Salinity variations in submarine hydrothermal systems by layered double-diffusive convection
James L. Bischoff, Robert J. Rosenbauer
1989, Journal of Geology (97) 613-623
Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the salinity variations in vent fluids of seafloor geothermal systems. New experiments reacting diabase and evolved seawater were carried out to reproduce earlier published observations of Cl depletions attributed to formation of an ephemeral Cl-bearing mineral. The absence of any Cl depletions in...
Accumulation and diagenesis of chlorinated hydrocarbons in lacustrine sediments
Steven J. Eisenreich, Paul D. Capel, John A. Robbins, R. Bourbonniere
1989, Environmental Science and Technology (23) 1116-1126
Two sediment cores were taken from the Rochester Basin of eastern Lake Ontario and analyzed for the radionuclides 210Pb and 137Cs and several high molecular weight chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHs). The two sites are geographically proximate but differ in sedimentation rate, permitting sedimentation-dependent processes to be factored out. The 210Pb chronology...
On the selection of sediment transport equations
Robert T. Milhous
1989, Book, Sediment transport modeling: Proceedings of International Symposium
No abstract available....
Effects of herbage removal on productivity of selected high-Sierra meadow community types
Thomas J. Stohlgren, Steven H. DeBenedetti, David J. Parsons
1989, Environmental Management (13) 485-491
We investigated the effects of herbage removal on three subalpine meadow plant communities in the Rock Creek drainage of Sequoia National Park, California, USA. In the xeric Carex exserta Mkze. (short-hair sedge) type, annual aboveground productivity averaged 19 g/m2 in control plots (clipped once after plant senescence in late September)...
Slope movements triggered by heavy rainfall, November 3–5, 1985, in Virginia and West Virginia, U.S.A.
Robert B. Jacobson, Elizabeth D. Cron, John P. McGeehin
1989, GSA Special Papers (236) 1-14
Study of slope movements triggered by the storm of November 3–5, 1985, in the central Appalachian Mountains, U.S.A., has helped to define the meteorologic conditions leading to slope movements and the relative importance of land cover, bedrock, surficial geology, and geomorphology in slope movement location. This long-duration rainfall at moderate...
Postfledging survival of European starlings
David G. Krementz, James D. Nichols, James E. Hines
1989, Ecology (70) 646-655
We tested the hypotheses that mass at fledging and fledge date within the breeding season affect postfledging survival in European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). Nestlings were weighed on day 18 after hatch and tagged with individually identifiable patagial tags. Fledge date was recorded. Marked fledglings were resighted during weekly two—day intensive...
Stream temperature investigations: field and analytic methods
J.M. Bartholow
1989, Report
This document provides guidance to the user of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s Stream Network Temperature Model (SNTEMP). Planning a temperature study is discussed in terms of understanding the management objectives and ensuring that the questions will be accurately answered with the modeling approach being used. A sensitivity analysis of...
An exact anelastic model for the free-surface reflection of P and S-I waves
Roger D. Borcherdt, G. Glassmoyer
1989, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (79) 842-859
Exact anelastic solutions incorporating inhomogeneous waves are used to model numerically S-I and P waves incident on the free surface of a low-loss anelastic half-space. Anelastic free-surface reflection coefficients are computed for the volumetric strain and displacement components of inhomogeneous wave fields. For the problem of an incident homogeneous S-I wave in Pierre shale,...
Estimating water‐table altitudes for regional ground‐water flow modeling, U.S. Gulf Coast
T.A. Williams, A. K. Williamson
1989, Groundwater (27) 333-340
Water‐table altitude, a controlling factor for ground‐ water flow, was estimated from detailed topographic data by subtracting the estimated depth‐to‐water. Land‐surface altitude of the Coastal Plain in the south‐central United States varies from 0 to more than 800 feet above sea level. Predevelopment depth‐to‐water in 6,825 wells less than 150 feet deep...
Application of the Graphic Correlation method to Pliocene marine sequences
H.J. Dowsett
1989, Marine Micropaleontology (14) 3-32
Biostratigraphy — the use of paleontological evidence to establish relative chronologies, forms the cornerstone of many sedimentary geological investigations. Several different approaches to biochronology are available. Traditional interval zones, defined on lowest and/or highest occurrences of selected taxa, are used...
Crustal studies using magnetic data
Richard J. Blakely, G. Connard
1989, GSA Memoirs (172) 45-60
The magnetic method plays an important role in mineral, petroleum, and geothermal exploration. It also has made important contributions to geologic mapping, structural geology, and plate-tectonic theory. In particular, magnetic measurements using aircraft provide a relatively inexpensive way to trace magnetic rock units beneath covered areas, to reveal the shape...
Isostatic residual gravity and crustal geology of the United States
Robert C. Jachens, Robert W. Simpson, Richard J. Blakely, Richard W. Saltus
1989, GSA Memoirs (172) 405-424
A new isostatic residual gravity map of the conterminous United States presents continent-wide gravity data in a form that can be readily used, with geologic information and other geophysical data, in studies of the composition and structure of the continental crust. This map was produced from the gridded gravity data...
Regression models for estimating urban storm-runoff quality and quantity in the United States
N. E. Driver, B.M. Troutman
1989, Journal of Hydrology (109) 221-236
Urban planners and managers need information about the local quantity of precipitation and the quality and quantity of storm runoff if they are to plan adequately for the effects of storm runoff from urban areas. As result of this need, linear regression models were developed for the estimation of storm-runoff...
