocks that contact the fault at seismogenic depths; regions of high moment release appear to correlate with high...
Acid precipitation and food quality: Effects of dietary Al, Ca and P on bone and liver characteristics in American black ducks and mallards
Donald W. Sparling
1991, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (21) 281-288
American black ducks (Anas rubripes) and mallards (A. platyrhynchos) were fed diets varying in concentrations of aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) for 10 weeks to identify toxic effects of Al under conditions representative of areas with acid precipitation. Femur and liver tissues were analyzed for Al, Ca, and...
A method for the concentration of fine-grained rutile (TiO2) from sediment and sedimentary rocks by chemical leaching
Judith A. Commeau, Page C. Valentine
1991, Economic Geology (86) 878-882
Quaternary marine sediment in the Gulf of Maine basins contains 0.7 to 1.0 wt percent TiO2 (determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry). Most of this TiO2 exists in the form of silt-size rutile crystals that are visible by using the petrographic microscope with transmitted light (Valentine and Commeau, 1990). The identification...
Quartz dissolution in organic-rich aqueous systems
Philip C. Bennett
1991, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (55) 1781-1797
Organic electrolytes are a common component of natural waters and are known to be important in many rock-water interactions. The influence of organic electrolytes on silica mobility, quartz solubility, and quartz dissolution kinetics, however, is less well understood. While there is mounting evidence supporting the presence of an aqueous organic-silica...
Variability of an unsaturated sand unit underlying a radioactive- waste trench
Richard W. Healy, Patrick C. Miller
1991, Soil Science Society of America Journal (55) 899-907
Properties of soils vary considerably within any field. This study was conducted to investigate the variability in properties of an unsaturated sand unit that lies at a depth of 13 m below land surface. Four-hundred-forty soil core samples, obtained from a 1.75 by 18-m horizontal plane within a sand unit...
Mediterranean seabed in digital shaded relief
Robert K. Mark, Richard J. Pike, Giovanni Bortoluzzi, Marco Ligi
1991, Eos Science News (72) 273-274
Relief-shaded images made from a large digital depth model (DDM) provide a fresh view of regional tectonism and submarine geomorphology in the central Mediterranean. The 1-km spatial resolution is better than that afforded by the 5-arc-minute worldwide digital bathymetry (DBDB5). These computer pictures enable information on seafloor morphology to be...
Resource constraints in petroleum production potential
C.D. Masters, D. H. Root, E. D. Attanasi
1991, Science (253) 146-152
Geologic reasons indicate that the dominant position of the Middle East as a source of conventional petroleum will not be changed by new discoveries elsewhere. The share of world crude oil production coming from the Middle East could increase, within 10 to 20 years, to exceed 50 percent, under even...
Archean and Proterozoic crustal evolution: Evidence from crustal seismology
R. Durrheim, Walter D. Mooney
1991, Geology (19) 606-609
Seismic-velocity models for Archean and Proterozoic provinces throughout the world are analyzed. The thickness of the crust in Archean provinces is generally found to be about 35 km (except at collisional boundaries), whereas Proterozoic crust has a significantly greater thickness of about 45 km and has a...