Estimates of the suspended sediment reference concentration (Ca) and resuspension coefficient (γ0) from near-bottom observations on the California shelf
D.E. Drake, D.A. Cacchione
1989, Continental Shelf Research (9) 51-64
Near-bottom current and suspended sediment measurements above a sandy clayey silt bed on the California continental shelf are used to estimate the near-bed suspended sediment reference concentration, Ca, and the bed shear stress, τ0. A proposed model contends that Ca should be proportional to the normalized excess shear stress acting on the sediment...
Heat flow and hydrothermal circulation in the Cascade Range, north-central Oregon
S. E. Ingebritsen, D. R. Sherrod, Robert H. Mariner
1989, Science (243) 1458-1462
In north-central Oregon a large area of near-zero near-surface conductive heat flow occurs in young volcanic rocks of the Cascade Range. Recent advective heat flux measurements and a heat-budget analysis suggest that ground-water circulation sweeps sufficient heat out of areas where rocks younger than 6 Ma (million years ago) are...
Earthquake hazard after a mainshock in California
Paul A. Reasenberg, Lucille M. Jones
1989, Science (243) 1173-1176
After a strong earthquake, the possibility of the occurrence of either significant aftershocks or an even stronger mainshock is a continuing hazard that threatens the resumption of critical services and reoccupation of essential but partially damaged structures. A stochastic parametric model allows determination of probabilities for aftershocks and larger mainshocks...
Dual flow habitat model: a new method for evaluating high flows, low flows, and ramping rates on the Salmon River, New York
Robert T. Milhous
1989, Book, Proceedings of the HARZA instream flow workshop, IFIM symposium
No abstract available....
A simulation model of water and salt balance at Bowdoin National Wildlife Refuge
D. B. Hamilton, J. E. Roelle, W.M. Schafer
1989, Report
No abstract available....
Subsurface-water flow and solute transport: federal glossary of selected terms
Alan R. Isensee, Lynn Johnson, Jerry Thornhill, Thomas J. Nicholson, Gerald Meyer, John Vecchioli, Robert Laney
1989, Report
The purpose of this report is to provide a glossary of selected terms for saturated and unsaturated flow and related processes involved in transport of contaminants in the subsurface. The glossary contains five tables. Table 1 is a list of parameters with associated symbols and units. Tables 2 to 5...
Instream habitat modeling techniques
J.M. Nestler, Robert T. Milhous, J.B. Layzer
1989, Book chapter, Alternatives in regulative river management
No abstract available....
Hybridization of ciscoes (Coregonus spp.) in Lake Huron
Thomas N. Todd, Ralph M. Stedman
1989, Canadian Journal of Zoology (67) 1679-1685
Gill raker number and length were compared for lake herring, Coregonus artedii LeSueur, and bloater, Coregonus hoyi (Gill), collected in 1917, 1956, and 1984-1985 at four locations in western Lake Huron to examine the effects of suspected introgressive hybridization on these distinctive species characters. Gill raker length showed no change...
Hydrological, morphometrical, and biological characteristics of the connecting rivers of the International Great Lakes: a review
Clayton J. Edwards, Patrick L. Hudson, Walter G. Duffy, Stephen J. Nepszy, Clarence D. McNabb, Robert C. Haas, Charles R. Liston, Bruce Manny, Wolf-Dieter N. Busch
D.P. Dodge, editor(s)
1989, Book, Proceedings of the International Large River Symposium
The connecting channels of the Great Lakes are large rivers (1, 200-9, 900 m3 • s-1) with limited tributary drainage systems and relatively stable hydrology (about 2:1 ration of maximum to minimum flow). The rivers, from headwaters to outlet, are the St. Marys, St. Clair, Detroit, Niagara, and St. Lawrence....
Transport and degradation of water-soluble creosote-derived compounds
E. Michael Godsy, D.F. Goerlitz, Dunja Grbic-Galic
D. Allen, editor(s)
1989, Book chapter, Intermedia pollutant transport: Modeling and field measurements
Creosote is the most extensively used insecticide and industrial wood preservative today. It is estimated that there are more than 600 wood-preserving plants in the United States, and their collective use of creosote exceeds 4.5xl06 kg/yr (von Rumker et al., 1975). Creosote is a complex mixture of more than...
Seismic methods for determining earthquake source parameters and lithospheric structure
Walter D. Mooney
1989, GSA Memoirs (172) 11-34
The seismologic methods most commonly used in studies of earthquakes and the structure of the continental lithosphere are reviewed in three main sections: earthquake source parameter determinations, the determination of earth structure using natural sources, and controlled-source seismology. The emphasis in each section is on a description of data, the...
Erosion and deterioration of the Isles Dernieres Barrier Island Arc, Louisiana, U.S.A.: 1853 to 1988
Randolph A. McBride, Shea Penland, Bruce E. Jaffe, S. Jeffress Williams, Asbury H. Sallenger Jr., Karen A. Westphal
1989, Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions (39) 431-444
Using cartographic and aerial photography data from the years 1853, 1890, 1934, 1956, 1978, 1984, and 1988, shoreline change maps of the Isles Dernieres barrier island arc were constructed. These data were accurately superimposed, using a computer mapping system, which removed projection, datum, scale, and other cartographic inconsistencies. Linear, areal,...
